Comparison

1. EQUALITIVE:
IS
USED
IN
COMPARISON
OF A SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTIC, BIG, CHEAP, CLEAR, COLD, EASY, HARD, LIGHT,
LITTLE. . .

Noun
Marys Job
The meat at the supermarket

Verb
Is
Is not

As Adjective As
As
As

Hard
Expensive

As
As

Noun
Bills
That at a butcher shop

2. COMPARATIVE
A/ Short adjectives, one-syllable adjectives form the comparative by using er after the
form. Two syllable adjectives which end in y form the coparative by changing the y to i
and adding er
Example: the bill which we received was highter than the estimates
Ellen has been happier lately than she was when she was first came
The climate here iw milder than that of New England
B/ Long adjectives; two and more than two-syllable adjectives form the comparative by
using more or less before the adjective form
Example:
This room is more spacious than the other one
The books for my engineering course more expensive than thoes for my other courses
The diesel engine that runs on oil is more efficient than most other engines
Irregular adjectives

Adjectives
Bad
Good
Far
Little
Many
Much

Comparative
Worse
Better
Farther/further
Less
More
More

Superlative
The worst
The best
The farthest/furthest
The least
The most
The most

Example:
This ice-cream is better than the other brands
The lad is farther/further from the bus stop than the library
Please give me more sugar than you did last time
This composition is worse than your last one
3. SUPERLATIVE: ARE USED TO COMPARE MORE THAN TWO THINGS OR
PEOPLE
A/ Short adjectives: form by using the before adjective forms and adding est after
adjectives
Example:
Shes the prettest of all of the girls in our class
Of all of the candidats, Alex is probably the leat qualified
B/ Long adjectives: form by using the most before adjectives forms
Example:
New York is the most populous city of all American cities
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In my opionion, the most beautifule place in the North of Vietnam is Ha Long Bay
Although there are a number of interesting findings, the most significant results are in the
abstract
4. EXACT SIMILARITY: THE SAME AS AND THE SAME
The same as and the same have the same meaning, but the same as is used between the two
nouns compared, and the same is used after the two nouns or a plural noun
Examples:
This coat is the same as that one
That car is almost the same as mine
The teacher gave Martha a failing grade one composition because it was the same as a
composition he had read
This coat and that one are the same
My briefcase and yours are exactly the same
These coats are the same
5. GENERAL SIMILARITY: SIMILAR TO AND SIMILAR, LIKE AND ALIKE
Similar to and similar have the same meaning, but similar to is used between the two
nouns compared and similar is used after the two nouns or a plural noun

Noun

Verb

This restaurant

Similar to

Is

Noun

Similar to

And

All of the other departments

These houses

That one

Noun

And

Noun

Noun

This one

Verb
Are

Verb

similar

Are

similar

similar
similar

LIKE AND ALIKE

Your recipe for chicken and recipe that my mother has are alike
Your recipe for chicken is like a recipe that my mother has
The weather feels like spring
Mary and her sister dont look alike
6. SPECIFIC SIMILARITY: QUALITY NOUNS
A/ Quality nouns: is used in comparisons of a specific characteristic: age, color, height,
length, price, size, stype, weight

Noun

Verb

She
This one
Please

Is
Isnt
Cut my hair

The same
The same
The same
The same

Noun-quality As
Age
Size
Style

As
As
As

Noun
My mother
The rest one
In this magazine

7. GENERAL DIFERENCE: DIFFERENCE FROM, DIFFERENT, TO DIFER

FROM
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Different from and different have the same meaning, but different from is used
between the two nouns compared, and different is used after two nouns or a plural

Noun
Time magazine

And
And

Noun

Verb

New York

Noun

Are

Different in several ways

Verb

These apartment
Are
Long distance telephone Are
rates for day time hours
The watch in the window and Is a little
this one

Noun

dirrerent
Different

Quite different
Different from rates for
night time
Different

Differ from

Noun

Sharoon

Differ from

Other women I know

The campus at State University

Differ from

That of City College

8. COMPARATIVE ESTIMATES-MULTIPLE NUMBERS, MORE THAN AND

LESS THAN, AS MANY AS
A/ Multiple numbers: half, twice, three times. . .

S+V

Multiple

As

Much/many

As

Noun or S + V

Example:
Fresh fruit cost twice as much as canned fruit
This one is prettier, but it costs twice as much as the other one
The rent at College Apartment is only half as much as you pay here
The price was very reasonable, I would gladly have paid three times as much as he asked

S+V

More than/less than

Number

noun

Example:
Steve has more than a thousand coins in his collection
Andy has less than a dozen coins in his pocket
More than one hundred people came to the meeting
There are more than fifty students in the lab, but only two computers
9. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES:
When two comparatives are used together, the first comparative expresses cause and
the second expresses result. A comparative is more or less with and adjective, or and
adjective with er

The + comparative + subject + verb, the + comparative + subject + verb

Example:
The more you study during the semester, the less you have to study the week before exams
The faster we finish, the sooner we can leave
The less one earns, the less one must pay in income tax

Cumulative review exercise for comparatives

Part A
1. One object will not be the same weight than another object because the gravitational
attraction differs from place to place on the earths surface.
2. An identical twin is always the same sex his or her twin because they develop from the
same zygote
3. We finished the test more rapidly of all
4. As many 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way
5. The valuablest information we currently have on the ocean floor is that which was
obtained by oceanographic satellites such as Seasat
6. Compared with numbers fifty years ago, there are twice more students in collage today
7. The oxygen concentration in the lungs is higher than the blood
8. Since the earth is spherical, the larger the area, the worser the distortion on a flat map
9. The eyes of an octopus are remarkably similar to that of a human being
10. The terms used in one text book may be different from another text
11. In 1980, residential utility bills were as high sixteen hundred dollars a month in New
England
12. When the ratio of gear teeth is five: one, the small gear rotates five times as fast the large
gear
13. Although lacking in calcium and vitamin A, grains have most carbohydrates than any
other food
14. The classes at my university are very different from State University
15. The more narrow the lens diameter, the more great the depth of field
16. No fingerprint is exactly alike another
17. The English that is spoken in Canada is similar to the United States
18. There is disagreement among industrialiss as to whether the products of this decade are
inferior the past
19. The time in New York differs three hours from Los Angeles
20. The period is probably the most easiest punctuation mark to use
21. When mental replaced wood in the construction of ships hulls, more strong and larger
ships could be build
22. Charcoal is the most commonly used cooking fuel in the world
23. I wish we could see each other most frequently
24. Soft solder melts at a low temperature than ordinary older
25. Many of the nations most important documents are stored in the National Archives
Building in Washington DC.
26. The surfboards used twenty-five years ago were more heavier than the ones used by
surfers today
27. Few American politicians have spoken most eloquently William Jennings
28. Subterranean termites are the more destructive type of termites in the United States
29. Prince Edward Island is the less populous of Canadas ten provinces
30. During a depression, economic conditions are far worst than they are during a recession
31. One of the more basic American contributions to technology was the so-called
American system. Of interchangeable machine parts
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32. The horse chestnut has a stronger, bitter taste than other chestnuts
33. The higher the solar activity, the intense the auroras or polar light displays in the skies
near the earths geomagnetic poles.
34. Chicagos Field Museum is one of the largest and better known natural history museums
in the United States
35. These photographs are very good, but that one is the better of all
36. Baltimore has one of the worlds most finest natural harbors
37. The Kenedy-Nixon race of 1960 was he closest presidential election of this century
38. The louder he shouted, less he convinced everyone
39. The finback whale is the fastest of all whales, and only the blue whale is largest
40. The cello is shorter and more slender than the double bass
41. Oil floats on water because oil is less dense than water
42. The more you practice speaking, the well you will do it
43. Basketball is played at a much fast pace than baseball
44. The deep oceans contain some of the stranger of all living creatures
45. The most small vessels in the circulatory system are capillaries
46. North America is the third larger of the seven continents
47. Pikes Peak, named for explorer Zebulon Pike, is Colorados most famous but not its most
highest mountain
48. Gold tapaz is much rare than either white or blue topaz
49. The more you study during the semester, the lesser you have to study the week before the
exams
50. State University offers as much as two hundred major fields of study
51. The new model costs twice more than last years model
52. Even through Miss Alabama lost the beauty contest, she was still more prettier than the
other girls in the Miss America pageant
53. When a patients blood pressure is much high than it should be, a doctor usually insists
that he not smoke
54. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects us.
55. One of the more influent newspapers in US is the New York times chlorination of water
sources
56. The bridge at Niagara Falls spans the longer unguarded border in the history of the world
Part B
1. Wild strawberries are . . . . . . . . . as cultivated strawberries
A. not so sweet
B. not as sweet
C. less sweet
D. not as sweeter
2. Sea . . . . . . . . . fresh water bass
A. are larger than
B. are larger the
3. are as large
D. are large
3. Automobiles, air planes, and buses use more energy per passenger . . . . . . . . .
A. as do trains
B. than trains do
C. trains do
D. like trains
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4. The larger a drop of water, . . . . . . . . . freezing temperature

A. the higher its
B. its higher
C. higher than its
D. higher of its
5. . . . . . . . . . San Diego and San Francisco, Los Angeles has no natural harbor
A. dissimilar
B. unlike
C. dislike
D. different
6. The water of the Great Salt Lake is . . . . . . . . . seawater
A. saltier than that of
B. as salty as that of
C. saltier than
D. so saltier as
7. A psychosis is a severe mental disorder, . . . . . . . . . than a neurosis
A. the most serious
B. as serious
C. more serious
D. as though serious
8. The social system of bumblebees is not as complex . . . . . . . . .
A. than honeybees
B. as honeybees
C. that honeybees are
D. as that of honeybees
9. The administration of private colleges is nearly . . . . . . . . . that of public colleges
A. same
B. just as
C. the same as
D. similar
10. . . . . . . . . .a river on land, an ocean current doesnt flow in a straightline
A. same
B. just as
C. the same as
D. similar
11. The skin temperature of humans is . . . . . . . . . their internal temperature
A. not high as
B. not so high
C. as low
D. lower than
12. A butterfly . . . . . . . . . a month in a number of ways
A. is different from
B. is different
C. the different is
D. differing from
13. . . . . . . . . . the worse I seem to feel
A. when I take more medicine
B. the more medicine I take
C. Taking more of the medicine
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D. More medicine taken

14. We will have to be careful not get our suitcases mixed up because yours is almost the
same . . . . . . . . . mine
A. like
B. to
C. as
D. that
15. My new glasses cost me . . . . . . . . . the last pair that I brought
A. times three
B. three times more
C. three times as much as
D. as much three time as
16. Although she is very popular, she is not . . . . . . . . . her sister
A. pretty as
B. as pretty
C. prettier than
D. more pretty than
17. This new soap is not much . . . . . . . . . the others that I have tried
A. different
B. different from
C. different than
D. different that
18. Ms Jones isnt as nice . . . . . . . . . Ms Smith
A. as
B. for
C. like
D. to
19. the rooms in Graduate Towers are . . . . . . . . . Patteson Hall
A. Larger than
B. Larger than that of
C. Larger than those in
D. Larger than in
20. The final will be . . . . . . . . . the midterm
A. alike
B. like
C. the same
D. similar
21. they are . . . . . . . . . my neighbors
A. more friendlier than
B. friendly than
C. friendlier as
D. friendlier than
22. tuition at an American university runs . . . . . . . . . six thousand dollars a semester
A. so high as
B. as high as
C. as high to
D. as high than
23. . . . . . . . . . I get to know her, the more I like her
A. for more
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B. more
C. the more
D. the most
24. I would have paid . . . . . . . . . for my car if the salesmen had insisted, because I really
wanted it
A. as much twice
B. much twice
C. twice as much
D. times two
25. . . . . . . . . . 1000 species of finch have been identified
A. as many a
B. as many
C. as much as
D. much as
26. The observation desk at the World Trade Center . . . . . . . . . in the New York
A. Is highest than any other one
B. Is higher than any other one
C. Is highest that any other one
D. Is higher that any one other
27. The salary of a bus driver is much higher . . . . . . . . .
A. in comparison with the salary of a teacher
B. than a teacher
C. than that of a teacher
D. to compare as a teacher
28. Frost occurs in valley and on low grounds . . . . . . . . . on adjacent hills
A. more frequently as
B. as frequently than
C. more frequently than
D. frequently than
29. Staying in a hotel costs . . . . . . . . . renting a room in a dormitory for a week
A. twice more than
B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as
D. as much at twice
30. The consistency of protoplasm and that of glue . . . . . . . . .
A. they are alike
B. are similar to
C. are similar
D. the same
31. Although exact statistics vary because of political changes, . . . . . . . . . separate nation
states are included in the official lists at any one time.
A. more than two hundred
B. as much as two hundred
C. many as two hundred
D. most that two hundred
32. A dolphin . . . . . . . . . a porpoise in that it has a longer nose
A. different
B. differs
C. different than
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D. differs from
33. The seed heads of teasel plants raise the nap on coarse tweed cloth . . . . . . . . . than do the
machine tools invented to replace them
A. more efficiently
B. efficiently
C. more efficient
D. most efficient

Idiomatic expression and two word verb

Lesson 1
1. above all ; most importantly
2. about to ; almost ready to
3. add up ; make sense; be logical
4. all at once ; suddenly; without warning
5. all of a sudden ; all at one, suddenly
6. as a matter of fact ; in reality, actually
7. as a rule ; generally, customarily
8. at the drop of a hat ; quickly, without any
preparation time
9. at ease ; not nervous, calm
10. back out of ; withdraw an offer
11. be my guest ; do what you want; feel free;
help yourself
12. by rusty ; need practice or review
13. beats me ; I dont know, I have no idea
14. better off ; in an improved condition
15. bite off more than one can chew ; take on
more responsibility than one can handle
16. bound to ; certain to; sure to
17. break down ; stop functioning a machine
18. break in; interrupt
19. break the ice ; break through social barriers
20. break the news ; inform; give bad news
21. break up ; end
22. break up with ; stop being a couple
23. a breeze ; something very simple and easy
to do
24. bring about ; cause to happen
25. bring up ; raise a child or introduce a topic
26. brush up on ; review, study, practice
27. bump into ; meet unexpectedly, run into
28. by and large ; mostly, generally, on the
whole
29. by heart; by memory, learned word for word
30. by no means ; in no way, not at all
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Quan trng nht

Hu nh sn sng
Mt cch logic
t nhin, khng thng bo
t nhin, khng thng bo
Thc t
Thng thng, nhn chung
Nhanh chng, khng c s chun b

: Khng hi hp, bnh tnh

: Tr li li mi
: T nhin nh!
:
:
:
:

Cn luyn tp hoc xem xt

Ti khng bit, ti khng c kin
Ci thin tnh hnh
Lm vic g qu sc

:
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:

Sn sng, chc chn

Hng
Ct ngang, lm gin on
Lm tan khng kh cng thng
Thng bo thng l tin xu
Kt thc
Chia tay
D

:
:
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:

Nguyn nhn
Dy d
n tp
Gp g tnh c
Hu nh

: Hc thuc
: Khng cn cch no

: Tin tng vo ai

31. count on, bank on

EXERCISE: fill in the blanks in the sentences or dialogs with idioms from the above list;
there will be one word per blank. It may be necessary to change verb forms in order for the
sentence to be grammatically correct
1. Can you talk now No, Im . . . . . . . . . . go to the grocery store, but Ill call you as
soon as I get back
2. You are probably too tired to play another game of racquetball, right? Im not that
tired, really . . . . .
....
......
.....
. . . . . . Id enjoy another game
3. Will you support my proposal at the meeting? certainly. You can . . . . . . . . . . my
support
4. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George Ann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
our conversation
5. I understand Diane lost her job. yes, but shes actually . . . . . . . . . .she found a more
interesting job with higher salary
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carlos is very punctual, but she sure was late tonight.
7. My car . . . . . . . . . . last week, and I had to take the bus to work until it was repaired
8. I was taking a quiet walk last night when . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .there was a loud
explosion
9. Kent is . . . . . . . . . . fail that class if he doesnt start studying
10. They . . . . . . . . . . their children to be honest
11. There were a few things I didnt like about Professor Wongs class,
but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I enjoyed it
12. I think Matthew was cheating on that quiz that doesnt . . . . . . . . . .why should the
best student in the class cheat?
13. Can I have another sandwich? sure, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I made plenty
14. Actors and actresses must know their lines . . . . . . . . . .
15. If you dont want to talk about this problem, why did you . . . . . it . . . . .?
16. Many accidents are . . . . . . . . . . by carelessness
17. Their team won the game, but they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dominated it. It was a very
close game
18. What a boring party. No one is talking to one another May be we should put on some
music and start dancing. That might . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19. Have you studied Spanish before? yes, but its been years since I took a Spanish class,
so Ill need to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .it before I go to Venezuela
20. youre taking five classes this term? yes, and Im having trouble getting caught up.
Im afraid I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . this time
21. Youre all packed and ready to go, I see. I could leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... .....
22. Do you know what the name of this street is? . . . . . . . . . . this is the first time Ive
ever been in this town
23. Hows that biology class youre taking? so far, its been . . . . . . . . . . Weve just
been going over things I studied last semester
24. What time did the pardy . . . . . . . . . . last nigh? I dont know. It was still going on
when I went home
25. I was awfully nervous when I gave that speech. really? You hid it well. I thought you
were completely . . . . . . . . . .
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Lesson 2
1. Call it a day ; stop working for the day, go home
2. Call off ; cancel
3. Call on ; visit
4. Calm down ; relax
5. Care for; take care of; feel affection for
6. Catch on to ; understand, learn
7. Catch up with ; go as fast as, catch
8. Check out of ; leave a hotel; take material from library
9. Check into; to register
10. Cheer up ; become cheerful, be happy
11. Chip in ; contribute
12. Clear up ; clarify, make understandable, become nice to
agree with
13. Come across ; find, meet, encounter
14. Come round to ; begin to change ones opinion, begin to
agree with
15. Come down with ; become sick with
16. Come up with ; think of
17. Cost an arm and a leg ; be very expensive
18. Count on ; depend on, rely on, bank on
19. Count out ; eliminate, no longer consider as a factor
20. Cut off ; stop, discontinue
21. Cut out for ; have an aptitude for

:
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Ngh
Hu
Thm, ving
Bnh tnh, th gin
Chm sc cho
Hiu
Bt kp
Ri khi khch sn
Lm th tc
Vui v ln, hng hi ln, phn
khi
ng gp
Lm cho r rng, lm cho
sng t
Tm, gp g
Thay i kin ai

:
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Chn ngy vi
Ngh v
Rt t
Ph thuc vo, tin tng vo
Kt thc
Dng
C kh nng lm vic g

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EXERCISE: Fill in the blanks in the sentence or dialogue with idiom from the above list.
There will be one word per blank. It may be necessary to change the verb form in order for
the sentence to be grammatically correct.
1. The reception in the garden was . . . . . . . . . . because of a thunderstorm
2. Dont get so excited just . . . . . . . . . . and tell us what happened
3. I was looking up some information in the almanac when I . . . . . . . . . . an interesting
fact
4. I can . . . . . . . . . . my car. Its very dependable and never breaks down
5. How did you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . such a strange idea?
6. I arrived in town last nigh at seven thirty and . . . . . . . . . . my hotel room at around
eight. This morning I plan to . . . . . . . . . . at about nine
7. Did you rent this videotape? no, I . . . . . it . . . . . . . . . . the library
8. You looked tired. Why dont we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and finish up tomorrow?
9. It wont be too expensive to buy? Professor Mc Millen a present if we all . . . . . . . . . .
his electricity
10. I dont understand this theorem at all. talk to professor Adler. Ill best she can . . . . . . .
. . . your confusion
11. If Arthur doesnt pay his electric bill soon, the utilities company might . . . . . . . . . . his
electricity
12. Who . . . . . . . . . . your cat while you were out of town?
13. A good stereo system doesnt have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
can find one for a reasonable price
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14. Cauliflower isnt my favorite vegetable. In fact, I dont . . . . . . . . . . it at all

15. Im depressed. I didnt do very well on this quiz . . . . . . . . . . that quiz only counted
for 10 percent of the total grade. And I am sure youll do better on the other tests
16. How did Eric do in the cross-country ski race? he got off to a bad start, and so he
nerver . . . . . . . . . . the leading skiers
17. Why did Brenda drop out of business school? she decided she
wasnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a career in business. She is going to study art instead
18. this song wasnt very popular when it was first recorded but now its starting
to . . . . . . . . . .
19. Your room-mate is still planning to vote for Smithson for president of the Student
Council? yes, but Im going to keep talking to him. I think eventually
hell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our point of view and vote for Brannigan
20. that saleswomen . . . . . . . . . . her clients at least once a month because she thinks
personal contact is important
21. Is it still raining? No, the rain has stopped. And its starting to . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson 3
1. Day in and day out ; constantly, for a long time

