.

AME

#LASS

$ATE

3%#4)/.

 7HAT)S%NERGY
.ATIONAL3CIENCE
%DUCATION3TANDARDS

"%&/2%9/52%!$
!FTERYOUREADTHISSECTIONYOUSHOULDBEABLETOANSWER
THESEQUESTIONS

03ADEF

s(OWAREENERGYANDWORKRELATED
s (OWISKINETICENERGYDIFFERENTFROMPOTENTIALENERGY
s7HATARESOMEOFTHEOTHERFORMSOFENERGY

7HAT)S%NERGY
!TENNISPLAYERNEEDSENERGYTOHITABALLWITHHER
RACKET4HEBALLHASENERGYASITFLIESTHROUGHTHEAIR
%NERGYISALLAROUNDYOUBUTWHATISENERGY
)NSCIENCEENERGYISTHEABILITYTODOWORK7ORKIS
DONEWHENAFORCEMAKESANOBJECTMOVEINTHEDIRECTION
OFTHEAPPLIEDFORCE(OWDOENERGYANDWORKHELPYOU
PLAYTENNIS4HETENNISPLAYERDOESWORKONHERRACKET
BYAPPLYINGAFORCETOIT4HERACKETDOESWORKONTHE
BALLTOMAKEITFLYINTOTHEAIR
7HENTHERACKETDOESWORKONTHEBALLENERGYMOVES
FROMTHERACKETTOTHEBALL%NERGYISTHEREASONTHERACKET
CANDOWORK3OWORKISTHETRANSFEROFENERGY"OTHWORK
ANDENERGYAREWRITTENINTHEUNITSJOULES* 

345$94)0
-AKEA6ENN$IAGRAMTO
COMPAREANDCONTRASTKINETIC
ENERGYANDPOTENTIALENERGY
-AKEALISTOFOTHERFORMS
OFENERGYANDTELLIFTHEYARE
KINETICENERGYORPOTENTIAL
ENERGY

2%!$).'#(%#+
 )DENTIFY 7HENWORKISDONE
BYONEOBJECTONANOTHERWHAT
ISTRANSFERRED

7ORKISDONEBYTHETENNISPLAYERONTHERACKET

%NERGYMOVESFROMTHE

TOTHE



4HETENNISRACKETDOESWORKONTHEBALL

M:D>:EHHD
%NERGYMOVESFROMTHE

TOTHE



 )DENTIFY &ILLINTHE

PROCESSCHARTTOSHOWHOW
ENERGYMOVESWHENWORKIS
DONEONANOBJECT

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME
3%#4)/.

#LASS

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED

7HAT)S+INETIC%NERGY

2%!$).'#(%#+

7HENTHETENNISPLAYERHITSTHEBALLWITHTHERACKET
ENERGYMOVESFROMTHERACKETTOTHEBALL4HETENNIS
BALLHASKINETICENERGY+INETICENERGYISTHEENERGYOF
MOTION!LLMOVINGOBJECTSHAVEKINETICENERGY,IKEALL
OTHERFORMSOFENERGYKINETICENERGYCANBEUSEDTODO
WORK4HEKINETICENERGYOFAHAMMERDOESWORKONA
NAIL4HISISSEENINTHEFIGUREBELOW

 )DENTIFY &ORANOBJECTTO

HAVEKINETICENERGYWHAT
MUSTITBEDOING
4HEHAMMERHASKINETICENERGY

7HENYOUSWINGAHAMMERITISMOVING)THASKINETICENERGY
4HISENERGYDOESWORKONTHENAILDRIVINGITINTOTHEWOOD

#!,#5,!4).'+).%4)#%.%2'9

9OUCANCALCULATETHEKINETICENERGYOFANOBJECTBY
USINGTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATION

KINETICENERGY????
M


4HEMISTHEOBJECTSMASSINKILOGRAMS4HEISTHE
OBJECTSSPEED4HEKINETICENERGYOFANOBJECTISLARGEIF

sTHEOBJECTHASALARGEMASSOR
sTHEOBJECTISMOVINGFAST

BVi];dXjh

 #ALCULATE 7HATISTHE

KINETICENERGYOFAKG
HAMMERTHATHITSTHEmOORAT
ASPEEDOFMS

7HATISTHEKINETICENERGYOFACARTHATHASAMASSOF
KGANDISMOVINGATASPEEDOFMS
3TEP7RITETHEEQUATIONFORKINETICENERGY

KINETICENERGY????
M


3TEP0LACEVALUESINTOTHEEQUATIONANDSOLVE
KGMS 
KINETICENERGY??????????????????

