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Home Buyers Guide Drinking Water Wastewater Urban Stormwater Industrial Water Water Utility Mgmt Environmental World Regions Technologies
by Allan Budris
One way that the Best-of-Class users reduce the Life Cycle Costs of their pump
installations is by selecting pumps and designing pump systems that will avoid
cavitation damage within their pumps. Cavitation damage can drastically
shorten the life of the pump impeller, mechanical seals, bearings and possibly
other pump components. In other words it will reduce the mean-time-betweenfailure (MTBF), which will increase maintenance costs and pump down time.
There has been a lot written on the dangers of pump cavitation damage when
adequate suction pressure (Net Positive Suction Head Available - NPSHA) is
not provided; when pumps are operated at low flow rates (below the start of
suction recirculation); and/or when sufficient straight runs of piping are not
provided upstream of the pump suction. It can require NPSHA values of four
times the published Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR), or more, to
avoid all cavitation in a pump. The start of Suction Recirculation, which occurs
in all centrifugal pumps at some reduced flow rate, can be as high as 85% or
more of the pump best efficiency flow rate (bep). The required minimum straight
length of pipe, up stream of the pump suction, may be as high as 15 times the
pipe diameter or higher.
However, experienced pump users also know that most smaller pumps do not
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NPSH Margin
The NPSHR of a pump does not represent the start of cavitation. It is actually
the NPSHA that will cause the total head to be reduced by 3%, due to flow
blockage from cavitation vapor in the entry of the impeller vanes. It can take
from 1.05 to 2.5 times the NPSHR just to achieve the 100 percent head point,
and typically 4 to 5 times the 3% NPSHR of the pump to totally eliminate
cavitation. The question then becomes, how much NPSH Margin is really
required to minimize cavitation damage, and achieve extended MTBF rates.
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suction recirculation for high and very high suction energy pump applications.
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