: Ngy ny sang ngy khc, ni tip

nhau
2. Die down ; become less severe; quiet down
: Yn tnh
3. Do over ; do again; repeat
: Lp li
4. Do without; not have
: Khng c
5. Down the drain; wasted, done for no reason
: Lng ph, lm vic g khng c l
do
6. Dream up ; invent, think of, come up with
: Pht minh
7. Drop in ; visit informally
: Thm (bn thn, ngi thn)
8. Drop someone a line ; send someone a letter
: Gi th cho ai
9. Drop off ; leave something, take someone home, : Ri b th g
let someone out of a car
10. Drop out of ; stop attending classes
: B hc
11. Easy as a pie ; very simple; a piece of cake
: D nh bnh nhn to
12. Easy bigger than ones stomach ; said of : Mt to hn bng (No bng i con
someone who takes more food than he or she can
mt)
eat
13. Fall behind ; not move as quickly as, lag behind : Tt li pha sau
14. Fall through ; fail to happen
: Khng xy ra
15. As far cry from ; not similar to, not as good as
: Khng ging nh, khng tt nh
16. Feel free ; do something if one wants
: T nhin, lm g bn mun
17. Feel like ; be inclined to, want to
: Cm thy thch lm vic g
18. Feel like a million dollars ; feel very good
: Tm trng phn chn, tm trng
tt
19. Feel up to ; feel able to do something; ready to
: C th lm vic g
20. Fed up with ; not able to tolerate; disgusted : Chn ngy
with; annoyed with
21. Few and far between ; uncommon and : Khng thng xuyn
inferquent
22. Figure out ; understand, solve
: Hiu
12

EXERCISE
1. It took me hours to . . . . . . . . . . how to record programs on my VCR
2. If you could . . . . . . . . . . the laundry on the way to work. Ill pick it up on Monday
3. What a wonderful masquerade party! People certainly . . . . . . . . . . some interesting
costumes, didnt they?
4. Do you . . . . . . . . . . going out tonight? No, Id rather stay home and read
5. Why have you . . . . . . . . . . in your French class? I was sick and I missed a few
classes. But Im studying hard to catch up
6. Why do we need to get gas now? We have quite a bit left. This highway goes through
some very empty country, and gas station are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Howards teacher wasnt satisfied with the work he had done, so she asker him to . . . . .
it . . . . .
8. Im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my roommates lack of responsibility. He never pays his bills
or his share of the rent on time
9. Isnt your class picnic today? No, our plans for the picnic . . . . . . . . . .
10. The food at that new restaurant isnt bad. Its alright, but its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
food at Mariors. Now that is a great restaurant
11. Ben had to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the university because of financial problems
12. After borrowing furiously, the win finally . . . . . . . . . .
13. Do you telephone friends before you visit, or just . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . them? It
depends. If theyre acquaintances, I generally call first
14. Im tired of the same old routine. I know how you feel. I get tired of doing the same
things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . too
15. Ralph really loaded up his tray with food. Hell never eat it all. Ralphs . . . . .
are . . . . . his . . . . .
16. I need to use a computer for a few hours. . . . . . . . . . . to use laptop computer. I dont
need it this morning
17. Ive missed James since he moved to Seattle. You should . . . . . him . . . . . . . . . .
and let him know how youre doing. Im sure hed love to get a letter from you
LESSON 4
1. Fill in; write in a blank
2. Fill in for; substitute for
3. Fill one in; provide missing information
4. Fill out; complete
5. Find out; learn, discover
6. A fish out of water; someone not in his or her
normal surroundings.
7. Fix up; repair, renovate
8. Follow in ones footsteps; do what someone
else did
9. For good; permanently, forever
10. For the time being; temporarily, for now
11. From out of the blue; unexpectedly, without
warning
12. Get along with; have good relations with
13. Get carried away; go too far, do too much, buy
too much
14. Get in ones blood; become a habit; become
13

in vo
Thay th cho
Cung cp thng tin cn thiu
Hon thnh
Hc, tm ra
Thch nghi vi hon cnh, thch nghi
vi iu kin
: Sa cha
: Lm vic g m ai lm
:
:
:
:
:
:

: Mi mi, lu di
: Tm thi, by gi
: Khng mong i,
: C quan h tt vi
: i qu xa, lm qu nhiu, mua qu
nhiu
: Tr thnh thi quen, tr thnh tp

15.

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

customary
Get in over ones head; take too much
responsibility; bite off more than one can
chew.
Get in the way; block; obstruct
Get in touch with; contact
Get the hang of something; learn how to do
something
Get off; leave a vehicle
Get a kick out of; have fun doing something,
enjoy
Get off the ground; start to be successful
Get on ; board a vehicle
Get over; recover from
Get rid of; discard, no longer have
Get under way; begin, start
Give away; distribute
Give someone a cold shoulder; act unfriendly
toward someone; ignore

qun, i vo mu
: Lm qu sc mnh
: Lm b tc
: Gi lin lc
: Hc cch lm g
: li phng tin
: Thch th, lm vic g bun ci
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

S khi u tt p
Ln xe
Ly li t, ginh li t, tm li c t
Thi hi
Bt u, khi du
ng gp, phn phi
Khng thn thin; b qua

EXERCISE;
1. How did you......... ........ where Warren lives? I just looked it up in my address book
2. Im interested in the job that was advertised in the newspaper. fine, just........ ........
this application form.
3. Dont forget to......... ......... the date on your check.
4. Is Agnes still mad at you? I suppose so. I saw her at a party last weekend, and she
just...........me........... ............ it.
5. Are you moving to Baltimore........... ............? No,
just......... .......... ............ ............ Ill be back here in a month or two.
6. That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazard. Youre right. I
should......... ......... ...........it
7. Some companies......... ............free samples of new products in order to familiarize
consumers with them.
8. Hows that advanced computer class youre taking. Polly. Not so good. I cant
understand a word that the teacher or any of the students are saying I really feel
like........... ........... ........... ........... ............
9. Dont you just hate all this graffiti? Its ugly, Isnt it? Ive never understood why
people......... ........ .......... ........ ..........writing on walls. It doesnt seem like much fun
to me.
10. When the train stopped, a mysterious looking woman in a black raincoat........ .......... the
train and found her seat.
11. Maxwells project will be very successful, I think Oh, I dont know. Im not sure it
will ever........ ........... ........ .........
12. Do you........ ......... ........... your new roommate, or do you two argue?
13. That run down old house that David bought looks terrific. Yes, hes ......... it.........
beautifully, hasnt he?
14. Has Edward.......... ......... .......... .......... you lately? No, he hasnt. I dont think he
has my new telephone number.
15. Will the concert start soon It should......... ......... ......... any minute now.
14

16. Living by the oceans really ......... ..........your........... Once youve lived here, you never
want to leave.
17. This is the last stop. Everyone has to ......... ........... the bus here.
18. Professor Dunbar came down with the flu, so her teaching assistant........ ......... ............
her for a few days.
LESSON 5
1.Give a hand; applaud, clap
2.give a hand with; assist
3. Go easy on; not punish severely
4. Go on with; continue
5. Go with; accompany, look good together,
complement
6. Go without saying; obvious, clear
7. Grow up; to mature, to become an adult
8. Hand in; give back to , return
9. Hand out; distribute
10. Hang out; wait
11. Hard to come by; difficult to find
12. Have on; wear
13.Have ones hand full; be very busy, have a
challenging job
14. Have a heart; be compassionate, show mercy
15. Have a hunch; have an intuitive feeling
16.Have a word with someone; to talk to
someone briefly
17. Have the time of ones life; have fun, have a
great time
18. Hear firsthand from; get information directly
from someone
19. Hear from; be contacted by, be in touch with
20. Hear of; know about, be familiar with
21. Hit if off; become friendly,
22. Hit the road; leave, go away
23. Hold on; wait,
24. Hold on to; grasp
25. Hold still; not move
26. Hold up; delay

:
:
:
:
:

V tay, hoan nghnh

Gip , tr gip
Khng kht khe
Tip tc
i cng vi, b sung

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

rnh mch, hin nhin

trng thnh
quay tr li
giao cho, phn cho
i
rt kh tm
mc
rt bn,

: thng hi
: thuc v trc gic
: ni ngn gn vi ai, li nhn
: Mt thi gian vui thch
: Ly thng tin trc tip t ai
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Gi lin lc bi
Quen vi, bit v
Tr nn thn thin
Ri khi, i khi
i
Nu ly, tm ly, nm c
Khng di chuyn, khng ca quy
Chm tr

EXERCISE;
1. Everest was born in the South but he......... ............ in Michigan.
2. At the beginning of the class, the instructor......... ........ the quizzes and told the students
they had 10 minutes in which to finish.
3. After 10 minutes, the students........ .......... their quizzes to the instructor.
4. Have you ever....... ......... Wiliam Carlos? I believe so. He was a poet, wasnt he?
5. Hello, is Gina there? Yes, ......... ......... a minute and Ill get her.
15

6. Youre graduating next month, right? Yes, but I intend to........ ......... .......... my
studies in graduate school.
7. .......... ............ while I take your photograph. I dont want the picture to be blurry.
8. I get stopped by the police for speeding. I have to pay a big fine. Well, you could
talk to the judge and ask him to reduce it . since youve never been stopped for speeding
before, maybe, hell ........ .......... ....... you.
9. Do you like this blouse? Yes, but I think the gray silk one would........ better.......your
jacket
10. So, Dave is teaching you how to windsurf? Yes, and hes such a good teacher that
Im already ........... ........ .......... .......... it.
11. The audience..........the cast a big.........after their wonderful performance.
12. Do you think Iris will pass the history test? That.......... ........... ........ in fact, shell
probably have the best grade in the class.
13. What......... .......... your flight? There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a
lot of flights.
14. Have you .......... .......... Maureen since she went to Hawaii. Yeah, I got a postcard
from her yesterday. She said shes .......... ........... ......... ..........her..........and never wants
to come home.
15. Can you ...........me........... ........... ............ this luggage? Its too heavy for me to carry by
myself.
16. The wind is starting to blow. Youd better......... ........... ........... your hat.
17. Oh, you bought the new book by Richard Stone. Yes, but that book
is.......... ........... .......... ............I looked for it in three or four bookstores.
18. Its getting late. I d better....... .......... ........... if I want to get home by midnight.
19. Can I .......... ........... ......... ..........you now. Professor Rivera? Ive got to go to class
right now. Drop by my office later and well talk then.
20. You sure bought a lot of groceries. Year, I guest I .......... ........... ........... I should
never go grocery shopping when Im hungry.
LESSON 6
In hot water; in trouble
2. In the dark; not knowing , confused
3. In the long run; over a long period of time
4. In not time; very soon, very quickly
5. In a nutshell; in summary, in brief
6. In the same boat; in the same situation,
having the same problem
7. In person; face to face
8. In store; in the future, coming up
9. Iron out; solve a problem
10. Join the club; have the same problem
11. Jump to conclusions; form opinions without
sufficient evidence
12. Keep an eye on; watch, take care of , look
after
13. Keep an eye out for; look for
14. Keep on with; continue
15. Keep track of; know where something or
1.

16

:
:
:
:
:
:

Trong s phin mun, lo lng

Khng hiu, lng tng
Sau cng, sau rt, kt qu l
Sm nht, rt nhanh
Vn tt, ngn gn
Cng hi cng thuyn

:
:
:
:
:

Mt i mt
Trong tng lai
Gii quyt vn
Vn chung, cng mt vn
T s nh gi khng r rng

: Nhn, chm sc
: Trng h
: Tip tc
: Bit ch ai hoc ch vt g

someone is
16. Keep up with; maintain the same speed as
17. Kill time; spend time doing unimportant
things
18. Know like the back of ones hand; be very
familiar with
19. Lay off; put out of work
20. Learn the ropes; become familiar with, get
used to, get the hang of
21. Leave out; not include, omit
22. Leave someone or something alone; not
disturb
23. Let someone down; disappoint
24. Look after; take care of, mind
25. Let up; decline in intensity
26. Look for; try to locate
27. Look forward to; anticipate with pleasure
28. Look into; investigate
29. In favor of ; support

: Ngang hng vi, khng thua km

: Git thi gian
: Rt quen thuc vi
: T b
: Tr nn quen thuc vi
: B st
: Khng quy ry
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Lm cho ai tht vng

Chm sc
Du i
Tm kim
on trc tng lai
Nghin cu
ng h

EXERCISE;
1. Will you......... ......... ........... ........... my dog while I go in the drug store?
2. Kathys daughter has such short legs that she has a hard time........ .......... .......... the
other children.
3. The store had to.......... ........... a number of clerks because sales were down.
4. You must be anxious to go on your vacation. I certainly am. Im
really......... .......... .......... this trip.
5. Dont ......... .......... ........... may be your jewelry wasnt stolen after all.
6. I need to find a new apartment. there might be some vacancies in the building where
I live. Ill......... .......... ........... ............. ............one.
7. The company may lose some money now, but............ .......... ............ ............,this is a
good investment.
8. Alex complained that no one invited him to any social events and that he
felt............. ..............
9. Can you hurry over here? I need to see you right away. sure, Ill be
there............. .......... ............
10. May I help you, sir? No, Im just looking around and trying to........... some
............until my wife finishes shopping.
11. Has it stopped raining yet? No, but its beginning to ......... ............ a little.
12. I cant go to Daryl party this weekend. I have to study. Guess
were.......... ............ ............. ............. Ive got to study too.:
13. Should we stop and spend the night at this motel? No, lets........... ........... driving for
a few more miles.
14. If you find a baby animal in the woods, dont touch it. Just ...........it .......
15. I .........all over town..........a good used car, but I couldnt find one.
16. Stellas sister............ .............her baby while Stella is at work.
17. If you dont know how to use this software, why dont you ask Joanne to help? I did
ask her, but Im still......... .......... ........... I didnt understand a word she said.
18. The police........... .............. the crime
17

19. Did Amanda ever complete her project? Shes almost finished. She just has a few
minor problems left to ............ ............
20. Alfred is ........... ............ ............. with his boss because he didnt finish an important
project by the decline.
21. Has Marilyn gotten used to her new job at the bank yet? ? It took her awhile, but I
think shes finally.......... ........... ............ there.
22. Are you........... ............. ............ this proposal or against it?
23. Are you familiar with this neighborhood? I grew up here so I ..........
it........... ........... ............. ............ my ..............
24. Is your roommate at home now? I have no idea. I can never........... .......... ............ his
comings and goings
25. I understand that you have a new dean over at the Business School. Yes, his name is
Dean Nishimura. He has a completely different philosophy of business education from
the one Dean Woodford had, so Im sure that some big changes are.......... ........... for us.
LESSON 7
Look like; resemble
2. Look out for ; be careful
3. Look over; examine, read
4. Look up; find information, try to locate some
one
5. Look up to; respect, admire
6. Make a fool of oneself; act embarrassingly
7. Make ends meet; balance a budget
8. Make a point of; make a special effort
9. Make sense of; be logical and clear, understand
10. Make up; invent, create
11. Make up ones mind; decide
12. Make way for; allow space for , provide a path
for
13. Mean to; intend to
14. Mixed up; confused
15. Music to ones ears; something that sounds
pleasant
16. A nervous wreck; someone who is very nervous
17. Next to nothing; very little, cheap

:
:
:
:

Ging nh
, cn thn
Xem xt, kim tra
Tm kim thng tin

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Tn trng, knh trng

Hnh ng rt lng tng, bi ri
Tn tin, tit kim, thu vn
Lm mt ci g qu sc
Hiu mt cch logc
Sng to, pht minh
Quyt nh
Trnh ng, cho qua

No doubt about it; certainly, definitely

19. No harm done; there was no damage done
20. Not at all; not in any way; not to any degree
21. Not believe ones ears eyes; be unable to believe
what one hears or sees
22. Not think much of; not like, not have a good
opinion of
23. Odds and ends; small, miscellaneous items

:
:
:
:

1.

18.

24.
25.
26.

: nh ni
: B lung tung, b xo trn
: Khin ai hi lng
: Mt hy vng
: Hu nh khng
Chc chn, nht nh
khng b hng
Khng c g, khng ng
Khng tin vo mt/tai mnh na

: Khng ging, khng c kin tt v

: Lt vt, mu tha
: Ngi c kinh nghim
: Hi hp
: Lin, lin tc

An old hand at; an experienced person

On edge; nervous
On end; consecutively, without a break
18

On hands; easily available

28. On needless and pins; nervous, anxious
29. On ones own; independent
30. On second thought; after reconsidering
31. On the go; always busy, always moving
32. On the tip of the tongue; almost able to
remember
33. On the whole; in general
34. Out of something; not having something
35. Out of ones mind; insane, illogical, irrational
36. Out of order; broken, not functioning properly
37. Out of the question; definitely not, impossible
38. Over and over; again and again, repeatedly
39. Over ones head; not understandable, obscure
27.

:
:
:
:
:
:

D dng, c sn
Lo lng, lo u
c lp
Sau khi xem xt li
Lun lun bn, lun lun di chuyn
Mi nh y m

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Ni chung, i khi
Khng c ci g
Ngi hay qun
Hng hc
Khng chc chn, khng th c
Lp i lp li
Khng th hiu c, khng th
thng cm c

EXERCISE
1. Have you......... .......... this contract yet? Not yet. Ill try to read it this weekend.
2. I think Ill have the prime rib, waiter. Alright, sir. wait, no, .......... ....... .........I
think Ill have the chicken.
3. Is this story true, or did you just......... it ............
4. You cant get a soda from that machine. There is a sign on it that
says....... ......... .............
5. Sherry .......... .......... ......... her father because of all the help and good advice hes given
her.
6. I dont have much cash........... ........... , but I can get some from an automatic teller
machine.
7. What a confusing movie! I couldnt .......... ......... ........ it.
8. You did a fine job on this research paper, especially on the bibliography. Thanks.
I .......... ............ .......... ......... getting the bibliography exactly right. I did
it......... ......... ......... until it was perfect.
9. whats Fritzs cousins name? its.......... ........... ........... ........... my ............, but I
cant quite remember.
10. Hello, Id like to reserve a room for this weekend. Im afraid
thats .......... ........... .......... ......... the hotel is fully booked this weekend.
11. Do you have any fresh peaches? Sorry, Im ......... ......... them. I just sold the last
crate of peaches.
12. Listen to the roar of the engines. Year, its......... ........ my.........I just love going to
these car races.
13. The plane was delayed for hours......... ......... I thought wed never get off the ground.
14. Have you finished moving into your new apartment? Almost. There are still a
few........ ........ ......... in my old apartment that I need to move today.
15. Brad sure is busy, isnt he? Yeah, hes involved in so many activities that hes
always......... .......... .............
16. There are so many interesting dishes on the menu that its hard for me to......... ..........
my......... which one to order.
17. If you go into the swamp, ........... .......... ..........alligators.
18. When will you be informed of the test results? Not until Monday, so Ill
be........ ........... ........... ..........all weekend.
19

19. Do you know what the capital of South Dakota is? Im not sure. Lets .......it.........in
this atlas.
20. They are going to tear down those old ware houses to....... ....... ....... a big new hotel.
21. I like that painting you bought. Did it cost much? No, the artist sold it to me
for.......... ........... ...........
22. How was your final exam. Laurier? A couple of questions were tricky,
but........ .......... ........... It was pretty easy.
23. Im sorry, I knocked that vase over. I mean to .......... ......... .......... it wasnt
damaged.
24. I must have been........ ........ my .........When I signed the lease on this apartment. I cant
afford this much rent.
25. He didnt ......... ......... break the plate. It was an accident.
26. I didnt know you could play horseshoes so well. Oh, Im........ ........ ....... .........
Ive been playing since I was a kid.
27. You must be......... .......... this isnt River Street; its Laurel Avenue.
28. How long have you been living alone? Ive been.........my........ since I graduated
from high school.
29. Did you find that lecture boring? ........ .......... .........In fact, I thought it was
fascinating.
30. Christine is so funny, she should be a stand-up comic. I suppose, but a lot of her
jokes go right .........my.......I just dont get them
LESSON 8
Part with; no longer have, get rid of, not be in
the company of
2. Pass up; not accept, not choose
3. Pass with flying colors; do very well on
4. Pat oneself on the back; congratulate on oneself
5. Pay attention to; concentrate on, focus on
6. Pick out; choose, select
7. Pick up; take something from a surface. Go to a
location and get someone or something. Learn
something without special training.
8. Pick up the tab for; pay for
9. The picture of; a perfect example of something
1.

Play it by ear; do something without definite

plan
11. Play it safe; choose a cautious plan
12. Point out; indicate
13. A pretty penny; a lot of money
14. Pull ones leg; joke with someone; make up a
story
15. Push ones luck; to continue doing something
too long; to keep taking chances
16. Put aside; save for later, set aside
17. Put away; return something to its proper place
18. Put off; delay; post pone
10.

20

: La b, b
:
:
:
:
:
:

T chi, t b, khc t
Lm rt tt
Khen ngi ai/t khen mnh
Tp trung vo
Chn ra
Bt c, nht ln

: Tr cho
: V d hon ho v mt iu g

: Lm vic g khng c k hoch

c th
: Chn k hoch cn thn
: Ch ra, cho bit, ra du
: Nhiu tin
: Vui v vi mt s ngi
: C gng tm c hi
: dnh, dnh dm
: Cn c
: Hon li

19.
20.
21.