*




4HEKINETICENERGYOFTHECARIS*

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME
3%#4)/.

#LASS

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED

7HAT)S0OTENTIAL%NERGY
!NOBJECTDOESNOTHAVETOBEMOVINGTOHAVEENERGY
0OTENTIALENERGYISTHEENERGYANOBJECTHASBECAUSEOFITS
POSITION4HISKINDOFENERGYISHARDERTOSEEBECAUSEWEDO
NOTSEETHEENERGYATWORK)NTHEFIGUREBELOWWHENTHEBOW
ISPULLEDBACKITHASPOTENTIALENERGY7ORKHASBEENDONEON
ITANDTHATWORKHASBEENTURNEDINTOPOTENTIALENERGY

2%!$).'#(%#+
 )DENTIFY 7HATCAUSES
ANOBJECTTOHAVEPOTENTIAL
ENERGY

4HEBOWANDTHESTRINGHAVEENERGYTHAT
ISSTOREDASPOTENTIALENERGY7HENTHE
MANLETSGOOFTHESTRINGTHEPOTENTIAL
ENERGYDOESWORKONTHEARROW

$SJUJDBM
5IJOLJOH
 )NFER 7HATWOULDTHE
MANNEEDTODOTOGIVETHE
ARROWMOREPOTENTIALENERGY

'2!6)4!4)/.!,0/4%.4)!,%.%2'9

7HENYOULIFTANOBJECTYOUDOWORKONIT9OUMOVE
ITINANOPPOSITEDIRECTIONFROMTHEFORCEOFGRAVITY!S
YOULIFTTHEOBJECTYOUTRANSFERENERGYTOTHEOBJECTAND
GIVEITGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGY4HEAMOUNTOF
GRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYOFANOBJECTDEPENDSON
THEOBJECTSWEIGHTANDITSDISTANCEFROMTHEGROUND
#!,#5,!4).''2!6)4!4)/.!,0/4%.4)!,%.%2'9

4HEGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYOFANOBJECTCANBE
DETERMINEDBYUSINGTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATION
GRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYWEIGHTHEIGHT
4HEWEIGHTISINNEWTONS. ANDTHEHEIGHTISIN
METERSM 'RAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYISWRITTENIN
NEWTONMETERS.M 4HISISTHESAMEASAJOULE* 
,ETSDOACALCULATION7HATISTHEGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIAL
ENERGYOFABOOKWITHAWEIGHTOF.ATAHEIGHTOFMOFF
THEGROUND

BVi];dXjh

 #ALCULATE 7HATISTHE

POTENTIALENERGYOFA.
ROCKCLIMBERSTANDINGM
FROMTHEBASEOFAROCKWALL

3TEPGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYWEIGHTHEIGHT
3TEPGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGY.M
*
4HEBOOKNOWHAS*OFPOTENTIALENERGY
#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME
3%#4)/.

#LASS

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED

7HAT)S-ECHANICAL%NERGY

2%!$).'#(%#+

,OOKATTHEFIGUREBELOW!LLTHEENERGYINTHEJUGGLERS
PINSISINTHEFORMOFMECHANICALENERGY-ECHANICAL
ENERGYISTHETOTALENERGYOFMOTIONANDPOSITIONOFAN
OBJECT)NOTHERWORDSITISTHEKINETICENERGYPLUSTHE
POTENTIALENERGYOFANOBJECT

 )DENTIFY !DDINGWHATTWO

ENERGIESGIVESTHEMECHANICAL
ENERGYOFANOBJECT

"

0OTENTIAL
ENERGY
INCREASES

+INETICENERGY
INCREASES

M:D>:EHHD
 )DENTIFY )NTHElGURE
CIRCLETHEPINWITHTHEMOST
POTENTIALENERGY

4HEMECHANICALENERGYINTHEJUGGLERS
PINSISEQUALTOTHEKINETICENERGYPLUS
ITSPOTENTIALENERGY

-%#(!.)#!,%.%2'9).!*5'',%230).

