Base and derived quantities

There two types:

•Base quantities
•Derived quantities
A base quantity is physical quantity which cannot
be defined in term of other physical quantity
A derived quantity is a physical quantity.
produced from combination of base quantities.
• Physical quantities are related to one another
by mathematical equations, for example:
• velocity = displacement / time.
• Some physical quantities are chosen as base
quantities. Other physical quantities are
obtained from the base quantities using the
appropriate algebraic relationships and these
are called derived quantities .
Base Quantity
Symbol for the
Physical Quantity
Quantity
length l
mass m
time t
electric current I
thermodynamic
T
temperature
luminous intensity Iv
amount of substance n
BASE UNITS
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Symbol
length metre m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
temperature kelvin K
luminous
candela cd
intensity

amount of
mole mol
substance
SOME EXAMPLES OF DERIVED SI UNITS
Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol
area square metre m2
volume cubic metre m3
kilogram per
density kg.m-3
cubic metre
metre per
speed m.s-1
second
metre per
acceleration m.s-2
second squared
mole per cubic
concentration mol.m-3
metre
SOME DERIVED SI UNITS WITH SPECIAL NAMES

Physical Quantity Name of Unit Symbol

energy joule J
force newton N
pressure pascal Pa
power watt W
electric charge coulomb C

electric potential
volt V
difference

electric resistance ohm W

frequency hertz Hz
PREFIXES
• Prefixes are used to represent physical
quantities which are very big or very small
in SI units.
• Prefixes correspond to powers of 10
• Each prefix has a specific name
Prefixes
• The table show list
of prefixes with its
multiplication factor.

• Students are
required to
memorize all
prefixes start from
pico until the tera.
Prefixes SI Prefixes
Prefixes Symbol Multiple
• The prefixes can be Pico p x10-12
Nano n x10-9
used with any base
Micro µ x10-6
units
Milli m x10-3
• They are Centi c x10-2
multipliers of the Deci d x10-1
base unit Kilo k x103
• Examples: Mega M x106
Giga G x109
– 1 mm = 10-3 m
Tera T x1012
– 1 mg = 10-3 g
Memorise all this
Prefixes !!!!
Convert single number to
standard form
STEP
1.Copy the digit but not digit
of zero
2.Place the decimal point after
first digit
3.Multiply with a power of ten
4.Find the exponent of ten
 The original number
was greater than 1 so
Given: the exponent is
positive.
4,750,000

4.75 (moved 6 decimal places)

answer: 4.75 X 106

 The original number
was less than 1 so
Given: the exponent is

0.000789 negative.

7.89 (moved 4 decimal

places)
answer:
7.89 x 10 -4
Examples:
• The height of Mount
Everest = 8848 m.
Convert the height of
Mount Everest into
standard form.

Answer : 8.848 X 103

Convert single number
to standard form
Answer

a. 0.0093
b. 0.000002
c. 3,013,000,000
d. 12,000,000,000
e. 130,000,000,000,000
 Standard
Single number Form

a. 0.0093 9.3x10-3
b. 0.000002 2.0x10-6
c. 3,013,000,000 3.013x109
d. 12,000,000,000 1.2x1010
e. 130,000,000,000,000 1.3x1014
To Change from Standard Form to
Single Number:

• Move decimal point to right for

positive exponent of 10.
• Move decimal point to left for
negative exponent of 10.
 Positive exponent
move decimal to the
Examples: right.

Given: 5.024 x10 3

answer: 5,024 (3 places to

right)
 Negative exponent
Given: move decimal to
the left.
1.015 x 10-8

(8 places to left)
answer: 0.00000001015
 Answer

Standard form to Single number

a. 1.3x10-5
b. 9.43 x10-4
c. 3.423 x107
d. 3.23 x106
e. 6.003 x109
 Answer

Standard Form
Single number

1.3 x10-5 0.000013

9.43 x10-4 0.000943
3.423 x107 34,230,000
3.23 x106 3,230,000
6.003 x109 6,003,000
Summary
Express single number to standard form

To express a positive number greater than or

equal 1 to 10 in the standard form the given
number can be express as A x10n ,where n is
positive

To express a positive number less than 1 in

standard form, the given number can be express
as A x10n , where n is negative
To convert a number given in the form to single
number, see whether n is positive or negative.

If n positive, shift the decimal point n places to

the right
If n negative, shift the decimal point n places
to the left
 Unit Conversion

 Kena tahu cara tukar unit suatu kuantiti kepada unit

yang lain
 Misalnya, diketahui 1 kg = 103 g, 1 cm = 10-2 m.
 Ketumpatan aluminium adalah 2.70 g/cm3.

 Express the density of Aluminum in kg/m3.

 2.70 g/cm3 = 2.70 (10-3 kg)/(10-2 m)3
 = 2.7 (10-3/ 10-6) kg/m3
 =2.7 x 103 kg/m3
Example:
530pF is equal to?
Solution:
p is equivalent to 10-12
Prefix

530 pF = 530 x 10-12 F

So convert 530 into standard
form
530 pF = 5.30 x 102 x 10-12
= 5.3 x 102+(-12)
= 5.3 x 10-10 ab x ac = ab+c
Next example…..
Q: Convert 100 cm3 to m3
Solution:
• we already know c = 10-2
• 100 x 10-2 m3 ( this answer is wrong)
• In this case:
cm3 = (cm)3
= (10-2m)3
= 10-6m3
100cm3 = 100 x 10-6m3
= 1x 10-4m3 (ni baru betul..)