: Lm ra v, khoc ci v
: Kt hp vi nhau
: Tha th, khoan dung

Put on; begin to wear

Put together; assemble
Put up with; tolerate

EXERCISE
1. Vanessa is allergic to tobacco smoke, so she cant ......... ......... ........... smoking.
2. That conference you attended in Honolulu must have been very expensive. Yes, but
fortunately, the company I work for........ ......... ......... ............ ..........it.
3. I asked my teacher to.......... .......... the mistaken t hat I made in my essay so that I could
correct them.
4. What do you want to do tomorrow? I dont know. Lets
just......... ......... ........... ...........
5. You should get rid of that old leather jacket. I know, but I hate to ......... ......... it. Ive
had it for years.
6. How did you learn to make such beautiful pottery? Did you take a class in ceramics?
No, I just .........it.........on my own.
7. Can you read that sign? Just a minute. Let me.........my glasses........
8. It took Linda weeks to......... ......... that thousand piece jigsaw puzzle.
9. This bike cost......... ......... .......... , but I think it was worth it.
10. I passed the first two quizzes in this class and I scarcely studied for them at all. Well,
if I were you, I wouldnt .......my.........any further. You should study for the next quiz
because its going to be a lot harder.
11. Ill .......... ......... the laundry that you dropped off at the cleaners this morning.
12. The child ........... .......... her toys from the floor and then.........them........in her toy box.
13. Bert and Mary had to.......... ......... their dinner party until next weekend because Bert
wasnt feeling well.
14. Who........ .......... that tie for you? No one, I chose it myself.
15. Are you going to take that job? No, I decided to......... it .........because I dont want to
relocate.
16. .......... ........... as I read the directions or you wont understand what to do.
17. I finally finished cooking all the materials I need to write my report. Great, but dont
be too quick to ......... yourself......... ......... ........... you still have to write the report and
then word process it.
18. How did you do on your final exams? Great! I......... them all........ ........... ............
19. Im going to...........this magazine ............. for now and read it later.
20. I wouldnt believe a word Lynn told you. Shes just .......your.............
LESSON 9
Right away; immediately
Ring a bell with; sound familiar to
3. Rough it; experience somewhat difficult or
primitive conditions
4. Rule out; say something is impossible;
eliminate
5. Run a temperature; have a fever
6. Run for office; try to get elected
1.
2.

21

:
:
:

Ngay lp tc
Nghe c quen vi
Thiu thn mi th

Tr ra, bc b

:
:

B st, lm cho xc ng
C gng c bu

Run into; meet unexpectedly, bump into,

collide with
8. Run late; be late, be in a hurry
9. Run of the mill; ordinary
10. Run out of ; exhaust supply of
11. Save ones breath; dont bother asking
someone
12. Search me; I dont know; I have no idea;
beats me
13. See eye to eye; have the same opinion; be in
agreement
14. see somebody off; accompany to an airport,
station or train station
15. see to; take care of, check on, fix
16. serve one right; receive the proper
punishment; get the penalty one deserves
17. short for; a nick name for
18. show around; orient; give a tour
19. show off; try to attract attention by unusual
behavior
20. show up; arrive
21. shut down; close
22. sign up for; enroll for a class, a course
23. sing another tune; change ones opinion; feel
differently
24. size up; measure, estimate
25. sleep on it; postpone a decision until the next
day
26. slowly but surely; gradually; steadily but not
quickly
27. snowed under; very busy
28. so far, so good; up until now, there are no
problems
29. sooner or later; at some indefinite future time
30. speak ones mind; say what one is thinking
31. speak up; speak more loudly
32. speak up for; support verbally
33. spell out for; make something very clear;
explain in detail
EXERCISE
7.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Gp g tnh c

:
:
:
:

Rt vi, b mun
Bnh thng, thng thng
Chy ra khi
ng lm phin ai

Ti khng bit, ti khng c kin

s bng lng, ng kin

n ai

:
:

sa cha, nhn chm chm

nhn hnh pht ch ng

:
:
:

t tn ring cho
nh hng, gii thiu
khoe khoang, ph trng

:
:
:
:

n
ng
ng k mt kho hc
thay i kin, cm thy khc

:
:
:

c lng, d ton
tr hon mt quyt nh n
ngy k tip
chm m chc

:
:

rt bn
n by gi vn tt

:
:
:
:
:

khng sm th mun, trc sau g

ni iu g mnh ngh
ni to, qut
bin h cho ai
gii thch chi tit

Has John gone back to Minneapolis yet? Yes, I just.........him........at the airport.
This pipe is leaking again. Wed better have a plumber........... .........it
I was late because I........... ............ ........... .......... gasoline.
Write down your ideas........... ............ if you wait to write them down, you may forget
them.
5. When the factory............ ..........hundreds of workers were laid off.
6. Did you......... ........... ..........Professor Carmichaels class? No, I decided to take
Professor Knudsons class instead.
22

7. Vickl, hows that project youre working on coming along?

............ .........., ........... ..............,but the tricky part will be next week.
8. Have you ever heard of an actor named Anthony Reed? Hmmm. I dont think so,
The name doesnt ........... ........... ............. ........... me at all.
9. Frank doesnt take a hint very well, does he? No, you have
to..........things........... ............ Frank. He likes everything crystal clear.
10. Id heard that the clothes in this store were very nice, but I found
them....... ........... ........... ............
11. Bennet thought those stories Tina told about you were pretty funny. they werent
funny, they were embarrassing. Bennet would be......... ......... ...........if Tina had told that
kind of story about him.
12. Norman doesnt like to............. ............ when he goes on vacation. He prefers to stay at
luxury hotels.
13. I dont like to go to parties too early. Id rather........... ........... a little bit late.
14. Its expensive to.......... ........... ............ these days. Political campaigns cost a lot of
money.
15. So, do you plan to buy this motorcycle or not? Im still not sure. Can
I........... ........... ............ and let you know tomorrow morning.
16. Have you seen the campus yet? Yes, my cousin Melissa is a student there, and
she..........me ...........
17. Im collecting money for the Red Cross. I think Ill ask Pat to contribute. ...........
your............Pat never contributes to anything.
18. Are you going to medical school? Not this year, but I wouldnt ...........it......... in the
future.
19. I .......... .............. my old friend Leslie downtown yesterday. I hadnt seen her for
months.
20. I understand youre learning how to speak Russian. Yes, and it was really hard for
me, especially at first. Now, though, Im........... ............... ............. getting the hang of
it.
21. your sisters name is Jessia? That s what everyone calls her. Its............. ............
Jessica.
22. Have a busy night at the restaurant? We werent just busy. We
were............ ..............! Ive never seen so many customers.
23. I feel terrible. I have a terrible cold or maybe even the flu. are
you........... ............ .............? if you have a fever, then you probably have the flu.
24. My brother and I agree on most issues, but I sure
dont.......... ............ .............. ........... ...........him.........this proposal to build a new
stadium.
LESSON 10
Spick and span; extremely clean, spotless
2. Stack up against; compare with
3. Stamp out; eliminate, wipe out
4. Stand for; tolerate, put up with, symbolize;
represent
5. Stand out; be noticeable
6. Stay out; not come home
7. Stay out or up to all hours; come home or
go to bed very late
1.

23

:
:
:
:

Rt gn gng
So snh vi
Lau chi, c
Tha th, thay th cho, c ngha l

: Kin tr, chng c, ng

: ngoi khng v nh
: ngoi khng v nh

8.

: Khng ng nh, khng ng trn

ging
: Khng thay i, vi
: D tr s lng ln

Stay up; not go to bed

Stick with; not change, stay with

10. Stock up on; get a large supply of
something
11. A stones throw from; not far away from;
close to
12. Stop by; visit informally, go to see
13. Straighten up; clean up, make tidy
14. Stuck with; have something one cant get
rid of
15. Take a break; stop working for a short
time
16. Take a lot of nerve; require a lot of
courage
17. Take a lot out of someone; be hard on
someone, drain energy from someone.
18. Take advantage of; utilize, make use of,
exploit
19. Take after; resemble, look like ( an older
relative)
20. Take apart; disassemble
21. Take it easy; relax, calm down
9.

: Khng xa
: n chi khng bo trc
: Sp xp gn li
: B mc kt
: Ngh gii lao
: Yu cu phi mo him, phi c
lng dng cm
: S bn rt
: S dng, tn dng, khai thc
: Ging
: Tho ra, tho ri
: Ngh ngi

EXERCISE
1.Vaccines have permitted doctors to virtually........... ........... a number of diseases, including
small pox and polio.
2. How late do you usually.......... ..........? Im normally in bed by eleven on weekdays.
3. How late do you usually........... ............on weekends? I sometimes dont come home
until two or three in the morning.
4. Do you.......... .......... your mother or father? I dont think I look much like either one
of them.
5. Earl had no trouble.......... .......... the engine on the lawn mower, but then he couldnt put
it back together.
6. You look a little tired. why dont you.......... ......... .........and finish your homework later.?
7. The teacher wont ......... ......... cheating. When she caught one student cheating on the
midterm exam. She gave hem a zero on that test.
8. I tried to find a buyer for this old car. Looks like youre.......... ......... it for now.
9. My brother is going to invest all his savings in a new business venture.
That........... ............ .......... .......... ........... Id be afraid to take a risk like that.:
10. I give up. I cant solve this chemistry problem. ........... .......... it. Eventually, youll
figure it out.
11. We have to leave the apartment.......... ............ .............. The landlord said that if it
wasnt clean when we moved out, wed lose part of our security deposit.
12. Don was wearing jeans and a T. shirt while all the other guests had on formal dinner
wear. He really............ ..............
13. Im nervous about my interview. ............ ............ .............Youll make a better
impression if youre relaxed.
14. The fifty stars on the American flag........... .............. the fifty states.
24

15. Do you ........... ............. your apartment before guests............ .............? A little bit, I
dont mind if its a little messy, but I dont want it to look like a disaster area.
16. My new roommate is from Italy. You should............ .......... ........... this opportunity
to learn some Italian.
17. I just heard on the news that the Florida orange crop was damaged by the hurricane last
week, and that orange juice prices are going to go way up. If we dad a big freezer, we
could.......... .......... ............ frozen orange juice now and we wouldnt have to pay those
prices.
18.Do you live near Cecillia? Oh, sure. My apartment building is
just.......... ........... .............. .............. hers.
19. So you ran in that I0 kilometer race? Yes, but
it.............. .......... .............. ............ ..............me. I can hardly move.
20. Tim, youve eaten at both these restaurants. How does Chez
Michelle............. ........... ........... the Oak Room? Oh, they are both good. I think the Oak
Room has slightly better food, but the service is better at Chez Michelle.
LESSON 11
Take off; remove, ascend, become popular
quickly
2. Take over; assume control or responsibility
3. Take part in; participate in
4. Take a short cut; take a more direct or faster
route than usual
5. Take the plunge; finally take action or do
something different
6. Take time off; take a vacation or a break
from work or school
7. Take up; begin to study some topic or engage
in some activity
8. Talk down to; speak to someone as if she or
he were a child; patronize
9. Talk into; persuade; convince
10. Talk out of; dissuade, convince not to do
something
11. Talk over; discuss
12. Tear oneself away from something; stop
doing something interesting
13. Tear up; rip into small pieces
14. Tell apart; distinguish
15. Things are looking up; the situation is
improving
16. Think over; consider
17. Throw away; discard, get rid of
18. Throw cold water on; discourage, force to
cancel
19. Throw the book on someone; give someone
the maximum punishment
20. Try on; test clothing before buying
1.

25

Ci, b

:
:
:

Chuyn, ch, a, dn
Tham d
Nhanh hn bnh thng

Lm vic g khc thng

Ngh php, ngh gii lao

Thu ht, chon, chim

Chn hng

:
:

Thuyt phc, lm cho tin

Bn ra, can ngn, ni ng lm

:
:

Tho lun, bn ci
Ngng lm vic g

:
:
:

X
Nghe ra, nhn ra, phn bit
Ci thin tnh hnh

:
:
:

Ngh k
Vt i
Chn nn, mt ht can m

Hnh h ai, trng pht ai

Th qun o trc khi mua

21.
22.

Try out; test a product before buying

Try out for; audition for, attempt to join

:
:

Th sn phm trc khi mua

Th xem qun chng c thch
khng

EXERCISE
1. Youd better........... ........... these gloves before you buy them; they may not fit.
2. At first, I didnt want to go to the party, but Im glad that Annette ...........me...........it. It
was fun.
3. The spy.......... ...........the document so that no one else could read it.
4. The twins look so much alike that almost no one can.........them .........
5. I need more excitement in my life Why dont you give up stamp collecting and.........
........... skydiving instead?
6. Who made the final decision? All of the people who were at the
meeting........... ........ ......... the decision-making process.
7. Most air accidents take place when a plane is......... ........... or landing.
8. Will your friend Scott be coming to the reception? If he can ..........
himself .......... ...........those computer games hes always playing.
9. Dan was afraid the judge would ......... ........... ............. ..............him because he had
been charged with the same offense several times.
10. ......... ............. your boots before you go into the house.
11. I wish Id.......... ............ this calculator before I bought it. It doesnt seem to be working
right.
12. Marvin was going to drop out of school, but his grandfather........ him .......... .............it.
13. Im not sure if this is a suitable topic for a research paper. I need to ..........it............with
my teacher before I start writing.
14. Im going to............ ............. those old newspapers. Dont just put them in the trashrecycle them instead.
15. Are you going on the class trip? I need to ..........it ..........before I decide.
16. How did you get home so quickly? I ........... ........... ........... through the fields:
17. So, Louisa, you decided to .......... ............ for a part in the play? Yes, Ive been
interested in acting for quite a while, so I finally decided to ........... ............. ..............
18. Akiko is going to...........some........... ............ ............. teaching to finish writing her
dissertation.
LESSON 12
Turn around; face in a different direction
2. Turn down; reject an offer, decrease in
intensity
3. Turn in; return, give back, hand in, go to bed
4. Turn into; change to, transform into
5. Turn off; stop the operation, shut off
6. Turn on; start the operation
7. Turn out; result, end up, be the final product,
arrive, gather
8. Turn up; increase in intensity, arrive
9. Under the weather; slightly ill
10. Use up; use completely
11. Wait on; serve
12. Walk on air; be very happy
13. Warm up; heat, practice, prepare for
1.

26

:
:

Thay i hon ton

Khng tha nhn, bc b, khc t

:
:
:
:
:

Quay li, tr li
Thay i ti
Tt, kho
Bt, m
Sa thi, ui, kt lun

:
:
:
:
:
:

Lt ln, xi ln, vn ln
Khng kho
Tn dng, dng cho n kit
Phc v, hu h
Rt hnh phc
Lm cho nng, lm cho m, tr nn

si ni
phng
Lm cho mn hn, mn, hao mn

Watch out for; be alert, look out for

:
15. Wear out; become no longer useful because
:
of wear
16. What the doctor ordered; exactly what was
: Chnh xc cn ci g
needed; the perfect thing
17. Wipe out; eliminate, stamp out
: Dp tt, dp b
18. Without a hitch; without a problem
: Khng vn g
19. Work out; exercise, bring to a successful
: Ti u, n u, ra sao, kt
conclusion, solve
thc
EXERCISE
1. The story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde is about a scientist who......... ........ a monster after
drinking a chemical position.
2. ........... ............. the water or the tub will overflow.
3. Its warm in here. Could you........... ............ the heater a little.?
4. I love that song. Could you......... ............ the radio a little?
5. I cant see a thing. Please........ ............ the light.
6. This sweater looked nice when it was new, but now its........... ............
7. Im hungry! why dont you........... ........... some of the leftovers that are in the
refrigerator? You can use the microwave oven.
8. Not many people.......... ........... for the meeting last night.
9. Its been a rough day. Im going to........... ........... early and get a good nights sleep.
10. How about a nice cup of hot tea? Thats exactly what Im in the mood for. Its
just........... ............ ............. ................
11. How was your presentation. Great. It went off........... ........... ............
12. Im going to the gym to .......... ............ on the exercise machines.
13. If you are on a crowded bus or subway car, you must........... ........... ............. pick
pockets.
14. A bear! I dont see a bear! Where is it? ............ .............. slowly. Its right behind you
15. Maria had quite a few problems last year, but she.........them all..........
16. Dont ask me to .......... ........... you! Im not your servant.
17. Brian was offered the manager job but he.......... it............He said he didnt want the
responsibility.
18. Before the game starts, the players need to........... ............
19. This cake Holly baked for the wedding........... ........... very well, dont you think?
Yes, indeed. It was delicious.
20. Michell looked pale and tired. He told me he was feeling a
little ......... .......... ............
21. You must be happy about getting that scholarship Are you kidding? Im
still............ ...........
14.

MAIN PROBLEM IN READING COMPREHENSION

1. Reading for main ideas (10 percent)
27

By previewing, you can form a general idea of what a reading passages is about; that is, you
identify the topic. By reading for main ideas, you identify the point of view of the author that is, what the writers thesis is. Specifically, what does the author purpose to write the
topic? The main idea usually comes at the beginning of a reading passage
Sample questions:
The primary idea of the passage is . . .
What is the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following best summarizes the authors main idea
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The answer choice must be not
1. too specific
2. too general
3. incorrect according to the passage
4. irrelevant (unrelated) to the main idea of the passage
Main purpose questions
What is the authors main purpose in the passage?
Why did the author write the passage?
The main point of the passage is. . .
The authors purpose in writing is. . .
2. Using contexts for vocabulary (26 percent)
In English, a context is the combination of vocabulary and grammar that surrounds a word.
Context can be a sentence or a paragraph or a passage. Context helps you make a general
prediction about meaning. If you know the general meaning of a sentence, you also know the
general meaning of the words in the sentence. Most of the question asks about single words
(usually nouns, verb, adjectives, and adverb)
In ordinary reading, there are a number of clues that can help you determine the meaning of
an unknown word.
2.1. Synonyms
2.2. Contrast
2.3. General context
You should follow these steps to answer vocabulary in context items
A. Look at the word being asked about and the four possible answer choices. If you are
familiar with the word guess which answer is correct.
B. Read the sentence in which the word appears. If you are familiar with the word guess at
the answer, make sure that the word you chose fits with the word as it is used in the
sentence. If you are unfamiliar with the word, see if context clues in the sentence or in
the sentence before or after to help you guess the meaning.
C. If you are not sure, make the best guess you can and go on
3. Scanning for details (4 percent)
First read a question and find the important content words. Content words are usually nouns,
verbs, or adjectives. They are called content words because they contain the content or
meaning of a sentence.
Next, let your eyes travel quickly over the passage for the same content words or synonyms
of the words. This is called Scanning. By scanning, you can find a place in the reading
passage where the answer to a question is found.
Finally, read those specific sentences carefully and choose the answer that correspond to the
meaning of the sentence you have read.
4. Making inference (12 percent)
28

An inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. It can be about the passage itself or
about the authors view point.
Sometimes, in a reading passage, you will find a direct statement of fact. That is called
evidence. But other times, you wont find a direct statement. Then you will need to use the
evidence you have to make an inference.
Sample questions:
4.1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
4.2. It can be inferred from the passage that. . .
4.3. The author implies that. . .
4.4. Which of the following does the passage imply?
4.5. Which of the following would be the most reasonable guess about. . .?
4.6. The author suggest that. . .
4.7. It is probable that. . .
5. Identifying exceptions (9 percent)
After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to select from four possible
answers the on that is not mentioned in the reading. Use your scanning skills to locate
related words and phrases in the passage, and the answer choices.
Sample questions:
5.1. According to the passage, all of the following are true except
5.2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
5.3. Which of the following is least likely. . .?
6. Locating reference (10 percent)
After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to find the antecedent of a
pronoun. An antecedent is a word or phrase to which a pronoun refers. Usually, you will be
given a pronoun such as it, its, them or their and you will be asked to locate the reference
word or phrase in the passage.
Then read the sentence using the four answer choices in place of pronoun. The meaning of
the sentence in the context of the passage will not change when you substitute the correct
antencedent.
7. Referring to the passage (24 percent)
After reading the passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to find certain information in the
passage and identify it by line number.
First, reading the question. Then refer to the line numbers in the answer choices to scan for
the information in the question.
Sample question:
7.1. In what line does the author shift his focus to. . .?
7.2. Where in the passage does the author first discuss?
7.3. A description of . . . . can be found in . . .
7.4. Where in the passage does the author specifically stress.?
7.5. In what paragraph does the author first mention the concept of. . .?