JXp@k
$ISCUSS 3UPPOSEABATTER
HITSAPOP UPINBASEBALLTHAT
GOESSTRAIGHTUP7ITHAPART
NERDISCUSSTHECHANGESIN
KINETICANDPOTENTIALENERGY
ASTHEBALLLEAVESTHEBATAND
RISESTOITSHIGHESTHEIGHT

4HEMECHANICALENERGYOFANOBJECTDOESNTCHANGE
UNLESSENERGYISTRANSFERREDTOORFROMANOTHEROBJECT
,OOKAGAINATTHEFIGUREOFTHEJUGGLER4HEJUGGLER
MOVESTHEPINBYDOINGWORKONIT(EGIVESTHEPIN
KINETICENERGY7HENHELETSGOOFTHEPINTHEPINS
KINETICENERGYCHANGESINTOPOTENTIALENERGY!STHEPIN
GOESUPITSLOWSDOWN7HENALLOFTHEPINSKINETIC
ENERGYISTURNEDINTOPOTENTIALENERGYITSTOPSGOINGUP
7HENTHEPINSTARTSTOFALLITSENERGYISMOSTLYPOTEN
TIALENERGY!SITFALLSTHEPOTENTIALENERGYISCHANGED
BACKINTOKINETICENERGY!TDIFFERENTTIMESTHEPINMAY
HAVEMOREKINETICENERGYORMOREPOTENTIALENERGY4HE
TOTALMECHANICALENERGYATANYPOINTISALWAYSTHESAME

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME
3%#4)/.

#LASS

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED

7HAT!RETHE/THER&ORMSOF%NERGY
%NERGYCANBEINAFORMOTHERTHANMECHANICALENERGY
4HEOTHERENERGYFORMSARETHERMALCHEMICALELECTRICAL
SOUNDLIGHTANDNUCLEARENERGY!LLOFTHESEENERGY
FORMSARECONNECTEDINSOMEWAYTOKINETICENERGYAND
POTENTIALENERGY
4(%2-!,%.%2'9

-ATTERISMADEOFPARTICLESTHATAREMOVING4HESE
PARTICLESHAVEKINETICENERGY4HERMALENERGYISALLTHE
KINETICENERGYFROMTHEMOVEMENTOFTHEPARTICLESINAN
OBJECT
4HEFIGUREBELOWSHOWSTHETHERMALENERGYOFPARTICLES
ATDIFFERENTTEMPERATURES0ARTICLESMOVEFASTERATHIGHER
TEMPERATURESTHANATLOWERTEMPERATURES4HEFASTERTHE
PARTICLESMOVETHEGREATERTHEIRKINETICENERGYANDTHER
MALENERGYARE

2%!$).'#(%#+
 $ESCRIBE 7HATISTHERMAL
ENERGY

4HE4HERMAL%NERGYIN7ATER

C

4HEPARTICLESINANICE
CUBEVIBRATEINlXEDPO
SITIONSANDDONOTHAVEA
LOTOFKINETICENERGY

4HEPARTICLESINWATERIN
ALAKECANMOVEMORE
FREELYANDHAVEMORE
KINETICENERGYTHANWATER
PARTICLESINICEDO


 

0 '