Exercise for main topic sentence

29

PASSAGE 1
There are two main types of cell division. Most cells are produced by a process called
mitosis. In mitosis, a cell divides and forms two identical daughter cells, each with an
identical number of chromosomes. Most one-called creatures reproduce by this method, as
do most of the cells in multi-celled plants and animals. Sex cells, however, are formed in a
special type of cell division called meiosis. This process reduces the number of
chromosomes in a sex cell to half number found in other kinds of cells. Then, when sex cells
unite, they produce a single cell with the original number of chromosomes.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The method by which one-celled organisms reproduce
B. A comparison between mitosis meiosis
C. Meiosis, the process by which identical cells are produced
New word:
Mitosis:
Chromosome:
Meiosis:
Organism:
PASSAGE 2
The last gold rush belongs as much to Canadian history as it does to American. The
discovery of gold along the Klondike River, which flows Canadas Yukon Territory in
Alaska, drew some 30,000 fortune hunters to the north. The Yuko became a territory and its
capital of the time, Dawson, wouldnt have existed without the gold rush. The gold strike
furnished material for a dozen of Jack Londons novels, it inspired Robert Service to write
The Shooting of Dan Mc Grew and other poems, and it provides the background for the
wonderful Charlie Chaplin movie, The Gold Rush. It also marked the beginning of modern
Alaska.
1.The authors main purpose in writing is to
A. Discuss the significance of mining in Canada and the United States.
B. Show the influence of the Klondike gold on the creative arts.
C. Point out the significance of the Klondike gold strike.
PASSAGE 3
The keystone arch was used by almost every early civilization. To build a keystone arch,
stones are cut so that the opposite sides taper toward each other slightly. The upper and
lower surfaces are carved so that when several stones are placed side by side, the upper and
lower surfaces meet in smooth, continuous curves. Some form of scaffolding is built under
the arch and shaped to accept the curved underside of the stones, the last to be dropped into
position. Afterwards, the scaffolding is removed and the arch is self-suppording.
1. The passage mainly concerns
A. The basic principles of building keystone arches
B. The uses of arches in modern architecture
C. The role of scaffolding in building keystone arches
New word:
Keystone:
Arch:
Carver:
Scaffolding
PASSAGE 4
Circumstantial evidence is evidence not drawn from the direct observation of a fact. If, for
example, there is evidence that a piece of rock embedded in a wrapped chocolate bar is the
same type of rock found in the vicinity of the candy factory, and that rock of this type is
found in few other places, then there is circumstantial evidende that the stone found its way
30

into the candy during manufacture and suggests that the candy maker was negligent. Despite
a popular notion to look down on the quality of circumstantial evidence, it is of great
usefulness if there is enough of it and if it is properly interpreted. Each circumstance, taken
singly, may mean little, but a whole chain of circumstances can be as conclusive as direct
evidence.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. A manufacturers negligence can be shown by direct evidence only
B. Enough circumstantial evidence is as persuasive as direct evidence
C. Circumstantial evidence can be very useful
New word:
Circumstantial:
Evidence:
Embed:
Vicinity:
Negligent:
Notion:
Interpret:
Conclusive:
PASSAGE 5
The Northwest Ordinance was passed by Congress in 1787. It set up the government
structure of the region north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania, then called the
Northwest Territory. It set the conditions under which parts of the territory could become
states having equality with the older states. But the ordinance was more than just a plan for
government. The law also guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury in the school to
be built for each township. It also abolishes slavery in the Territory. Eventually, the Territory
became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
1. What is the main topic of this passage
A. The structure of government
B. The provisions of an important law
C. The establishment of schools in the Northwest Territory
New word:
Ordinance:
Guarantee:
Trial:
Township:
Abolish:
Provision:
PASSAGE 6
The story of the motel business from 1920 to the start of World War II in 1941 is one of
uninterrupted growth. Motels spread from the West and the Midwest all the way to Maine
and Florida. They clustered along transcontinental highways such as U.S Routes 40 and 66
and along the north-south routes running up an down both the East and West coasts. There
were 16,000 motels by 1930 and 24,000 by 1940. The motel industry was one of the few
industies that was not hurt by the Depression of 1930s. Their cheap rates attracted travelers
who had very little money.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How the Depression hurt US motels
B. The impact of transcontinental highways
C. Two decades of growth for the motel industry
New word
Cluster:
Transcontinental:
Depression:
Uninterrupted:
PASSAGE 7
31

An old proverb states, Beware of oak, it draws the stroke. This saying is handy during
thunderstorm season. In general, trees with deep roots that tap into groundwater attract more
lightning than do trees with shallow, drier roots. Oaks are around 50 times more likely to be
struck than beeches. Spruces are nearly as safe as beeches. Pines are not safe as these two,
but are still much safer than oaks.
1. What is the authors main point?
A. Old proverbs often contain important truths
B. Trees with shallow roots are more likely to avoid lightning than those with deep roots
C. The deeper a trees roots, the safer it is during a thunderstorm
New word
Oak:
Stroke:
Handy:
Root:
Tap:
Shallow:
Spruce:
Pine:

PASSAGE 8
Alternative history is generally classified as a type of science fiction, but it also bears some
relation to historical fiction. This type of writing describes an imaginary world that is
identical to ours up to a certain point in history, but at that point, the two worlds diverge,
some important historical event takes place in one world but not in the other, and they go in
different directions. Alternative histories might describe words in which the Roman Empire
had never fallen, in which the Spanish Amanda had been victorious, or in which the South
had won the Civil War. Or they may suppose that some technology had been introduced
earlier in the worlds history than actually happened. For example, what interesting because
of the way they stimulate the imagination and get them thinking about the phenomenon of
cause and effect in history.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Alternative histories describe worlds in which history has taken another course
B. Alternative histories are a type of historical novel
C. Science fiction writes have accurately predicted certain actual scientific developments
New word
Alternative:
Diverge:
Stimulate:
Phenomenon:
PASSAGE 9
Until the late 1700s, metal couldnt be turned on a lathe to make it uniformly smooth and
round. The operator couldnt guide the cutting tool evenly by hand against the turning piece.
This problem was solved by David Wilkinson of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. In 1798 he
invented a machine in which the cutter was clamped into a moveable slide that could be
advanced precisely, by hand crank, parallel to the work. The slide rest, as it came to be
called, has many uses. It permits the manufacture of parts so uniform that they can be
interchanged. Without is, mass production would not have been possible. As it turns out, the
great English machinist Hennry Maudsley developed nearly the same mechanism a few
years before, but this was unknown to Wilkinson and doesnt diminish his accomplishment.
1. Why did the author write this passage?
A. To prove that Wilkinsons invention was based on Maudsleys
B. To demonstrate the importance of mass production to American society
32

C. To show the usefulness of Wilkinsons invention

New word
Lather:
Evenly:
Hand crank:
Demonstrate:
PASSAGE 10
Almost every form of transportation has given someone the idea for a new type of toy. After
the Montgolfier brother flew the first balloon, toy balloons became popular playthings. In
the nineteenth century, soon after railroads and steamships were developed, every child had
to have model trans and steamboats. The sam held true for automobiles and airplanes in the
early twentieth century. Toys rockets and missiles became popular at the beginning of the
space age, and by the 1980s, there were many different version of space shuttle toys.
1. The main idea of this passage is that
A. Inventors have been inspired by toys to build new forms of transportation
B. Toy automobiles and airplanes were very popular in the early 1900s
C. Toy design has followed developments in transportation

PASSAGE 11
American folk music originated with ordinary people at a time when the rural population
was isolated and music was not yet spread by radio, records, or music videos. It was
transmitted by oral tradition and is noted for its energy, humor, and emotional impact. The
major source of early American folk song was music from the British Isles, but songs from
Africa as well as song of the American Indians have a significant part in its heritage. Later
settlers from other countries also contributed songs. In the nineteenth century, composer
Steven Foster wrote some of the most enduringly popular of all American songs, which soon
became part of the folk tradition. Beginning in the 1930s, Woody Guthric gained great
popularity by adapting traditional melodies and lyrics and supplying new ones as well. In the
1950s and 1960s, signer composers such as Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, and joan Baez
continued this tradition by creating urban folk music. Many of these songs deal with
important social issues, such as racial integration and the war in Vietnam.
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to
A. Explain the oral tradition
B. Contrast the styles of folk musicians
Originate:
Transmit:
Impact:
Enduringly:
Lyrics:
Integration:
PASSAGE 12
Every scientific discipline tens to develop its own special language because it finds ordinary
words inadequate, and psychology is no different. The purpose of this special jargon is not to
mystify non-psychologists, rather, it allows psychologists to accurately describe the
phenomena they are discussing and to communicate with each other effectively. Of course,
psychological terminologists use these words somewhat differently. For example, laymen
use the term anxiety to mean nervousness or fear, but most psychologists reserve the term to
describe a condition produced when one fears events over which one has no control
1. The main topic of this passage is
A. Effective communication
33

B. The special language of psychology

C. Two definitions of the word anxiety
D. The jargon of science
New word
Discipline:
Terminology:

Jargon:
Inadequate:

PASSAGE 13
Gifford Pinchot was the first professionally trained forester in the United States. After he
graduated from Yale in 1889, he studied forestry in Europe. In the 1890s he managed the
forest on the Biltmore estate in North Carolina (now Pisgah National Forest) and
conservation was persuading President Theodore Rooverlt to set aside millions of acres in
the West as forest reserves. These lands now make up much of the national parks and
national forests of the United States. Pinchot became the chief forester of the US Forest
Service in 1905. Although he held that post for only five years, he established guidelines that
set forest policy for decades to come.
1. The passage primarily deals with
A. Gifford Pinchots work on the Biltmore Estate
B. The practice and theory of scientific forestry
C. The origin of national parks and national forests in the United States
D. The contributions Gifford Pinchot made to American forestry
New word
Forester:
Persuade:
Post:
Guideline:
PASSAGE 14
Off-Broad-Way theater developed in New York city in about 1950 as a result of
dissatisfaction with conditions on Broadway. Its founders believed that Broadway was
overly concerned with producing safe, commercially successful hit plays rather than drama
with artistic quality. Off-Broadway producers triad to assist playwrights, directors, and
performers who could not find work on Broadway. Off-Broad theaters were poorly
equipment, has limited seating, and provided few conveniences for audiences. But the
originality of the scripts, the creativity of the performers, and the low cost of tickets made up
for these disadvantages, and Off-Broadway proposed. However, by the 1960s, costs began to
rise, and the 1970s, Off-Broadway theater was encountering many of the difficulties and had
lost much of its vitality. With its decline, a experiment movement called Off-Off Broadway
theater developed.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. After initial success, Off-Broadway theater began to decline.
B. Off-Broadway theaters produced many hit commercial plays.
C. Theaters on Broadway were not well equipment.
D. Off Broadway plays were highly creative.
2. The paragraph that follow this passage most likely deals, with
A. The help Off-Broadway producers provided directors, playwrights, and performers
B. Methods Off-Broadway producers provided directors, use to cope with rising prices
C. The development of Off-Broadway theater
D. The decline of Broadway theater
New word
Prosper:
Encounter:
34

Vitality:

Decline:

PASSAGE 15
At the time of first European contact, there were from 500 to 700 languages spoken by North
American Indians. These were divided into some 60 language families, with no
demonstrable genetic relationship among them. Some of these families spread across several
of the seven cultural areas. The Algonquin family, for instance, contained dozens of
languages and occupied a vast territory. Speakers of Algonquin languages included the
Algonquins of the Eastern Woodland, the Blackfoots of the Plains and the Wiyots and
Yuroks of California. Other language families, like the Zuni family of the Southwest, occupy
only a few square miles of area and contain only a single tribal language.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Each of the cultural areas was dominated by one the language families
B. The Zuni language is closely related to the Algonquin language
C. There is considerable diversity in the size and the number of languages in language
families of the North American Indians
D. Contact with Europeans had extraordinary effect on the language of the Indian tribes of
North America
PASSAGE 16
Other major changes in journalism occurred around this time. In 1846, Richard Hoe invented
the steam cylinder rotary press, making it possible to print newspapers faster and cheaper.
The development of the telegraph made possible much speedier collection and distribution
of news. Also in 1846 the first wire service was organized. A new type of newspaper
appeared around this time, one that was more attuned to the spirit and needs of the new
America. Although newspapers continued to cover politics, they came to report more human
interest stories and to record the most recent news, which they couldnt have done before the
telegraph.
1. The main purpose of the passage is to
A. Present a brief history of American journalism
B. Outline certain developments in mid-nineteenth century journalism
C. Explain the importance of the steam cylinder rotary press
D. Present some biographical information about Richard Hoe
2. What is the most probable topic of the paragraph preceding this one?
A. Other types of rotary presses
B. Alternative to using wire services
C. Newspapers that concentrated on politics
D. Other developments in journalism
3. The tone of the passage could be best described as
A. Objective
B. Optimistic
C. Angry
D. Humorous
PASSAGE 17
In the western third of North America, the convoluted folds of the Earths surface and is
fractured geologic structure tend to absorb the seismic energy of an earthquake. Even if an
earthquake measuring 8.5 on the Richter scale Los Angeles, its force would fade by the time
it reached San Francisco, some 400 hundreds miles away. But in the eastern two thirds of the
35

continent the same energy travels more easily. The earthquake Washington, DC about 800
miles away, and was felt as far as Boston and Toronto.
1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Boston and Toronto.
A. If a major earthquake strikes Los Angeles, it will probably damage San Francisco as wel
B. The New Madrid earthquake of 1811 was felt in Boston and Toronto
C. The geology of the western United States is much more complex than that of the East
D. Earthquakes travel farther in the East than in the West
New word
Convoluted:
Fracture:
Seismic:
Fade:
PASSAGE 18
There has never been an adult scientist who has been half as curious as any child between
the ages of four months and four years. Adults sometimes mistake this superb curiosity about
everything as a lack of ability to concentrate. The truth is that children begin to learn at birth,
and by the time they begin formal schooling at the age of 5 or 6, they have already absorbed
a fantastic amount of information, perhaps more, fact for fact, than they will learn for rest of
their lives. Adults can multiply by many times the knowledge children absorb if they
appreciate this curiosity while simultaneously encouraging the children to learn.
1. With which of the following statements would the author probably agree?
A. Children lack the ability to concentrate
B. Young children have a much greater curiosity than adult scientists do
C. The first few years of school are the most important ones for most children
D. Adults can utilize childrens intense curiosity to help children learn more
2. The paragraph following this one most likely deals with
A. Way in which adults can help children learn by stimulating their curiosity
B. The learning habits of children over the age of 4
C. The methods adults scientists use to study the curiosity of young children
D. Way in which adults scientists use to study as children about their environment.
New word
Superb:
Fracture:
Absorb:
Fade:
PASSAGE 19
Settlement houses were institutions esbalished to improve living conditions in poor city
neighborhoods in the late 1800s and early 1900s. They offered health, educational,
recreational, and cultural activities. The first to open in the United States was University
Settlement in New Yourk City. It was established by the social reformer Stanton Coin in
1886. The most famous example was Hull House, established by the famous reformer young
college graduates who were eager to improve the condition of the poor.
1. The passage mainly discusse
A. American cities in the late nine theenth century
B. The idealism of college graduates
C. Settlement houses in the late 1800s and early 1900s
D. The life of several American social reformers
New word
Settlement:
Neighborhood:
Reformer:
Idealistic:
36

PASSAGE 20
The dancer Isadora Duncan was a daring, dynamic innovator in dance. While she was very
successful in teaching her highly personal style of dance to others, she taugh a generation of
dancers to trust their own forms of experession. She rebelled against the rigid, formal style
of classical ballet. Inspired by the art of Greece, she usually danced barefoot in a loose,
flowing Greek tunic. She found further inspiration in nature and used dance movements to
mirrorthe waves of the sea and passing clouds. Isadora Duncan was born in Sanfrancisco in
1878. She gave her first performance in 1899. Early failures gave way to triumphant
perfomances in Budapest, Berlin, London, and finally in 1908, back in the United States.
She lived in Europe most of her life, establishing dancing schools for children there. She
died in 1927 near Nice, France, in a freak accident, her long scraf being caugh in the wheel
in 1927 of an open sports car in which she was riding.
1. The authors attitude toward Isadora Duncan could best be described as one of
A. Displeasure
B. admiration
C. Compassion
D. amazement
2. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. The author first discusses Isadora Duncans stype of dance and then her lifer history
B. The first paragraph deals with Isadora Duncans role as a teacher, the second, her role as
a performer
C. The author first discusses Isadora Duncans short comings and then her positive points
D. First there is an analysis of Isadora Duncans influences and then of her lasting
contributions to dance
New word
Rigid:
Inspire:
Freak:
Loose:
PASSAGE 21
In most of Europe, famers homes outbuilding are generally located within a village, and
tools and animals are housed there. Every morning, the farmers and farm laborers leave their
village to work their land or tend their animals in distant fields and return to the village at the
end of the day. Social life is thus centipetal, that is, it is focused around the community
center, the village. Only in certain parts of Quebec has this pattern been preserved in North
America.
Throughout most of North America, a different pattern was established. It was borrowed
from northern Europe, but was pushed even further in the New World where land was cheap
or even free. It is a centifugal system of social life, with large isolated farms whose residents
go the village only to buy goods and procure services. The independence American farmers
is as free of the intimacy of the village as ther urbanite.
1. The main topic of the first paragraph is
A. Eroupean farm products
B. Social life in Quebec
C. The European pattern of rural settlement
2. The main topic of the second paragraph is
A. The relative isolation of North American farm families
B. The relationship between farmers and urbanites in North America
C. The low cost of farmland in North America
3. The main topic of the entire passage is
37

A.
B.
C.
D.

A comparision of farming in northern and southern Europe

The difference between farming in Quebec and the rest of North America
European influence on American agriculture
A contrast between a centripetal system of rural life and a centrifugal system

PASSAGE 22
While fats have lately acquired a bad image, one should not forget how essential they are.
Fats provide the bodys best means of storing energy, far more efficient energy sources than
either carbohydrats or proteins. They act as insulation against cold, as cushioning for the
internal organs, and as lubricants. Without fats, energy would be no way to utilize fat
soluble vitamins. Furthermore, some fats contain fatty acids that contain necessary grow
factors and help with the digestion of other foods.
Saturaed fats, which are derived from dairy products, animals fats, and tropical oils, increase
the amount of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol may lead to coronary heart disease by
building up in the arteries of the heart. However, unsaturated fats, derived from vegetables
oils, tend to lower serum, cholesterol if taken in a proportion twice that of saturated fats.
The consumption of a variety of fats is necessary, but the intake of too much fat may lead to
a variety of health problems. Excessive intake of fats, like all nutritional excesses, is to be
avoided.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that
A. Fats have a bad image
B. Fats serve important functions in the body
C. Fats store food more efficiently than proteins or carbohydrates
2. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Unsaturated fats may reduce cholesterol levels
B. The consumption of any type of fat leads to heart diet
C. Fats taken in the proper proportion may reduce serum cholesterol
3. The main idea of the third paragraph is that
A. People are eating less and less fat today
B. Fats should be gradually eliminated from the diet
C. Excessive consumption of fats may be dangerous to ones health
4. With which of the following is the whole passage primary concerned?
A. The role of fats in human health
B. The dangers of cholesterol
C. The benefits of fats in the diet
D. The importance of good nutrition
PASSAGE 23
The term weathering refers to all the way in which rock can be broken down. It takes place
because minerals formed in a particular way (say at high temperatures, in the cause of
igneous rocks) are often unstable when exposed to various conditions. Weathering involves
the interaction of the lithosphere (The earths crust) with the atmosphere and hydrosphere
(air and water). It occours at different rats and in different ways, depending on the climatic
and environmental conditions. But all kinds of weathering ultimately produce broken
minerals and rock fragments and other products of the decomposition of stone. Soil is the
most obvious and, from the human point of view, the most important result of the weathering
process. Soil is the weathered part of the Earths crust that is capable of sustaining plant life.
The character of soil depends on the nature of rock from which it is formed. It also depends
on the climate and on the relative age of the soil. Immature soils are little more than
38

broken rock fragments. Over time, immature soil develops into nature soil, which contatins
quantities of humus, formed from decayed plant matter. Mature soil is darker, richer in
microscopic life, and more conductive to plant.
1. The first paragraph primary describes
A. The process by which rocks are broken down
B. The weathering of igheous rocks
C. Gradual changes in the Earths weather patterns
2. The main topic of the second paragraph is
A. A description of immature soil
B. The growth of plants
C. The evolution of soil
2. The main topic of the entire passage paragraph is that
A. Weathering braks down rocks and leads to the development of soil
B. Soils may be classified as mature or immature
C. The process of soil development is more important to human than that of weathering
D. The earths crust is constantly changing
PASSAGE 24
The fist Dutch outpost in New Netherlands was made at Fort Orange (now Albany) in 1624;
It became a depot of the fur trade. But the most important settlement was at the Southern tip
of Manhattan, commanding the great harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River. Peter Minuit,
first gonernor-general of New Netherlands, purchase tittle to the island from the Canarsie
Indians for the equivalent of $24 worth of trinkets. However, the Canarsie Indians might be
described as tourists Brooklyn, Minuit had to make a later payment to the group that was
actually residents there.
Within its rectangular walls, permanent houses were built, replacing the thatched dwelling of
the original Manhattan. The port became the nucleus of the town of New Amsterdam. Soon
Manhattan had its first skyline: the solid outline of the fort; the lagstaff, the silhouette of a
giant windmill; and the masts of trading ships.
The Duthc West India company established dairy farms in the vicinity of New Amsterdam.
Each morning, the cattle were drivedn to the Bouwerie (now the Bowery), a large oen
common in the city. Just sothwest of the Bouwerie was the Bowling Green, Bowling Green
became the site of a cattle fair where livestock were marketed; beer and sausage were
available from booths, cheese, lace and linen were sold by framers wives; and Indian
women sold baskets and other handicrafts. These colorful gatherings and other aspects of
everyday life in New Amsterdam are descirbed in Washington Irvings rollicking book,
Kiedrich Knikerbockers History of New York
The last and most powerful governor-general of New Netherlands was Peter Stuyvesant,
famous for his temper and his wooden leg. He annexed the Swedlish colony of Delaware and
ordered the streets of New Amsterdam laid out in an orderly manner and numbered. He did
his best to obtain military and finacial aid from Holland against the British. When the
Brishtish sent emissaries demanding the surrender of the colony, he wanted to flight.
1664. the fort was long out of repair, and there was a shortage of ammunition of New York,
and New Amsterdam became New York City.
1. What is the main topic of the first paragraph?
A. The first Dutch settlement in New Netherlands
B. Peter Minuits acquisition of Manhattan
C. Tourism in Manhattan
2. The second paragraph deals primarily with
39

A.
B.
C.
3.
A.
B.
C.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The establishment of Fort Amsterdam

The skyline of Manhattan
The thatched houses of the Indians
The third paragraph mainly describes
Aspects of everyday life in New Amsterdam
The origin of the game of modern bowling
Washinton Irvings book about New Amsterdam
What does the fourth paragraph mainly discuss?
The annexation of the Swedish colony of Delaware
The origin and importance of the cattle fair
European colonization in the New World
Forty years of Dutch rule in New Amsterdam

Vocabulary
TEST 2.
1. The pioneer wagon trains were usually escorted by experienced
frontiersmen.
A. organized
B. financed
C. accompanied
D. tracked
2.Chick-peas are now extensively grown in California.
A. widely
B. hardly
C. permanently
D. increasingly
3. Industrial strife seems to become more rampant in some countries in
times of prosperity.
A. competition
B. demand
C. proliferation
40

D. conflict
4. Breeding laboratory animals is a multimillion -dollar business.
A. investigating
B. selling
C. researching
D. raising
5. Only very low-grade graphite is needed for lead pencils, whereas that
used as a moderator in atomic piles must be thoroughly, and expensively,
purified.
A. while
B. in addition
C. consequently
D. because
6. Since they thought that gold resembled the sun, the ancients
represented this chemical element with a solar symbol.
A. derived from
B. looked like
C. reflected
D. symbolized
7. The groundnut is found in moist places in most parts of the eastern
United States.
A. various
B. damp
C. fertile
D. sandy
8. The legendary Lady Godiva of Coventry was renowned as a devout
noble woman.
A. high-born
B. false
C. determined
D. pious
9. The Emancipation Proclamation, originally read to the Cabinet by
Lincoln in September of 1862, came into force on January 1, 1983.
A. went into effect
B. received military backing
C. became forceful
D. was ratified
10. The word Christmas derived from the old English for Christs
Mass first occurred in the eleventh century.
A. started
B. recurred
C. appeared
D. predominated
11. The house by the sea had a mysterious air of serenity about it.
A. melancholy
B. joy
C. sadness
D. calmness
41

12. The speaker emphasized the need for cooperation in the project that
were about to undertake.
A. Accentuated
B. Downplayed
C. Discussed
D. displayed
13. Marsha found it difficult to cope with the loss of her job.
A. anticipate
B. think about
C. deal with
D. confirm
14. The number of unemployed people in our country is increasing
rapidly.
A. licensed
B. working
C. business
D. jobless
15. Migrant workers have difficulty finding steady employment.
A. midget
B. diligent
C. transient
D. unmotivated
16.Christopher Columbus was the first person to navigate under the
patronage of Queen Isabella of Spain.
A. explore
B. sail
C. work
D. circumvent
1. The suns intensive rays distorted the image on the horizon.
A. reflected
B. altered
C. melted
D. disrupted
2. A new government department was established to control maritime
traffic.
A. sea
B. military
C. highway
D. air
3. His company empowered him to negotiate the contract.
A. helped
B. forbade
C. authorized
D. ordered
4. His involuntary reflexes betrayed his feelings.
A. automatic
B. unbelievable
C. unnecessary
D. unreasonable
42

5. The principal congratulated the student on his outstanding display of

leadership.
A. alluded
B. scolded
C. praised
D. contacted
6. A middle-aged woman of tremendous girth sat down beside the other
patients in the waiting room.
A. prestige
B. rotundity
C. eloquence
D. mirth
7. Numbing terror filed their brains as they witnessed the explosion.
A. torpid
B. tantalizing
C. paralyzing
D. sentient
8. The atmosphere in the police chiefs office was electric with
contention.
A. discord
B. rejoicing
C. weeping
D. curiosity
9. Pennys impromptu speech given at the state competition won her the
first prize.
A. interesting
B. informative
C. extemporaneous
D. expensive
10.
The slender boy scaled the wall like a lizard.
A. balanced
B. crawled
C. plastered
D. climbed
11.
The salon was the most elegant room Madeline
had ever seen, despite its austerity.
A. flexibility
B. design
C. decoration
D. simplicity
12.
The Royal Museum contains a facsimile of the
kings famous declaration.
A. copy
B. showcase
C. record
D. new edition
13.
The raccoon is a nocturnal animal.
A. harmless
B. night
43

C. marsupial
D. diurnal
14.
The author wrote with great clarity, not missing a
single detail.
A. genius
B. cleverness
C. clearness
D. extensiveness
15.
Double agents live in a perpetual state of fear.
A. perfect
B. constant
C. ceasing
D. perpetrated
16.
After the alien spacecraft had hovered over the
park for a short while, it vanished.
A. landed
B. disappeared
C. attacked
D. rose
17.
After receiving the insulting letter, Ron became
furious.
A. ghastly
B. resentful
C. fulgent
D. irate
18.
Her childhood poverty caused Lucy to be very
thrifty as she grew older.
A. practically
B. indigence
C. wealth
D. shyness
19.
If the crops are not irrigated soon, the harvest will
be sparse.
A. watered
B. plowed
C. planted
D. fertilized
20.
While in Europe on vacation, the twins roamed
the countryside on their bikes.
A. rounded
B. rocked
C. wandered
D. rustled
21.
The coroner was able to extract a minute particle
of cloth from under the victims fingernail.
A. infinitesimal
B. significant
C. large
D. short
44

22.
Lets suppose that we are floating in a cool pool
on a hot summers day.
A. imagine
B. imply
C. succumb
D. suggest
23.
The students records were not readily accessible
for their perusal.
A. offered
B. available
C. acceptable
D. accountable
Wordlist test 2.
: (v) nhn mnh, nu bt
1. accentuate / ksentjueit/
: (v) lm cho gin ght, xa lnh
2. alienate/ eiljneit/
: (v) bng gi , m ch
3. allude/lu;d/
: (v) dng trc , hng trc, bit trc, liu trc
4. anticipate / ntisipeit/
5. austerity/ o:steriti/
: (n) s kh hnh , s khc kh
: ph v, lm hng k hoch,
6. circumvent /s:kmvent/
: (n) s ci nhau, tranh lun,cnh tranh
7. contention/ kntenn/
: Nhn vin iu tra nhng v t t
8. coroner/korn/
9. cripple/kripl/
: (v) lm qu, hng, tn tt
10.
devou : (adj) thnh knh, m o, chn thnh
t/divaut/
11.
dishea : lam chn nn, ng lng
rten/ disha:tn/
12.
disrup : p gy, ph v
t/ disrpt/
13.
diurna : (adj) ban ngy, hng ngy
l/ dai:nl/
14.
eloque : (n) ti hng bin,
nce/elkwns/
15.
empo : (v) cho quyn, lm cho c th
wer/impau/
16.
Escort : (v) i h tng, i theo bo v, gip
/ esko:t/
17.
extem : (adj) tu ng
poraneous/ekstempreinjs
/
18.
extens : (adv) rng ri, bao qut
ively/ikstensivli/
19.
facsim : (v) sao, chp (n) bn sao, bn chp
ile /f ksimili/
20.
fulgen : (adj) sng chi, ng nh, rc r
t/ fldznt/
21.
girth/g : (n) ai yn nga, ng vng quanh,(v) bao
quanh ,o
:/
45

22.
impov
erish/ impovri/
23.
impro
mptu/ impromptju/
24.
involuntary/
involntri/
25.
marsu
pial/masju:pi l/
26.
melan
choly/melkli/
27.
midge
t/midzit/
28.
moder
ator/ modreit/
29.
noctur
nal/ nokt:nl/
30.
patron
age/ peitrnidz/
31.
perpet
rate/p:pitreit/
32.
perpet
ual/ppetul/
33.
pious/
pais/
34.
prolife
ration/prlifrein/
35.
purify/
pjurifai/
36.
raccoo
n /rku:n/
37.
rampa
nt/ r mpnt/
38.
ratify/
r tifai/
39.
resem
ble/ rizembl/
40.
rotund
ity/rautnditi/
41.
rustle/
rsl/
42.
scale/
skeil/
43.
scold/
skuld/
44.
sereni
ty/ sireniti/
45.
strife/

: (v) bn cng ho, hao mn, lamf cho kit sc

: (n) bi ni ng khu, (adj) ng ngu, khng
chun b trc
: (adj) khng ch tm, v tnh
: th c ti
: (adj)u su, u ut
: (n) ngi ln,
: my iu tit, ngi ho gii
: (adj) m, v m
: s bo tr, u
: (v) gy ra, thc hin ti
: (adj) vnh vin, khng ngt, lin min
: (adj) ngoan o, m o
: (n) s sinh si, tng nhanh, pht trin
: (v) lam cho sch, lc trong, tinh ch, ty u
: gu trc M
: (adj) hung hng, hng h, qu khch
: (n) thng qua , ph chun
: (v) ging vi, tng t
: (n) tnh khoa trng, s bo, phc phch
: (v) ku xo xc, st sot
: (n) vy
: (v) ry la, trch mng, qu trch, chi ra
: (n) cnh tri quang my tnh, s thanh bnh,
thanh thn
: (n) s xung t , ci nhau, tranh chp
46

straif/
46.
succu
mb/ skm/
47.
track/t
r k/
48.
transi
ent/ tr nzint/
49.
undert
ake
50.
unmot
ivated/ nmoutiveitid/

: (v) thua, khng chu ni cht

: (n) du vt, ng i
: (adj) ngn ngi, nht thi, chng tn
: (v) thc hin, m trch, nhn
: (adj) khng c l do, khng c mc ch

Test 4
1. In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat
wholesome food and get sufficient exercise.
A. healthy
B. fresh
C. well-cooked
D. delicious
2. Trees, shrubs, flowers, and grass give character and interest to the
parks.
A. vines
B. vegetables
C. bushes
D. weeds
3. The spleen is a small organ located beneath the left side of the rib
cage.
A. caught
B. found
C. ingrown
D. implanted
4. Not until his play Beyond the Horizon was produced was Eugene
ONeill lauded as the foremost creative American playwright.
A. compensated
B. secretly named
C. given preference
D. praised
5. If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, medical help is
necessary.
A. deposited in
B. invisible to
C. blurry to
D. isolated in
6. In some libraries young people can check out ten juvenile books at one
time.
A. adventure
B. large print
47

C. hardcover
D. childrens
7. Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some
kind of ceremony that expresses group sanction of the union.
A. opinion
B. coercion
C. approval
D. insistence
8. Charles Wilson Peale is generally considered the most gifted of the
Philadelphia colonial artists.
A. talented
B. presented
C. eccentric
D. sophisticated
9. Only sovereign states are able to make treaties.
A. constitutional
B. powerful
C. legitimate
D. independent
10.
The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of
people from different ethnic and cultural back grounds.
A. a company
B. a fluctuation
C. an assortment
D. a matching
11.
The 1960s saw a change in the form and content
of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered
taboo.
A. unpleasant
B. prohibited
C. unethical
D. worthless
12.
Few composers have been so idolized during their
lifetime as was Edward Mac Dowell.
A. dissatisfied
B. reviewed
C. misguided
D. worshipped
13.
Small flaws in an object show that it is handmade.
A. requirements
B. details
C. defects
D. trademarks
14.
A mature tulip bulb contains the embryo of a
plant.
A. flower bud
B. waste product
C. complete undeveloped form
D. color producing pigment
48

15.
A number of loopholes still remain in the
campaign contribution law.
A. unprofitable sections
B. illogical contradictions
C. descriptions for cheating
D. ways of evading rules
16.
Grounded whales often struggle fruitlessly to
reenter deep water.
A. violently
B. desperately
C. in vain
D. at length
17.
An individual nerve cell usually has a large cell
body and a conspicuous nucleus.
A. an obvious
B. a cohesive
C. an enormous
D. an immature
18. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually an indication that a storm is
imminent.
A. about to take place
B. close by
C. expected to be severe
D. possibly coming
19.
CAPut!.Many tourists are attracted to the New England states by
the autumn foliage.
A. weather
B. leaves
C. festival
D. harvest
20. Manufacturers who carry out government order have to be very
careful to meet specifications.
A. encounter
B. adhere to
C. prepare
D. anticipate
21.Geologists recognize three classes of rocks.
A. weights
B. hardness
C. colors
D. types
22. Serious grain damage can occur after a person has stopped breathing
for two or three minutes.
A. happen
B. return
C. continue
D. decrease
23. An invention is seldom wholly new; it is built on experience from the
past.
49

A. fundamentally
B. totally
C. visibly
D. unmistakably
24. Hybridization often produces plants that exhibit characteristics not
present in either parent plant.
A. show
B. transmit
C. perfect
D. resist
25. The early American settlers brought a heritage of European culture to
New England.
A. cargo
B. treasure
C. tradition
D. volume
26. Sometimes heartburn is one of the earliest symptoms of a more
serious disorder of the digestive system.
A. fastest
B. timely
C. chief
D. first
27. The accordion is a portable musical instrument of the reed-wind
variety.
A. a versatile
B. an easily transportable
C. an inexpensive
D. a highly popular
28. In 1961 , Wilma Rudolph, an Olympic gold medal winner, was named
Americas outstanding amateur athlete.
A. woman
B. young
C. volunteer
D. nonprofessional
29. The today of a jury is to ascertain guilt of innocence.
A. question
B. recommend
C. pursue
D. decide
30. At one time a computer of abstract music, Aaron Copland later shifted
to a style that more people could understand.
A. refused to work with
B. converted to
C. imitated
D. exaggerated
31. Abilene, Kansas, was the railhead for a cattle raising region that
extended southwest into Texas.
A. stretched
B. scattered
50

C. loitered
D. evolved
32. Almost half of Nevada has a desert climate.
A. an arid
B. a humid
C. a cold
D. an unpredictable
33.Hypothetically, sources of energy such as solar power and nuclear
fusion could provide more energy than the world needs.
A. Fortunately
B. Eventually
C. Ideally
D. Theoretically
34. The dolphin is noted for its ingenuity.
A. cleverness
B. artlessness
C. affability
D. playfulness
35. A mirror is a familiar example of a plane reflector.
A. relative
B. common
C. companion
D. standard
36. President Franklin D. Roosevelts proposal to add more justices to the
United States Supreme Court was rejected by the Congress.
A. resolved
B. adjusted
C. cursed
D. dismissed
37. Edward MacDowell showed the world that the United States not
devoid of creative musical talent.
A. lacking in
B. hampered by
C. burdened with
D. interested in
38. Silver in an extremely good electrical conductor
A. deceptively
B. exceptionally
C. deliberately
D. pointedly
39. The most important achievement of Thomas Jeffersons first
administration was the Louisiana Purchase.
A. exploit
B. development
C. acquisition
D. accomplishment
40. The major function of the kidneys is the excretion of metabolic wastes
and excess substances through the formation of urine.
A. manifestation
51

B. elimination
C. collection
D. derivation
Test 5
1. Elementary education was fostered in early New England for religious
purposes.
A. manifestation
B. promoted
C. excused
D. protected
2. In early American novels, the heroines were usually chaste.
A. scheming
B. earnest
C. fickle
D. virtuous
3. The movement toward equality of rights had some antecedents that
helped the cause of aspiring women.
A. elements
B. procedure
C. precedents
D. justification
4. Edward Hoppers paintings go beyond the seemingly aimless surface
of American city life.
A. abnormal
B. distorted
C. random
D. revolutionary
5. Although America made use of the steamboat on rivers and lakes, it
lagged behind England in using it on the oceans.
A. vacillated
B. sailed
C. fought
D. fell
6. Some discount stores are known for their shoddily constructed
merchandise.
A. Carelessly
B. Skillfully
C. Colorfully
D. Durably
7. William McGuffey was a well-known compiler of textbooks.
A. assembler
B. publisher
C. writer
D. critic
8.John Adams sought to sever his personal ties with the British king.
A. improve
52

B. proclaim
C. dissolve
D. embellish
9.A comprehensive theory explaining the growth of civilization has yet to
be accepted by most scholars.
A. An advanced
B. An original
C. An acceptable
D. An inclusive
10. The octopus is a clever and diligent animal,
A. awkward
B. busy
C. destructive
D. intelligent
11.The oldest preserved manuscripts are those written on papyrus, which
were found in Egyptian tombs.
A. protected
B. hidden
C. sought
D. discovered
12.Any overpayment to the school should be detected by the computer,
and a refund will be issued immediately.
A. excess money paid
B. large payment
C. extravagant gift given
D. generous donation
13. The shifting layers of the earths center continue to make
earthquakes inevitable.
A. burning
B. non-durable
C. deteriorating
D. moving
14. The symptoms of influenza are fever, headache, and muscular pain.
A. effects
B. delights
C. forces
D. signs
15. Although a newspapers primary function is to inform, special features
are usually included for entertainment.
A. jointly
B. cautiously
C. commonly
D. intentionally
16.American journalists often overstate a situation to make the news
more stimulating.
A. exaggerate
B. inspire
C. animate
D. misinterpret
53

17.Acetate is one of the most important artificial fibers.