.%

4HEPARTICLESINWATERIN
STEAMMOVERAPIDLYSO
THEYHAVEMOREENERGY
THANPARTICLESINLIQUID
WATERDO

#(%-)#!,%.%2'9

#HEMICALCOMPOUNDSSUCHASSUGARSALTANDWATER

STOREENERGY4HESECOMPOUNDSAREMADEOFMANYATOMS
THATAREHELDTOGETHERBYCHEMICALBONDS7ORKISDONE
TOJOINTHEATOMSTOGETHERTOFORMTHESEBONDS#HEMICAL
ENERGYISTHEENERGYSTOREDINTHECHEMICALBONDSTHAT
HOLDTHECOMPOUNDSTOGETHER#HEMICALENERGYISATYPE
OFPOTENTIALENERGYBECAUSEITDEPENDSONTHEPOSITIONOF
THEATOMSINTHECOMPOUND

2%!$).'#(%#+
 )DENTIFY #HEMICAL
ENERGYISAFORMOFWHAT
TYPEOFENERGY

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME
3%#4)/.

#LASS

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED
%,%#42)#!,%.%2'9

34!.$!2$3#(%#+
03D %LECTRICALCIRCUITSPROVIDE
AMEANSOFTRANSFERRINGELECTRICAL
ENERGYWHENHEATLIGHTSOUND
ANDCHEMICALCHANGESARE
PRODUCED

 $ESCRIBE (OWDOESAN

AMPLIlERMAKESOUND

9OUUSEELECTRICALENERGYEVERYDAY%LECTRICALOUTLETS
INYOURHOMEALLOWYOUTOUSETHISENERGY%LECTRICAL
ENERGYISTHEENERGYOFMOVINGPARTICLESCALLEDELECTRONS
%LECTRONSARETHENEGATIVELYCHARGEDPARTICLESOFATOMS
7HATHAPPENSWHENYOUPLUGANELECTRICALDEVICE
SUCHASANAMPLIFIERSHOWNINTHEFIGUREBELOWINTOAN
OUTLET9OUUSEELECTRICALENERGY4HEELECTRONSINTHE
WIRESMOVETOTHEAMPLIFIER4HEMOVINGELECTRONSDO
WORKONTHESPEAKERINTHEAMPLIFER4HISMAKESTHE
SOUNDTHATYOUHEARFROMTHEAMPLIFIER
%LECTRICALENERGYHASBOTHKINETICENERGYANDPOTENTIAL
ENERGY7HENELECTRICALENERGYRUNSTHROUGHAWIREIT
USESITSKINETICENERGY%LECTRICALENERGYTHATISWAITINGTO
BEUSEDISPOTENTIALENERGY4HISPOTENTIALENERGYISINTHE
WIREBEFOREYOUPLUGINANELECTRICALAPPLIANCE

M:D>:EHHD
 )DENTIFY 7HATISTHE
ENERGYSOURCEFORTHEAMPLIlER
7HATKINDOFENERGYIS
TRANSMITTEDBYTHEGUITAR
4HEMOVEMENTOFELECTRONSPRODUCES
THEELECTRICALENERGYTHATANAMPLIlER
ANDTHEMICROPHONEUSETOPRODUCE
SOUND

!STHEGUITARSTRINGSVIBRATETHEYCAUSE
PARTICLESINTHEAIRTOVIBRATE4HESE
VIBRATIONSTRANSMITSOUNDENERGY

3/5.$%.%2'9

3OUNDENERGYISTHEENERGYFROMAVIBRATINGOBJECT
6IBRATIONSARESMALLMOVEMENTSOFPARTICLESOFANOBJECT
)NTHEFIGUREABOVETHEGUITARPLAYERPULLSONTHEGUI
TARSTRING4HISGIVESTHESTRINGPOTENTIALENERGY7HEN
SHELETSGOOFTHESTRINGTHEPOTENTIALENERGYTURNSINTO
KINETICENERGY4HISMAKESTHESTRINGVIBRATE
7HENTHEGUITARSTRINGVIBRATESSOMEOFITSKINETIC
ENERGYMOVESTONEARBYAIRPARTICLES4HESEVIBRATINGAIR
PARTICLESCAUSESOUNDENERGYTOTRAVEL7HENTHESOUND
ENERGYREACHESYOUREARYOUHEARTHESOUNDOFTHEGUITAR
#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME

#LASS

3%#4)/.