A. insulating
B. synthetic
C. unadorned
D. complex
18.The term New Deal applies to the program of reform and recovery
initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
A. spoiled
B. inherited
C. originated
D. attacked
19.Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known
in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game
of rugby.
A. rules
B. changes
C. demands
D. leagues
20.Much of the space in the National Gallery is devoted to paintings
presented to the museum by Andrew Melon.
A. suitable for
B. devoid of
C. reserved for
D. divested of
21.One of the most widely discussed environmental effects of supersonic
travel is the sonic boom.
A. completely
B. distantly
C. extensively
D. deliberately
22.It is generally believed that the principal ancestor of the domestic cat
is the Libyan desert cat.
A. chief
B. official
C. only
D. probable
23.The optical properties of a diamond give it the beauty that makes it
pleasing as a gem.
A. popular
B. valuable
C. acceptable
D. attractive
24.Devaluation is an official decrease in the par value of a nations
currency.
A. money
B. taxes
C. prices
D. wealth
25.The new method of inoculation was the scientific discovery of the age.
54

A. experiment in
B. concept of
C. strain of
D. procedure for
26.If there are civilizations on other planets, they are likely to be radically
different from ours.
A. exactly
B. approximately
C. partially
D. basically
27.Mary McCarthys novel The Group helped to solidify her position as
Americas foremost female author.
A. describe
B. assure
C. characterize
D. direct
28.Nineteenth century scholars tried to trace the origins of modern
languages to ancient Hebrew.
A. limit
B. connect
C. convert
D. draw
29.Any sketch of Amelia Earharts life will certainly mention her last flight.
A. book on
B. outline
C. index of
D. information on
30.A dogs most important sense is that of smell.
A. remarkable
B. enviable
C. noticeable
D. significant
31.A cathode emits electrons in a controlled environment.
A. submits
B. gives off
C. rejects
D. passes by
32.In his novels, Upton Sinclair showed his unique genius for recreating
social history.
A. proven
B. understandable
C. peerless
D. understated
33.One out of five bridges in the United States is outmoded.
A. narrow
B. obsolete
C. illegal
D. concrete
55

34.In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Reverend Dimmesdale

succumbed to Hesters charms.
A. appealed to
B. conversed about
C. cared nothing for
D. yielded to
35.Although the work needs to be done more exhaustively, efforts have
been made to collect the songs and ballads of the American Revolution.
A. precisely
B. selectively
C. frantically
D. thoroughly
36.A childs behavior often changes in the presence of strangers.
A. personality
B. conduct
C. comprehension
D. attitude
37.Deems Taylor was distinguished both as a music critic and as a
composer.
A. inventive
B. classified
C. eminent
D. different
38.When bothered by other animals or humans, some species of horned
lizards will posture threateningly and squirt blood from their eyes.
A. menacingly
B. distrustfully
C. fiercely
D. impudently
39.The disease, rust, stunts a plants growth and leads to the destruction
of the plant.
A. enhances
B. moderates
C. stops
D. hinders
40.Chemically pure iron has relatively few commercial uses.
A. Unrefined
B. unadulterated
C. clear
D. stable
TEST 6
1. No part of New Hampshire is far from water.
A. mountain
B. town
C. section
D. role
2. The company issues an annual report every March.
56

A. a yearly
B. a comprehensive
C. a financial
D. a product
3. Bay laureal leaves are still an emblem of victory.
A. a symbol
B. a result
C. a suggestion
D. a spoil
4. X-rays are basically a form of radiation.
A. fundamentally
B. definitely
C. probably
D. frequently
5. When Washington, D. C, was burned in 1814, Dolley Madison rescued
many official papers from the White House.
A. stole
B. filed
C. hid
D. saved
6. The Depression in the United States lasted until the beginning of the
Second World War.
A. was avoided
B. continued
C. had been restrained
D. deteriorated
7. The womens army Corps was founded in 1942.
A. supported
B. established
C. discovered
D. emphasized
8. The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important America
ecological concern.
A. migration
B. population
C. existence
D. evolution
9. One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in
1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.
A. most serious disappointments
B. most significant advances
C. most abrupt declines
D. most crucial situation
10.
The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.
A. completely destroy
B. carefully disguise
C. sustain
D. contain
11.
Blue green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.
57

A. primarily
B. slowly
C. on plants
D. in great numbers
12.
Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.
A. expected
B. chief
C. natural
D. least
13.
As both a religion and a social force, Puritanism has had a
widespread influence in the United States.
A. a disturbing
B. a complex
C. an annoying
D. a far reaching
14.
Formerly, in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty
nurses rather than in hospitals.
A. previously
B. strictly
C. officially
D. periodically
15.
Neighboring states often sign trade agreements with one another.
A. peacefully
B. friendly
C. adjacent
D. developing
16.
The national industrial recover act was designed to spur industry.
A. tax
B. stimulate
C. censure
D. rebuke
17.
When the Erie Canal was built in the 1820s , it was the
engineering marvel of its time.
A. wonder
B. dispute
C. frustration
D. model
18.
Communications is one of the most important bonds that hold
cultural systems together.
A. obligations
B. qualities
C. links
D. needs
19.
In 1974 Henry Ruths monumental life time record of 714 home
runs.
A. archaic
B. degrading
C. outstanding
D. entire
58

20.
An oversight in proofreading often results in printed errors.
A. an inconsistency
B. a discrimination
C. a blotch
D. an inattention
21.
Food must be moist in order to have a taste.
A. appetizing
B. nutritious
C. damp
D. chewed
22.
Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not
foolproof, it is the best method available at present.
A. wholly operational
B. entirely serviceable
C. fully reliable
D. completely safe
23.
Mary McCarhys satires are couched in a prose style that has a
classic precision.
A. fused
B. prefaced
C. standardized
D. expressed
24.
The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified.
A. inflated
B. stable
C. varied
D. well regulated
25.
Motivation is a primary factor in learning.
A. memorization
B. aptitude
C. intelligence
D. incentive
26.
Double Eagle II, the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid
crowds in France.
A. eager
B. surging
C. appreciative
D. vigorous
27.
Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict.
A. become rigid
B. contract
C. close
D. die
28.
The fear of small pox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has
no analogy today.
A. occurrence
B. remnants
C. witnesses
D. parallel
59

29.
The flower bud of a water lily opens at sunset since its opening is
triggered by the decreased light.
A. alleviated
B. endured
C. set off
D. covered up
30.
Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.
A. reorganized
B. started
C. encouraged
D. taught
31.
Modern techniques have made dentures virtually unnoticeable.
A. false teeth
B. surgical implants
C. artificial hair
D. plastic surgery
32.
Early log cabins were crude if sturdy structures.
A. unpainted
B. resilient
C. unseasoned
D. rough
33.
The first American Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth,
Massachusetts in 1621.
A. retained
B. declared
C. celebrated
D. arranged
34.
Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps,
it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential.
A. misunderstanding
B. accidents
C. misfortunes
D. incidentals
35.
Considerable energy savings are made in parts of California by
harvesting melons at night.
A. picking
B. planting
C. watering
D. packing
36.
The library has announced that henceforth, fines on overdue books
will be 25 cents per day.
A. for the time being
B. across the board
C. from now on
D. as a result
37.
When the tombs of two Zhongshan rulers were excavated, two of
the vessels found, which were more than 2,200 years old, still had
wine in them.
A. chambers
60

B. containers
C. remains
D. coffins
38.
The kiwi is a peculiar flightless creature with furry feathers and a
long, curved beak.
A. a particular
B. a solemn
C. an awkward
D. an old
39.
American children customarily go trick-or-treating on Halloween .
A. gaily
B. traditionally
C. readily
D. inevitably
40.
Our knowledge of at least two-thirds of the worlds languages
remains scanty.
A. theoretical
B. meager
C. indeterminate
D. implicit
WORDLIST TEST 6
1. Abrupt /brpt/
2. Adjacent /dzeisnt/
3. Alleviate/ livieit/
4. Analogy/ n ldzi/
5. Aptitude / ptitju:d/
6. Avid/ vid/
7. Awkward /o:kwd/
8. Blotch
9. Bond
10.
Breakthrough
11.
Censure/sen/
12.
Chamber/teib/
13.
Constrict/knstrikt/
14.
Couch /kaut/
15.
Crucial /kru:l/
16.
Crude
17.
Decline / diklain/
18.
Degrade /digreid/
19.
20.

Denture/dent/
Depression/ dipren/

21.
Deteriorate/ditrirei
t/ lm /
22.
Discriminate

: bt ng, t ngt, him tr, gian nan

: gn k, k lin, st
: lm gim bt, lm du, lm khuy
: s tng t, ging nhau, php loi suy
: nng khiu, nng lc, khuynh hng
: khao kht, thm mun, thm thung
: lng tng, vng v, bt tin, ry r, rc ri
: nht sng ty, ch sng ty,giy thm
: kh c, li cam kt, phiu n
: s chc thng phng tuyn
: ph bnh , khin trch, ch trch
: bung, phng ng, phng lut s
: lm thui cht, bp li, sit li
: trng k, i vng, hang
: quyt nh, ct yu, ch yu
: nguyn sng, th, cha gt gia
: s suy tn, suy sp, gy mn
: ging chc, h tng cng tc, lm mt danh gi,
lm mn ra, r ra
: hm rng, b rng,
: s chn nn, ng lng, tnh trng nh n,
tr tr
: h hng, lm gim gi tr
: phn bit, nhn r s khc nhau
61

/diskrimineit/
23.
Disguise/ disgaiz/
24.
Dispute/ dispju:t/
25.
Diversified
26.
Ecological/iklodzikl
/
27.
Emblem/emblm/
28.
Endure/ indju:/
29.
Eradicate/ir dikeit/
30.
Excavate/ ekskveit/
31.
Foolproof
32.
Formerly/fo:mli/
33.
Fundamentally/
fndmentli/
34.
Henceforth
/hensfo:/
35.
Implicit
36.
Inattention
37.
indeterminate
38.
Marsh /ma:/
39.
Marvel / ma:vl/
40.
Meager /mi:g/
41.
Mishaps/mish pz/
42.
Moist
43.
Motivation
44.
Nutritious /nju:tris/
45.
Outstanding
46.
Oversight
47.
Peculiar/ pikju:lj/ l
48.
Polio/ pouliou/
49.
Rebuke/ ribju:k/
50.
Remnant
51.
Resilient /rizilint/
52.
Restrain/ristrein/
53.
Scanty /sk nti/
54.
Solemn /solm/
55.
Spur/ sp:/
56.
Sturdy/st:di/
57.
Sustain/sstein/
58.
Trigger
59.
Vessel
60.
Vigorous /vigrs/

:
:
:
:

ci trang, ngu trang, b ngoi la di

cuc tranh lun, tranh chp, bt ho, bt ng
a dng ho, nhiu mt
thuc sinh thi hc

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

tng trng, biu tng,

chu ng, cam chu, ko di, tn ti
nh r, tr tit
o, khai qut
ht sc r rng, d dng
trc y , tha xa
v c bn

: t nay tr i, v sau
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

ngm, ngm ngm, n tng,

s thiu ch , l l, l nh
v nh, v hn, l m, khng qu qut
m ly
ngc nhin, vt k diu
gy cm, gy g, khng khiu
s bt hnh, vic ri ro, tai nn
chy m, m t,
s thc y, ng c thc y
b dng, cht dinh dng
ni bt, ni ting, ng ch
s gim st, qun , st
k, khc thng, lp d,
bnh bi lit
khin trch, qu trch
ci cn li, tn d, du vt cn li
co gin , n hi, si ni, mau phc hi
ngn cn, kim ch, nn, dn li
t i, thiu , khng , nh ,cht hp
trng th, long trng, trang nghim
thc, khuyn khch, khch l
cng cp, vng chc, cng trng, sung sc
chng , duy tr, ko di
bp c, gy ra , lm n ra
bnh, chu, vi, l, thng
si ni, mnh lit, hot bt, y sinh lc

TEST 7

62

1. Though it can sense the slightest touch anywhere on the body, the
brain itself is insensitive to pain.
A. intellectualize
B. reveal
C. sensualize
D. feel
2.Congress has earmarked funds for research into alternative sources of
energy.
A. set aside
B. increased
C. turned down
D. discussed
3.Some hotels in the United States have imposed a ban on cigarette
smoking.
A. restriction
B. guarantee
C. fine
D. prohibition
4. The production of hot glass necessitates a fusion of art and technology.
A. an explosion
B. a nuclear
C. a blending
D. a combating
5. In her book of 1857, A selection of Synonyms, Elezabeth Jane
evidences a closer affinity to the modern approach to synonyms than had
hitherto been the case.
A. usually
B. traditionally
C. characteristically
D. formerly
6. It is no simple matter for champanzees accustomed to living with
human beings to return to the wild.
A. foolish
B. easy
C. common
D. unique
7. Prospects for an upturn in the economy remain bleak.
A. dismal
A. indifferent
B. encouraging
C. unknown
8. The supreme court only takes on cases it believes warrant its
attention.
A. demand
B. respect
C. merit
D. guarantee
9. The saber-tooth tiger had very long, slender upper canines.
A. sharp
63

B. curved
C. thin
D. ferocious
10.
The 1908 Siberian meteorite explosion brought about considerable
depletion of the northern hemispheres ozone layer.
A. was caused by
B. resulted in
C. brought back
D. was initiated by
11.
Killing frosts occur when moisture within plant cells freezes.
A. inside
B. surrounding
C. combined with
D. involved with
12.Aristotle believed that a thrown ball traveled in a straight line until the
force impelling it was exhausted.
A. used up
B. debilitated
C. diverted
D. tired out
13.Studies of climatology indicate that volcanic dust in the atmosphere
may contribute to the onset of ice ages.
A. explain
B. insinuate
C. suggest
D. prove
14.Taillevents fame as a chef has endured since the 14th century.
A. cook
B. soldier
C. diplomat
D. leader
15. From the first, president Reagans avowed intention was to change
the course of the American economy.
A. nature
B. productivity
C. uncertainty
D. direction
16. The word antonym was coined in 1857.
A. invented
B. current
C. codified
D. valued
17.Alexander Hamilton remained adamantly opposed to the policies of
John Adams throughout the latters presidency.
A. admirably
B. strongly
C. inflexibly
D. manfully
64

20.
The use of Navajo code talkers resolved a situation of the utmost
gravity in world war II.
A. delicacy
B. seriously
C. levity
D. deadliness
21.
Rote learning is now considered to be of dubious worth.
A. dual
B. questionable
C. spurious
D. salient
22.
Even more powerful computers are needed to process all the
pertinent information required for accurate weather forecasting.
A. sophisticated
B. complex
C. different
D. relevant
23.
Eye glasses have been in use since about 1300.
A. spectacles
B. goblets
C. binoculars
D. telescopes
24.
Hair is found exclusively in mammals.
A. particularly
B. commonly
C. exceptionally
D. only
25.
While endeavoring to find a new route to India, Columbus
discovered America by accident.
A. sailing
B. falling
C. trying
D. hoping
26.
Many countries nowadays restrict the exportation of genuine
archeological artifacts.
A. particular
B. rare
C. authentic
D. costly
27.
The design of wildlife refuges is still a matter of considerable
controversy.
A. significance
B. debate
C. urgency
D. concern
28.
Patrick Henry delivered his speech asking for liberty or death at a
church in Richmond, Virginia.
A. made
B. went over
65

C. announced
D. handed over
29.
Cashiers must generally account for discrepancies between money
taken in and the amount recorded on register tapes.
A. deficits
B. delays
C. inconsistencies
D. uncertainties
30.
With the coming of the Christmas shopping season, downtown
traffic is often diverted.
A. entertained
B. rerouted
C. delayed
D. deterred
31.
The inland Caspian Sea is saline.
A. salubrious
B. extensive
C. navigable
D. salty
32.
Aside from its reproduction on the one dollar bill, the reverse of the
Great Seal of the United States has hardly been used.
A. except for
B. since
C. as a result of
D. in addition to
33.
Carpets from countries such as Persia and Afghanistan often fetch
high prices in the United States.
A. Artifacts
B. Rugs
C. Pottery
D. Textiles
34.
After the tremendous improvements of recent years, the hugeness
of the first computers is almost shocking to use today.
A. slowness
B. primitive appearance
C. ugliness
D. vast size
35.
After attempting to join a religious order in 1862, Auguste Rodin
finally yielded to his inclination to pursue an artistic career.
A. resisted
B. understood
C. gave in to
D. returned to
36.
The divers task was complicated by the fact that, besides the gold,
the wreck contained bombs and ammunition.
A. next to
B. away from
C. allied to
D. in addition to
66

37.
The 1961 missile crisis brought the world to the verge of all-out
war.
A. horror
B. brink
C. prospect
D. danger
38.
Theodore Roosevelt as blessed with a hearty constitution.
A. robust
B. legal
C. weak
D. cardiac
39.
Given current economic trends, liberal increases in the money
supply appear unlikely in the extreme.
A. following
B. presenting
C. in view of
D. in lieu of
40.
Engineers are still trying to come up with a commercially viable
replacement for internal combustion engines.
A. desirable
B. driveable
C. accessible
D. feasible
41.
It takes roughly 4.000 pounds of petals to make a single pound of
rose oil.
A. as much as
B. amazingly
C. more or less
D. relatively
42.
Further arms limitations talks were called off when congress failed
to ratify the treaty.
A. cancelled
B. postponed
C. scheduled
D. interrupted
WORDLIST TEST 7
1. adamantly / dmntli/
2. ammunition / mjunin/
3. artefacts
4. authentic /oentik/
5. bleak
6. blend
7. brink
8. canine/keinain/
9. cardiac / ka:di k/
10.
codify

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(adv) cng rn
n dc, qun trang qun dng
dng c do ngi lm ra
(adj) xc thc, ng tin, ch thc
trng tri, lnh lo, hoang vng, m m
trn ln, pha trn, hp nhau
b ming, da
rng nanh
thuc kch thch tim
lp iu l, h thng ho, son lut l
67

11.
coin
12.
constitution
13.
controversy/
kontrvsi/
14.
debate / dibeit/
15.
debilitate / dibiliteit/
16.
depletion
17.
deter
18.
discrepancy/
diskrepnsi/
19.
dismal/ dizml/
20.
divert / daiv:t/
21.
dubious/ djubis/
22.
earmark
23.
endeavor / indev/
24.
endure
25.
evidence/ evidns/

: c tin, to ra
: hin php, s thit lp, to thnh
: (n) s tranh lun, tranh ci, bn ci
: cuc tranh lun, tho lun, tranh ci
: (v) lm yu sc
: s tho ra, s rt ht ra, s x ht ra, s lm
kit sc
: ngn cn, cn tr, lm nn lng, nht ch
: s khc nhau, khng nht qun, tri ngc

bun thm, ti tm, phin mun

(vt) lm trch hng, tiu khin, gii tr
l m, m h, ng ng, khng chc chn
du nh tai
s c gng, n lc
chu ng, cam chu, ko di, tn ti
bng chng, chng c, r rng, hin nhin,
chng t , chng minh
dnh ring, c bit cho
d tn, hng c, d man, tn bo
s lm cho chy ra, nu chy ra, hp nht, lin
hip
tht, chnh cng, xc thc
(n) ly c chn, cc nh c chn
vui v, thn mt, nng nhit, mnh kho, trng
kin
bn cu no

:
:
:
:
:
:

(adv) cho n nay

y , thc p, bt buc
bt chu, gnh vc, cng ng, nh tra
thay cho
nghing, dc, s ci
s mu thun, tri ngc

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

26.
27.
28.

exclusively
ferocious / frous/
fusion

:
:
:

29.
30.
31.

genuine/ dzenjuin/
goblets/ goblit/
hearty /ha:ti/

:
:
:

32.
hemisphere /
hemisfi/
33.
hitherto / hi tu:/
34.
impel
35.
impose
36.
in lieu /lju/
37.
inclination
38.
inconsistency
/inknsistnsi/
39.
initiate/ iniiit/
40.
insinuate / insinjueit/
41.
intellectualize/
intilektjulaiz/
42.
manfully
43.
merit
44.
necessitate/
nisesiteit/
45.
ratify /r tifai/
46.
refuge /refju:dz/

: c kt np, khai tm, bt u, khi xng

: (vt) ni bng gi, m ch, lun lt
: tr thc ho
: dng mnh, to bo, can trng, kin quyt
: cng lao, s kin, hnh ng xng ng c
khen thng
: bt phi, i hi phi, cn phi c
: thng qua, ph chun
: n nu, tr n, ni nng nu
68

47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

robust / roubst/
rug
sabre-tooth
salient / selint/
salubrious/ slubris/
sensualize/senulaiz/
slender
spurious / spjuris/
verge /v:dz/
yield

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

trng kin , cng trng

thm dy chi chn. mn chn
rng ca
hay nhy, ni bt, ng ch , li ra
(adj) lnh, tt, em li sc khe
bin thnh th nhc dc
mnh mai, thon th
(adj) sai, khng xc thc, gi mo
b ,ven
li nhun, li tc, sn xut , lm ra

TEST 8.
1. Professional gamblers will rarely back a long shot.
A. an unlikely winner
B. an inconsistent player
C. a distant target
D. an away game
2. Enraged by being taxed without being given representation, New
Englanders tipped tea into Boston harbor.
A. disappointed
B. infuriated
C. alienated
D. endangered
3. Probably due to her failure to recognize the male of the species, the
female praying mantis often devours him.
A. reflecting
B. aside from
C. causing
D. because of
4. In a period of economic stagnation, finding a job is particularly difficult
for those in certain groups.
A. individually
B. fundamentally
C. especially
D. privately
5. The degree to which heat affects tennis players performance depends
in part on the level of humidity.
A. extent
B. temperature
C. height
D. strength
6. Some critics claim that links between academics and biotechnology
companies are a menace to unfettered research.
A. an incentive
B. a nuisance
C. a threat
D. an invitation
69

7. The practical applications of the gyroscope received added impetus

during the two world wars.
A. considerable
B. extra
C. summary
D. infinite
8. Even a century after the end of the Civil War, old grievances still
rankled
A. prevailed
B. threatened
C. appeared
D. irritated
9. John F. Kennedy was born into a well-to-do Massachusetts family in
1917.
A. privileged
B. prosperous
C. famous
D. respected
10.
In 1981, the world recession and conservation measures combined
to curb demand for oil.
A. restrict
B. involve
C. spread
D. affect
11.
Diving is the leading cause of spinal- cord injuries.
A. primary
B. ultimate
C. conductive
D. utmost
12.
The choice of a particular career is influenced by a number of
factors.
A. usefulness
B. success
C. desirability
D. selection
13.
Washingtons army, consisting mainly of farmers and backwoodsmen, lacked military supplies.
A. exclusively
B. fortunately
C. principally
D. initially
14.
United States presidents often greet foreign dignitaries on the
White House lawn.
A. welcome
B. congratulate
C. address
D. accredit
15.
Many properties of the atmosphere affects the amount of solar
radiation that reaches the earth.
70

A. belongings
B. impurities
C. levels
D. characteristics
16.
New chemical dyes for coating glasses have been developed which
screen out harmful light rays.
A. invisible
B. damaging
C. dreadful
D. excessive
17.
In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by
making them several time larger than others.
A. distinguished
B. estranged
C. enlarged
D. deferred
18.
The company possesses unique research capabilities.
A. single
B. only
C. unequalled
D. different
19.
Chimpanzees are frequently used as stand-ins for human beings in
experiments.
A. partners
B. role-models
C. stand-bys
D. substitutes
20.
Viewers often find the paintings of the photo-Bealist school some
what disconcerting.
A. rather
B. thoroughly
C. very
D. instrinsically
21.
Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms
account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of
ice.
A. are caused by
B. explain
C. derive from
D. constitute
22.
No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to rival Ann
Landers popularity in terms of readership.
A. though
B. in spite of
C. even
D. so far
23.
Any politicians find that they can no longer afford the luxury of a
personal chauffeur.
A. valet
71

B. driver
C. secretary
D. servant
24.
The United States Food and Drug Administration has shown itself to
be particularly wary with regard to alleged miracle drugs in recent
times.
A. bellicose
B. exhausted
C. cautious
D. severe
25.
The plainer a bower birds plumage, the more brightly it decorates
its nest to attract a mate.
A. more spectacular
B. duller
C. flatter
D. more melancholy
26.
Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the
possibility of a peaceful solution.
A. presaged
B. prejudiced
C. anticipated
D. prevented
27.
Cow-rie shells were once in widespread use as a token of value.
A. a symbol
B. an amount
C. a thing
D. an investment
28.
Because leeches behavior patterns are simple, it is relatively easy
to identify which neurons govern which behavior.
A. apparently
B. comparatively
C. obviously
D. consequently
29.
Adverse reviews in the New York press may greatly change the
prospects of a news Broadway production.
A. additional
B. encouraging
C. unfavorable
D. subversive
30.
Translating literally from one language to another works
unsatisfactorily at best.
A. pays
B. functions
C. reads
D. labors
31.
The army permitted Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders to carry six
shooters instead of regular army weapons.
A. allowed
B. forced
72

C. instructed
D. convinced
32.
The quest for supercomputers is intensifying.
A. investment
B. challenge
C. search
D. demand
33.
Some brush fires are set on purpose.
A. deliberately
B. at will
C. spontaneously
D. on impulse
34.
A number of animals in Aesops fables are portraved as being
crafty.
A. Vain
B. Virtuous
C. Artistic
D. Cunning
35.
The founder of the American Red Cross was Clara Barton.
A. leader
B. backer
C. discoverer
D. originator
36.
General acceptance of 3-D films may prove hard to come by, as
the experience of three decades ago indicated.
A. obtain
B. explain
C. understand
D. discern
37.
Perhaps more than anything else, it was onerous taxes that led to
the Peasants revolt in England in 1381.
A. multiple
B. unjust
C. burdensome
D. infamous
38.
Psychologists have recently mounted an offensive against what
they describe as nastiness toward students by educators.
A. arbitrariness
B. unpleasantness
C. severity
D. aloofness
39.
Recent research into aging suggests that the bodys defense
mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.
A. insane
B. infectious
C. foreign
D. poisonous
40.
Jane Austens Persuasion was not published until 1818, after the
authors death.
73

A. edited
B. issued
C. publicized
D. promoted
WORDLIST TEST 8
Accredit / kredit/
2. Adverse / dv:s/
3. Alienate / eilineit/
4. Allege
5. Anticipate / ntisipeit/
6. Arbitrariness
7. Bellicose / belikous/
8. Belongings
9. Biotechnology /
baiteknoldzi/
10. Chimpanzee /timpnzi:/
11.
Conducive
12. Crystalline / kristlaiz/
13. Curb / k:b/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(Vt) lm cho c tn nhim, gy uy tn

bt li , i ch, chng i
lm cho gin ght, xa lnh, chuyn nhng,
cho l, khng nh
thy trc, bit trc, liu trc
tnh chuyn quyn, c on
hiu chin, thch nh nhau, hay gy g
dng c nhn, b con h hng
cng ngh sinh hc

:
:
:
:

14.
Defer
15.
Derive/ diraiv/
16.
Desirability
17. Differentiate / difreniet/
18. Disconcert /diskns:t/

:
:
:
:
:

19.
Duller
20.
Enrage / inreidz/
21.
Estrange/ istreindz/
22.
Excessive
23.
Extent
24. Gyroscope / dzairskoup/
25.
Impulse
26. Impurity/ impjuriti/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

27.
Incentive / insentiv/
28. Infuriate / infjurieit/
29.
Irritate/ iriteit/
30. Mantis / m ntis/
31. Melancholy /melkli/
32. Menace/ mens/
33.
Nuisance / nju:sns/
34. Onerous / onrs/
35.
Preclude/ priklu:d/
36.
Prejudice / predzudis/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) con tinh tinh

c ch, c li
kt tinh, bng pha l
s kim ch, nn li,b, thnh ging, l ng
hon, tr hon, chm li
xut pht, chuyn ho t
s thm mun, kht khao
phn bit, khu bit
lm o ln, lm ri, lm mt bnh tnh,
lm cung
chm hiu, ti d, n, nghnh ngng
lm gin in ln, lm in tit
vt lm cho xa l, gh lnh, ly gin
qu mc, tha, qu th , qu ng
qui m, phm vi
con quay hi chuyn
cn bc ng, s thi thc
s khng trong sch, khng tinh khit, d
bn, cht bn
s khch l, thc y
lm tc in ln
(vt) lm pht cu, chc tc, lm ty ln
con b nga
u su, u ut, su mun
e do , uy hip, mi e do
mi gy kh chu, phin toi
nng n kh nhc, phin h
loi tr, ngn nga, y xa
nh kin, thnh kin, thin kin

1.

74

37.
Presage /presidz/
38. Privilege/ privlidz/
39. Rankle / r kl/
40.
Spinal-cord
41. Spontaneously/
sponteinsli/
42.
Stand-ins
43. Substitute / sbstitjut/
Subversive / sbvsiv/
45.
Target / ta:git/
46. Ultimate /ltimit/
47.
Utmost
48.
Valet
49. Virtuous/ v:tus/
50.
Wary
44.

:
:
:
:
:

im, linh tnh (v) tin on, bo trc

c quyn, c li, c n
giy v, lm au n, kh s, vim sng ty
xng sng
t ng, t pht, khng g b

: ngi ng vai ph, ng th

: ngi thay th, vt thay th, thay th, lm
thay
: c tnh cht lt , ph v
: bia mc tiu, ch
: cui cng, sau cng, tt bc, ti thng
: tn cng, cc k
: y t, ngi hu
: c o c, oan chnh
: thn trng, cnh gic, phng

TEST 9.
1. President Eilenhowers confidence was infectisous.
A. dangerous
B. contagious
C. subject to quarantine
D. prone to relapse
2. Impending changes in tax legislation should provide a boost t industry.
A. recommended
B. important
C. imminent
D. favorable
3. Certain diseases of the brain are suffered by human beings alone.
A. On their own
B. singly
C. without help
D. only
4. Alexander Hamilton is generally regarded as the founder of the
modern Republican party.
A. derided
B. reviled
C. concerned
D. viewed
5. Really bright comets, which scare some people, occur only a few times
each century.
A. attract
B. frighten
C. affect
D. excite
6. Scientists have found surprising evidence of a response in plants to
physical abuse.
75

A. reaction
B. warning
C. disposition
D. trigger mechanism
7. The current trend towards a lowering of interest rates is predicated on
an upcoming loosening of the money supply.
A. electric
B. alternative
C. actual
D. present
8. Older brothers and sisters sometimes unwittingly reduce the
confidence of younger siblings.
A. unfairly
B. seemingly
C. unintentionally
D. unpleasantly
9. Spain gave up its control of Guam in 1897.
A. relinquished
B. upgraded
C. strengthened
D. transferred
10.
An odometer is a device for measuring distance traveled.
A. a hypothesis
B. an instrument
C. a figure
D. an engine
11.
Excavation for the first time atomic power plant at Shipping port,
Pennsylvania, started officially in 1954.
A. planning
B. preparations
C. exploration
D. digging
12.
A number of third world nations have accumulated staggering
foreign debts since the oil crisis of 1973- 1974.
A. overwhelming
B. intolerable
C. wobbling
D. surmountable
13.
In common with his predecessors, the Japanese emperor bears a
name never given to any other child.
A. In association with
B. In imitation of
C. Like
D. Ignoring
14.
Although starfish are of great interest to scientists because of their
extraordinary capacity for regenerating limbs, they are less so to skin
divers, as they exude a paralyzing poison.
A. inflict
B. bring up
76

C. inject
D. give off
15.
Data books make a popular Christmas gift.
A. appointment books
B. books of facts
C. cookbooks
D. calendars
16.
Evidence exists that hearing problems may be alleviated by
changes in diet and exercise habits.
A. initiated
B. lessened
C. cured
D. complicated
17.
Martin Couney was zealous in his efforts to ensure the survival of
premature babies.
A. creative
B. unusual
C. fervent
D. pioneering
18.
Entertaining on a lavish scale sometimes pays off for businesses.
A. slavishly
B. extravagantly
C. exotically
D. snobbishly
19.
In the history of the New York Stock Exchange, 1929 must be rated
as the most shattering year.
A. condemned
B. quoted
C. ranked
D. impugned
20.
Mimicry of other, unpalatable species enables many butterflies to
protect themselves from potential predators.
A. imitation
B. camouflage
C. techniques
D. prusuite
21.
Over the past ten years, more and more American men have
begun to use make up products.
A. artificial
B. diet
C. cosmetic
D. health
22.
Mother Teresas unceasing efforts on behalf of Calcuttas poor
eventually brought her the Nobel Prize.
A. in the area of
B. directed at
C. at he behest of
D. for the benefit of
77

23.
Scientists are expected to carry out thoroughgoing studies to back
up claims made concerning new drugs.
A. support
B. elevate
C. investigate
D. challenge
24.
Views regarding private education appear to be changing.
A. intentions
B. foresights
C. opinions
D. projects
25.
Nathan Hale doggedly refused to accept English rule of the
colonies.
A. resolutely
B. animatedly
C. petulantly
D. faithfully
26.
Many immigrants, when they first arrived in the United States,
were forced to engage in menial jobs.
A. significantly
B. lowly
C. rough
D. remedial
27.
German meteorologists have correlated each of six weather phases
with the onset of certain medical conditions, ranging from epilepsy to
stomach pain.
A. worsening
B. pain
C. diagnosis
D. start
28.
Only one of the worlds ten highest peaks lies outside of the
Himalayas .
A. rises up
B. is located
C. originates
D. is discernible
29.
When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were
perplexed by the approach it involved.
A. puzzled
B. shocked
C. frightened
D. annoyed
30.
Throughout her career, Mary Baker shrewdly maintained tight
control over the affairs of the Church of Christ- Scientist.
A. stubbornly
B. tactfully
C. astutely
D. ruefully
31.
Certain nerve gases are extremely toxic.
78

A. dangerous
B. volatile
C. poisonous
D. ephemeral
32.
Cattle raising began in Texas well before the Civil War.
A. just
B. properly
C. shortly
D. long
33.
The introduction of Fords ideas revolutionized the auto-making
industry.
A. implementation
B. publication
C. production
D. presentation
34.
From the outset it was clear that the Mediterranean fruit fly
constituted a threat to agricultural production.
A. information
B. beginning
C. explanation
D. consequences
35.
All efforts to persuade at least one of the residents of the Mount St.
Helen area to leave were to no avail.
A. indecisive
B. imprudent
C. mistaken
D. unsuccessfully
36.
George Ravencrofts invention of lead crystal in the late
seventeenth century was crucial to the development of optical lenses.
A. essential to
B. prior to
C. dependent on
D. instructive for
37.
It was a widespread belief in the nineteenth century that railroads
were the ultimate mode of transport.
A. contagious
B. expansive
C. common
D. broad
38.
Tests by psychologists have shown that people conceive of
intelligence as having three facets.
A. bases
B. aspects
C. definitions
D. levels
39.
Government health campaigns have fostered an awareness of the
dangers in certain social habits.
A. engendered
B. perfected
79

C. discovered
D. encouraged
40.
Painters such as Thomas Eakins and Winslow Homer adapted
themselves to the photographic image, but tried to transcend it.
A. go beyond
B. reach in to
C. transmit
D. modify
WORDLIST TEST 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Alleviate
Animatedly
Astutely
Avail
Behest
Boost

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
7. Camouflage
:
:
8. Conceive
:
9. Condemn
:
10.
Correlate :
11.
Diagnosis :
12.
Discernibl :
e
13.
Dispositio :
n
14.
Doggedly :
15.
Elevate
:
16.
Ephemer :
al
17.
Ephemer :
als
18.
Epilepsy
:
19.
Excavatio :
n
20.
Exotically :
21.
Expansiv :
e
22.
Extravag :
antly
23.
Exude
:
24.
Faithfully :
25.
Fervent
:
26.
Foresight :
s
27.
Foster
:
28.
Hypothes :

(v) lm nh bt, gim bt, lm khuy, du

(adv) y sc sng, sinh kh, no nhit,
(adv) tinh ranh, lu lnh
(v) gip ch , c li cho
(N) ch th mnh lnh
(n) s qung co rm beng, s tng gi, ni ting
(v) nng ln, rm beng
(n) s ngu trang
(v) ngu trang
(v) din t, by t, thai nghn trong c,
(v) kt n, x pht, ch trch, ln n, p buc
(v) c tng quan, tng lin
(n) chn on
(adj) c th nhn thc r, thy r
(n) s sp xp, b tr
(adv) gan l, bn ch, v cng
(v) Nng ln, a ln, ngng ln
(adj) ph du, sm cht, chng tn
(adj) ph du, sm cht, chng tn
(n) chng ng kinh
(n) s o, khai qut
(adv) k l, ngoi lai
(adj) c th m rng, bnh trng,pht trin
(adv) ngng cung, qui g
(v) r , a
(adv) trung thnh, trung thu
(adj) nng nhit, tha thit, si sc
(n) s thy trc, s nhn thy trc
(v) nui dng, p , bi dng
(n) gi thuyt
80

is
29.
30.
31.
t
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
ming
39.
40.
sor
41.
42.
e
43.
te
44.

Imminent
Impend
Impruden

: (adj) sp xy ra,
: (v) sp xy n, treo l lng, ang e do
: (adj) khng thn trng, khing xut

Impugn
: (v) cng kch, bi bc, nghi vn
Infectious : (adj) ly nhim
Lavish
: (adj) phung ph, hoang tong (v) tiu xi hoang
ph, lng ph
Menial
: (adj) dnh cho ngi hu lm
Onset
: (n) s tn cng, cng kch
Outset
: (n) s bt u, ming ging
Overwhel : (adj) trn ngp, lm trn vi, qu manh, t hn
Petulantly : (adv) nng ny, hay hn di
Predeces : (n) ngi tin nhim, ngi ph trch trc
Prone
: (adj) p , sp, nm sng soi
Quarantin : (n) thi gian cch li, s kim dch
Regenera

: (v) ti sinh, phc hi, ci to

Relapse

45.
h
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
g
51.

Relinquis

: (n) s ti pht bnh

: (v) tr li, ri vo
: (v) b khng lm, t b, bung th

Remedial
Response
Revile
Ruefully
Shatterin

:
:
:
:
:

Shrewdly

52.
53.
54.
y
55.
56.
y
57.
able
58.
59.
going
60.
ess
61.

Sibling
Slavishly
Snobbishl

: (adv) khn ngoan, thng minh, linh li, au n ,

nhc nhi
: (n) anh ch em rut
: (adv) n l, hn h, m qung
: (adv) hm mnh, ua i, trng gi hc lm
sang
: (n) s lo o, bc i long chong
: (adv) bng bnh, ng ngnh, khng khoan nhng

Stagger
Stubbornl

(adj) cha bnh , iu tr, sa cha

(n) tr li, p li, hng ng, i ph li
(v) chi ra, mng nhic, s v
(adv) bun b, ru r, thm no
(adj) rt gy ri, lm chong

Surmount : (adj) c th khc phc c , vt qua c

Tactfully
Thorough

: (adv) kho x , lch thip

: (adj) t m, cn thn, hon ton

Thoughtl

: nh d, d bay hi

Toxic

: (adj) c
81

62.
d
63.
64.
ly
65.
(adj)
66.

Transcen

: (v) vt qu, hn

Ultimate
Unwitting

: (adj) cui cng, cht, c bn , nn tng

: (adv) khng ch tm, khng c

Volatile

: khng kin nh, hay thay i, nh

Wobbling

: (n) s lc l, s lung lay

TEST 10
1. The monetarist case has been vividly expressed by Milton Friedman .
A. Issue
B. argument
C. example
D. strongbox
2. Registering a patent entails a number of expenses.
A. includes
B. saves
C. involves
D. precludes
3. There is no known cure for dyslexia, but neurologists are developing
ways to help sufferers cope with it.
A. retard
B. dispense with
C. deal with
D. eradicate
4. Detroit, founded a hundred years before Chicago, enjoys a favorable
geographical location.
A. a preferential
B. a pleasing
C. an exceptional
D. an advantageous
5. Maps of the brain at work are becoming increasingly accurate.
A. complex
B. precise
C. disparate
D. confusing
6. In his book, William James did not hesitate to devote several pages to
arguments he felt deserved careful scrutiny.
A. examination
B. exposition
C. detailing
D. recounting
7. The safety features make it almost impossible to open the door
inadvertently.
A. dangerously
B. hastily
C. accidentally
82

D. incautiously
8. Electronics firms continue to seek ways of cramming more bits of
information onto tiny silicon chips.
A. find
B. look for
C. stake out
D. reveal
9. Before he became president, Truman was given to hint regarding the
atomic bomb project.
A. detail
B. authority
C. explanation
D. indication
10.
The series of breathing and clicking sounds that constitute the
Kung language have so far defied transcription.
A. resisted
B. avoided
C. challenged
D. scorned
11.
The first ice-boxes were quite fancy pieces of dining room furniture.
A. whimsical
B. delightful
C. elaborate
D. delicate
12.
The bulk of the Wheat exported from the United States comes
from the mid-west.
A. majority
B. surplus
C. best
D. profitability
13.
Benjamin Lee has pointed out that the Hopi language practically
forces its users to observe vibratory phenomena.
A. virtually
B. usefully
C. relatively
D. repeatedly
14.
Coffee consumption by American coffee drinkers diminished to
2.o6 cups per day by 1979.
A. amounted
B. improved
C. dropped
D. fluctuated
15.
Many animals have evolved complicated ways of transferring
environmentally learned information to each members of their species.
A. combined
B. complementary
C. complicit
16.
Though often quoted, the Hawthorne Effect is viewed as
defective by most psychologists.
83

A. valued
B. cited
C. touted
D. defended
17.
In the late seventies, the price of gold rose sharply on account of a
worldwide sense of insecurity.
A. on behalf of
B. in payment of
C. together with
D. because of
18.
The word you, originally a plural only, was first used in
addressing one person as a term of respect.
A. a means
B. a show
C. an expression
D. an example
19.
The demise of the dinosaurs still mystifies scientists.
A. bone structure
B. extinction
C. behavior
D. origins
20.
In the eighteenth century, William Harvey was reviled by many of
his colleagues for claiming that blood circulated through the body.
A. attacked
B. vindicated
C. revered
D. exposed
21.
The energy crisis encouraged Americans to make more sparing
use of scarce resources.
A. efficient
B. frugal
C. imaginative
D. discreet
22.
The easternmost point in the United States is West Quoddy Head,
Maine.
A. indication
B. direction
C. location
D. station
23.
Crystallization is the most frequently employed technique for the
purification of solid substances.
A. used
B. enjoined
C. belabored
D. added
24.
New Years Eve celebrations tend to be livelier than those marking
Christmas Eve.
A. more animated
B. healthier
84

C. longer
D. more spiritual
25.
Notwithstanding the fact that it is only one of Saturns many
moons, Titan is larger than the planet Mercury.
A. considering
B. with regard to
C. in spite of
D. ignoring
26.
The secretary of States illness meant that his visit had to be
curtailed.
A. postponed
B. shortened
C. cancelled
D. rearranged
27.
The phonograph brightened the lives of many people in the 1920s.
A. record player
B. electric light
C. radio
D. cinema
28.
Cereal prototypes among wild grasses have not been identified.
A. uncultivated
B. savage
C. hybrid
D. intemperate
29.The old tea clippers were largely replaced by steamships during the
nineteenth century.
A. gradually
B. imperceptibly
C. finally
D. mostly
30.The Arabic term from which the word coffee derives originally
referred to the bitter quality of the beverage itself.
A. plant
B. substance
C. drink
D. infusion
31.Peat represents the first stage in the development of coal from
vegetable matter.
A. era
B. phase
C. product
D. process
32. Cinnabar is the sole ore of mercury.
A. soldered
B. basic
C. essential
D. only
33.The United States armed forces maintain cemeteries in a number of
foreign countries.
85

A. graveyards
B. foundations
C. bases
D. camps
34. Not until they were able to discern the Statue of Liberty did many
European immigrants to the United States really believe, they would
reach their destination.
A. pass by
B. make out
C. embrace
D. visit
35. Toward the end of his life, W.C. Handy became totally blind.
A. by
B. before
C. near
D. until
36. There were a number of limiting factors on the output of consumer
durables in 1973-74.
A. outflow
B. production
C. income
D. reduction
37. The gila monster is a poisonous lizard with a stout body found in the
southwestern deserts of the United States.
A. lengthy
B. powerful
C. muscular
D. thickset
38. New York is quite muggy in the summer.
A. hot and humid
B. dangerous
C. colorful and boisterous
D. abandoned
39. Derided by modern scientists, the view was once common among alchemists that an agent existed capable of turning base metals into gold.
A. disproved
B. scorned
C. excluded
D. disputed
40. The pioneer wagon trains were usually escorted by experienced
frontiersmen.
A. organized
B. financed
C. accompanied
D. tracked
WORDLIST TEST 10
1. boisterous
: (adj) hung d, no nhit, huyn no
2. bulk
: (n) hng ha, kh ln, phn ln hn
86