$ATE

7HAT)S%NERGYCONTINUED

,)'(4%.%2'9

,IGHTHELPSYOUSEEBUTNOTALLLIGHTCANBESEEN
7EUSELIGHTINMICROWAVESBUTWEDONOTSEEIT,IGHT
ENERGYISMADEFROMVIBRATIONSOFELECTRICALLYCHARGED
PARTICLES,IGHTENERGYISLIKESOUNDENERGY4HEYBOTH
HAPPENBECAUSEPARTICLESVIBRATE(OWEVERLIGHTENERGY
DOESNTNEEDPARTICLESTOTRAVEL4HISMAKESITDIFFERENT
THANSOUNDENERGY,IGHTENERGYCANMOVETHROUGHA
VACUUMWHICHISANAREAWHERETHEREISNOMATTER
-ICROWAVE/VEN

M:D>:EHHD

4HEENERGYUSEDTOCOOKFOODINAMICROWAVEISAFORMOF

 )DENTIFY #OMPLETETHE

SENTENCEFOUNDINTHElGURE



.5#,%!2%.%2'9

!NOTHERKINDOFENERGYISSTOREDINTHENUCLEUSOF
ANATOM4HISENERGYISNUCLEARENERGY4HISENERGYIS
STOREDASPOTENTIALENERGY
4HEREARETWOWAYSNUCLEARENERGYCANBEGIVENOFFBY
ANUCLEUS7HENTWOORMORESMALLNUCLEIJOINTOGETHER
THEYGIVEOFFENERGYINAREACTIONCALLEDFUSION4HESUNS
LIGHTANDHEATCOMEFROMFUSIONREACTIONS
4HESECONDWAYNUCLEARENERGYISGIVENOFFISWHENA
NUCLEUSSPLITSAPART4HISPROCESSISKNOWNASFISSION,ARGE
NUCLEILIKEURANIUMCANBEBROKENAPARTWITHFISSION&ISSION
ISUSEDTOCREATEELECTRICALENERGYATNUCLEARPOWERPLANTS
/UR3UN

7ITHOUT

2%!$).'#(%#+
 #OMPARE (OWDONUCLEAR
FUSIONANDlSSIONDIFFER

THATGIVES
THESUNITSENERGYLIFEON%ARTHWOULDNOT
BEPOSSIBLE

M:D>:EHHD
 )DENTIFY #OMPLETETHE
SENTENCEFOUNDINTHElGURE

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES

.AME

#LASS

3ECTION2EVIEW

$ATE

.3%3

03ADEF

3%#4)/.6/#!"5,!29
ENERGY THECAPACITYTODOWORK
KINETICENERGY THEENERGYOFANOBJECTTHATIS
DUETOTHEOBJECTSMOTION

MECHANICALENERGY THEAMOUNTOFWORKAN
OBJECTCANDOBECAUSEOFTHEOBJECTSKINETIC
ANDPOTENTIALENERGIES
POTENTIALENERGY THEENERGYTHATANOBJECTHAS
BECAUSEOFTHEPOSITIONSHAPEORCONDITIONOF
THEOBJECT

)DENTIFY !NOBJECTSKINETICENERGYDEPENDSONTWOTHINGS7HATARETHEY

#ALCULATE !BOOKWEIGHS.ANDISPLACEDONASHELFTHATISMFROMTHE

GROUND7HATISTHEGRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGYOFTHEBOOK3HOWYOURWORK

#ALCULATE 7HATISTHEKINETICENERGYOFAKGBUSTHATISMOVINGATMS

3HOWYOURWORK

%XPLAIN !GIRLISJUMPINGONATRAMPOLINE7HENSHEISATTHETOPOFHERJUMPHER

MECHANICALENERGYISINWHATFORM%XPLAINWHY

)DENTIFY (OWARESOUNDENERGYANDLIGHTENERGYSIMILAR

#ONCLUDE 7HICHTYPEOFNUCLEARREACTIONISMOREIMPORTANTFORLIFEON%ARTH

%XPLAINWHY

#OPYRIGHTBY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK



%NERGYAND%NERGY2ESOURCES