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

cinabar
cite
cram
curtail
defy

8. demise
9. diminish
10.
discreet
11.
disparat
e
12.
dyslexia
13.
elaborat
e
14.
embrac
e
15.
eradicat
e
16.
fluctuat
e
17.
frugal
18.
graveya
rd
19.
hastily
20.
hint
21.
hybrid
22.
inadvert
ently
23.
incautio
usly
24.
infusion
25.
muggy
26.
mystify
27.
neurolo
gist
28.
outflow

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) s c kh
(adj) phc tp, t m, cng phu (v) tho,
son k lng
(n) ci m, s n nm vi nhau
(v) m , gh cht
(v) nh r, tr tit

:
:

(v) ln xung, thay i bt thng, bp

bnh
cn c, tit kim
(n) bi tha ma, ngha a

:
:
:
:

(adv) vi vng, hp tp
(n) li gi , bng gi, du vt
(n, adj) cy lai, ngi lai, lai
(adv) tnh c, khng c

(adv) thiu thn trng, khinh xut

:
:
:
:

(n) s pha, tim truyn

(adj) nm , m, oi ,
(v) lm bi ri, hoang mang,
(n) nh thn kinh hc

:
:
patent
:
phonogr :

29.
30.
aph
31.
preclud
e
32.
prototyp
e
33.
quote
34.
recount
35.
revile
36.
scorn
37.
scrutiny

(n) thn sa, mu son

(v) dn, trch dn
(n) s nhi s, m ng, li ni dc
(v) ct bt, rt ngn
(v) thch thc, thch , bt chp, coi thng
(n) s cho thu, chuyn nhng ti sn
(v) bt , gim, thu nh
thn trng, d dt, kn o, khn ngoan
(adj) khc hn nhau, khc loi, tp nham

(n) s chy mnh

(v) chy mnh
(adj) c bng sng ch, kho lo, tinh xo
(n) my ht

(v) loi b, ngn nga, y xa

(n) vt mu, nguyn mu

:
:
:
:
:

(n) li trch dn
(v) thut k li, k li chi tit
(v) chi ra, mng nhic, s v
(v) khinh mit, khinh b
(n) s chm ch, nhn k, nghin cu cn
87

38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
y
44.
e
45.
46.
al

sole
sparing
stake
thickset
tout
vibrator

:
:
:
:
:
:

thn
(n) c bn, lng bn chn
(adj) thanh m, tn tin, d sn
(n) cc, e nh, tin nh cuc
(adj) rm um tm, thp v chc nch
(n) ngi cho hng, phe v
(adj) rung, chn ng, gy ra rung ng

vindicat

(v) minh oan, thanh minh, chng minh

Vividly
whimsic

:
:

(adv) chi, sc s, sng ng

(adj) bt thng, hay thay i, k qui , k
d

TEST 11.
1. Larry was so absorbed in his novel that he forgot about his dinner
cooking in the oven.
A. engrossed
B. obliged
C. enlivened
D. excelled
2. Having come from an affluent society, Dick found it defficult to adjust
to a small country town.
A. affable
B. wealthy
C. overpopulated
D. large
3. The question was discarded because it was ambiguous.
A. incorrect
B. biased
C. vague
D. dull
4. Most students abhor lenthy exams at the end of the year.
A. detest
B. regret
C. nullify
D. negate
5. The news of the presidents death astonished the world.
A. alerted
B. admonished
C. atoned
D. negate
6. King Midass greed led him to spend a life of grief.
A. cruelty
B. wealth
C. warning
D. avarice
88

7. A multitude of people attended the fund-raising presentation in the

mall.
A. small number
B. select group
C. huge crowd
D. large herd
8. The new building was to be octagonal in shape.
A. five sided
B. six sided
C. seven sided
D. eight sided
9. Mark cant talk well because he has a speech impendiment.
A. skeptic
B. defect
C. imposition
D. aspect
10.
Our final assignment for the English class is to give an impromptu
speech.
A. eloquent
B. unprepared
C. technical
D. unbiased
11.The rigor exhibited by the general was totally unwarranted.
A. calisthenics
B. severity
C. march
D. cleaniness
12.The people interviewed for the survey were randomly selected.
A. carefully
B. carelessly
C. indiscriminately
D. thoughtfully
13.Lyndon John succeeded John Kennedy as president of the United
States.
A. overruled
B. preceded
C. followed
D. assisted
14. The foreign countries attempt at a blockade of the port was
unsuccessful.
A. expedition
B. opening
C. landing
D. closure
15. When he was director of the company, his first accomplishment was
to bring about better working conditions.
A. accumulation
B. achievement
C. defeat
89

D. job
16. During the American colonial period, the capable leaders instilled a
spirit of nationalism in the colonists.
A. insatiated
B. extirpated
C. implanted
D. extracted
17. Because the details of the project were rather hazy, we decided to
reject the proposal.
A. dubious
B. unobtainable
C. lucrative
D. vague
18. Many weak and incompetent rulers were overthrown by more poweful
forces.
A. incapable
B. impulsive
C. elever
D. greedy
CAPut!. The pasengers on the boat were mesmerized by the motion of
the sea.
A. paralyzed
B. hyponotized
C. nauseated
D. reverberated
20. Allowing fields to lie fallow is one means of restoring fertility.
A. unplanted
B. plowed
C. watered
D. seeded
21. The guests at the luau enjoyed it very much but refused to eat the
raw fish.
A. marinated
B. fresh
C. rotten
D. uncooked
22. American legend says that Johnny Appleseed planted apple orchards
throughout Ohio.
A. almanac
B. myth
C. history
D. record
23. After a long, hard struggle, we gradually succeeded in having people
accept the truth of our theory.
A. slowly
B. momentarily
C. suddenly
D. graciously
24. Exchanges of languages and culture were a direct result of comerce.
90

A. embargo
B. trade
C. stagnation
D. schooling
25. That artist did not achieve acclaim because he was an imitator, not a
creator.
A. a distorter
B. a copier
C. an originator
D. a burglar
26. The powerful ruler suppressed a rebellion and punished the
instigators.
A. initiated
B. supported
C. quashed
D. reinstated
27. During the war, many foreign lands were confiscated by the
government.
A. owned
B. sequestrated
C. bartered
D. sold
28.That vast region was irrigated by the large river and its many
tributaries.
A. arid
B. miniscule
C. enormous
D. damp
1. The television station was inundated with calls protesting the
distasteful program.
A. harassed
B. modulated
C. probated
D. flooded
2. The dog saw his reflection in the pool of water.
A. image
B. bone
C. imagination
D. leash
3. The fourth year sociology class was a homogeneous group of
university students.
A. uniform
B. dreary
C. imrelated
D. distinguishable
4. The tornado caused irreparable damage to the Florida citrus crop.
A. irresolute
B. irresponsible
C. irrecoverable
91

D. irregular
5. The discontented students retaliated by boycotting the school
cafeteria.
A. rewarded
B. vindicated
C. took revenge
D. fluctuated
6. The spy used a fictitious name while dealing with the enemy.
A. funny
B. false
C. real
D. foreign
7. John didnt enjoy the rock concert because he thought the tempo was
bad.
A. audience
B. rhythm
C. singer
D. weather
8. The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the childs love for his
mother.
A. a demonstration
B. an infestation
C. a combination
D. a satisfaction
9. Marvins doctor said that he was obese and had to take immediate
measures to corredt the problem.
A. anemic
B. tired
C. corpulent
D. petulant
10.
Frank condoned his brothers actions because he knew he meant
well.
A. overlooked
B. praised
C. condemned
D. satisfied
11.
Johnls unabashed hehavior caused great concern among his
teachers.
A. Terrible
B. unembarrassed
C. cowardly
D. unforgivables
12.
Many new medicines today eradicate diseases before they become
too widespread.
A wipe out
B. identify
C. prolong
D. suspend
WORDLIST TEST 11.
1. Abhor
2. Absorb
3. Admonish

:
:
:

(v) gh tm , ght cay ght ng

(v) ht m, hp th,m mi, chm ch,li cun
(v) khin trch, qu mng, cnh co, bo cho bit
92

4. Affable
5. Affluent
6. Alert
7. Almanac
8. Ambiguous
9. anemic
10.
Astound
11.
Atone
12.
Avarice
13.
Biased
14.
Blockade
15.
boycott
16.
Calisthenics
17.
citrus
18.
condemn
19.
corpulent
20.
Discard
21.
distorter
22.
dreary
23.
Dubious
24.
Engross
25.
Enliven
26.
Extirpate
27.
Fallow
28.
fictitious
29.
Graciously
30.
Greed
31.
harass
32.
Hazy
33.
Hypnotize
34.
Impediment
35.
Impulsive
36.
Incompetent

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.

Indiscriminate
infestation
Insatiated
Instil
irreparable
irresolute
leash
Lucrative
Marinate
Mesmerize
modulate

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

48.
49.

Myth
Negate

:
:

trc
(adj) lch s, nh nhn, nim n
(adj) nhiu , di do, phong ph
(adj) tnh to, cnh gic,linh li, nhanh nhn
nin lch ,nin gim
(adj) kh hiu, m h, nhp nhng
thiu mu
(v) lm kinh ngc, kinh hong, sng st
(v) dn xp, ho gii
(n) tnh hm li, tham lam
(n) xin, dc, thnh kin
(n) s phong to , s bao vy, s n tc
(v) ty chay
mn th dc mm do
ging cam qut
(v) kt n, x pht, tch thu
(adj) to bo, bo tt
(v) chui , dp bi, loi b , thi hi
(v) vn vo, bp mo, xuyn tc
(adj) ti tn , m m, bun thm
(adj) l m, khng r rng, khng ng tin cy
(v) lm m mi, thu ht, chim chon ht
(v) chn hng, hng thinh, lm si ni
(v) nh r, o tn gc, ct b
(n) t b hoang,, khng canh tc
(adj) h cu, tng tng, gi
(adv) ha nh , n cn, lng, khoan dung
(n) tnh tham lm, thi hu n
gy u phin, lo lng, quy ry
(n) m sng, m mt, chnh chong, ng ng say
(v) thi min
s tr ngi, iu ngn tr
(adj) hp tp, bc ng
(adj) thiu kh nng, thiu trnh , khng
thm quyn
(adj) khng phn bit ba bi
(n) s trn vo quy ph, ph hoi
(adj) khng bao gi tho mn
(v) truyn dn ( ngh, tnh cm) cho, nh ,r
(adj) khng th n b li c, khng th sa li
(adj) do d, phn vn, lng l, thiu quyt tm
dy, xch buc ch sn
(adj) c li, sinh li
(v) p tht bng nc p
(v) thi min
(v) iu chnh, sa li cho ng, lm cho ph
hp, ngm nga
(n) thn thoi, chuyn tng tng, hoang ng
(v) ph nh, ph nhn,
93

50.
51.
52.
53.
54.

Nullify
Oblige
petulant
Plough, plow
probate

:
:
:
:
:

55.
Reverberate
56.
Rigor
57.
Stagnation ,
stagnancy
58.
suppress
59.
tempo
60.
Vague
61.
Vague
62.
vindicate

:
:
:

(v) hu b, lm thnh v hiu

(v) bt buc, cng bch, gia n
(adj) nng ny , hay hn di
ci cy
bn sao di chc c chng thc, th tc chng thc
mt di chc
di li, vang li, phn chiu
(n) s rt run, rng mnh
s ng, tnh trng t hm

:
:
:
:
:

(v) tch thu, nh bn

(n ) tc , nhp ca bn nhc
(adj) m h, l m, mang mng, khng rnh mch
(adj) m h, mp m, khng r rng
(v) minh oan, lm sng t, thanh minh

TEST 12
1. The directors spacious new office overlooked the city.
A. Quiet
B. Colorful
C. Roomy
D. Comfortable
2. The thieves were trying to perpetrate a robbery in the office building.
A. view
B. interfere with
C. stop
D. commit
3. Before the earthquake hit the area, many minor tremors were felt.
A. spasms
B. noises
C. vibrations
D. crumbtings
4. When the protestor entered the meeting clad only in a beach towel,
the audience was dumbfounded.
A. speechles
B. excited
C. content
D. applaunding
5. Marcias career involved a dual role for her as a counselor and a
teacher.
A. tiring
B. dedicated
C. twofold
D. satisfying
6. Andys jocular manner made him loved by all his companions.
A. easygoing
B. jesting
C. intelligent
94

D. artistic
7. Sally was mortified by her dates unprecedented behavior.
A. eradicated
B. humiliated
C. overjoyed
D. challenged
8. The students wan appearance caused the teacher to send him home.
A. pale
B. shabby
C. bellicose
D. hungry
9. Nothing could efface the peoples memory of their former leaders
cuelty although many years had elapsed.
A. broaden
B. erase
C. edify
D. substantiate
10.
The doctor asked the patient to disrobe before the examination.
A. take medicine
B. breath deeply
C. relax
D. undress
11.
The protesting crowd dispersed after the rally.
A. scattered
B. became violent
C. fought
D. danced
12.
Because Dolly is such a good cook, she has concooted a great new
recipe.
A. created
B. named
C. epitomized
D. baked
13.
After the drops were placed in the patients eyes, his pupils
became dilated.
A. enlarged
B. smaller
C. irritated
D. sensible
14.
Her brusque manner surprised all of the guests.
A. satirical
B. humorous
C. shameless
D. abrupt
15.
In that organization, they place emphasis on mutual aid and
cooperation.
A. reward
B. work
C. stress
95

D. pressure
16.
She didnt say much, but her tone of voice insinuated more.
A. blamed
B. suggested
C. demanded
D. intervened
17.
Jame took many snapshots while on vacation in Europe.
A. notes
B. gifts
C. photos
D. clothes
18.
The young couple chose a secluded place for their picnic.
A. authentic
B. sunny
C. isolated
D. grassy
19.
The daring young woman rode through the Indian village trying to
find his long-lost sister.
A. bold
B. cowardly
C. persistend
D. captured
20.
Victors defined their terms to the conquered.
A.dictated
B. wrote
C. insinuated
D. forced
21.
Platos teaching had a profound effect on Aristotle.
A. depth
B. affection
C. afflicition
D. influence
22.
The superintendent was the principal speaker at the shool board
meeting.
A. only
B. main
C. outstanding
D. strongest
23.
The campers heard a strange rustling in the trees.
A. stealing
B. pillaging
C. movement
D. fight
24.
He was an exemplary prisoner despite his past experience.
A. model
B. sample
C. honest
D. humble
96

25.
The hotel manager became suspicious of those people who were
loitering in the lobby.
A. busting
B. sleeping
C. meddling
D. loafing
26.
We decided to pay for the furniture on the installment plan.
A. cash and carry
B. piece by piece
C. monthly payment
D. credit card
27.
Boys clubs do not deprive poor children of the opportunity to
participate in sports.
A. deny
B. retract
C. improvise
D. dilute
28.
The supervisor dictated a memo to her secretary.
A. letter
B. note
C. report
D. research paper
29.
Picasso was a well-known cubist painter.
A. artistic
B. colorful
C. celebrated
D. knowlegeable
30.
The inquiry concerning the accident was handled by the chief of
police.
A. gossip
B. inquisitivenes
C. investigation
D. recording
31.
The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition.
A. request
B. transfer
C. grant
D. project
32.
It is imperative that they arrive in time for the lecture.
A. necessary
B. suggested
C. hoped
D. intended
33.
The counterfeit bills were a good fascimile of the real ones.
A. factorial
B. reproduction
C. identification
D. similarity
97

34.
The Montford have decided to take a cruise, so they went to the
travel agency for some brochured.
A. questions
B. inquisition
C. pricelists
D. pamphlets
35.
Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director.
A. realized
B. grasped
C. rendered
D. delivered
36.
The boundary between Canada and the United States has been
unfortified for over one hundred years.
A. border
B. bridge
C. water
D. diplomatic relations
37.
While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail to
accumulate at the post office.
A. be delivered
B. pile up
C. get lost
D. be returned
38.
The professor tried to stimulate interest in archaelogy by taking his
students an expedition.
A. simulate
B. fake
C. encourage
D. diminish
39.
Johns unsportmanlike behavior caused him to be ostracized by the
other members of the country club.
A. shunned
B. excelled
C. readmitted
D. wavered.
WORDLIST TEST 12
1. Abrupt
: (adj) bt ng, t ngt, th l, lc cc
2. Affliction
: (n) ni au bun, u phin, tai ha
3. Authentic
: (adj) ch thc , xc thc, ng tin
4. Bellicose
: (adj) hiu chin, thch nh nhau, hay
gy g
5. Brusque
: (adj) sng sng, l mng, cc cn
6. Clad mc
: qun o
7. Counterfeit
: vt gi mo, gi , gi v
8. Disperse
: (v) gii tn, phn tn, xua tan
9. Disrobe
: (v) ci qun o di, lt trn , bc trn
10.
Dual
: (adj) lng, kp, i
11.
Dumbfou : (v) lm cht lng i, lm ing ngi
98

nd
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
y
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
eness
23.

Edify
Efface
Elapse
Epitomize
Eradicate
Exemplar

:
:
:
:
:
:

(v) khai tr, soi sng

(v) xa , xo b, lm lu m, t tri hn
(v) tri qua
(v) tm tt , c li
(v) nh r , tr tit
gng mu , mu mc

Facsimile
Factorial
Humble
Humiliate
Inquisitiv

:
:
:
:
:

(v) sao chp

tha s
(adj) khim tn, nhn nhng, khm nm
(v) lm nhc , lm b mt
(n) tnh t m, hay d hi, tc mch

Insinuate

(v) ni bng gi, m ch, ni xa gn,

kho lun lt
(v) t my mc

24.
t
25.
26.
27.

Instalmen :
Jesting
Jocular
Loafing

:
:
:

28.
29.
30.
e
31.
32.
33.
34.
n
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
ate
44.
ndent
45.
46.

Meddle
Ostracize
Perpetrat

:
:
:

(adj ) ni a, gin, pha tr

(adj) vui v , hi hc
i tha thn, li nhc, (n) s rong chi li
nhc
(v) xen vo, dnh vo, can thip
(v) y, pht vng
(v) phm vo, gy ra, biu din ti

Persistent
Pillaging
Render
Requisitio

:
:
:
:

(adj) kin gan, bn b, dai dng, lin tc

s cp bc, (v) cp bc , cp ph
(v) tr li, hon li, dng, np
(n) s yu cu, tiu chun i hi

Rustling
Satirical
Scatter
Seclude
Shabby
Simulate
Spacious
Spasm
Substanti

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) s xo xc, st sot

(adj) chm bim , tro phng
tung , ri , rc, lm tan
(v) tch bit
(adj) mn, sn, xu, ti tn, tiu tuy
(v) gi v, ng vai, i lt, bt chc
(adj) rng ri, thong
(n) s co tht, cn au, s bng ra
(v) chng minh

Superinte

ngi coi sc, trng nom, gim st

Suspend
Tremor

:
:

47.

Twofold

(v) treo ln, nh ch, hon, ui

(n) cn rng mnh, s rung ng, chn
ng
(adj) nhiu gp hai ln, gp i

TEST 13.
99

1. After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered

their verdict.
A. sentence
B. decision
C. cross-examination
D. foreman
2. The children were frolicking in the park.
A. running playfully
B. gloating
C. sulking
D. endangering
3. Efficient air service has made available through modern technology.
A. affluent
B. modern
C. inexpensive
D. effective
4. Fear of pirate raids caused the Spanish t fortify their coastline.
A. invasions
B. ships
C. arms
D. investigation
5. Nearly half of the towns inhabitants are descendants of indigenous
civilizations.
A. native
B. backward
C. hard-working
D. poor
6. That area of the country is laced with large and often dangerous rivers.
A. criss-crossed
B. decorated
C. ornate
D. diluted
7. After a long lunch hour, business resumes as usual.
A. responds
B. delays
C. continues
D. resurfaces
8. Twenty-five percent of Ecuadors population speaks Quechua
exclusively.
A. mainly
B. only
C. voluptuously
D. still
9. The Chinese people worship their ancestors.
A. fossils
B. elders
C. forefathers
D. heirs
100

10.
Under the majors able leadership the soldiers found safety.
A. guidance
B. intensity
C. flagship
D. ability
11.
The old age of the equipment is a definite liability to the factory.
A. cost
B. disadvantage
C. aid
D. capacity
12.
Having lived in a ghetto most of her life, she despaired of ever
living the good life.
A. segregated slum
B. visitors quarters
C. public house
D. high-rise apartment
13.
The president considered the vote on his tax bill to be crucial.
A. extremely important
B. unimportant
C. hard-fought
D. far-off
14.
The panorama from their porch encompassed a large part of the
Rocky Mountains.
A. cooking utensil
B. unbroken view over a large area.
C. TV screen
D. Plot of land
15.
The candidate felt that his academic credentials were sufficient to
win him the job.
A. important
B. educational
C. costly
D. experience
16.
Peace in the area was as elusive as the wind.
A. easy
B. absurd
C. difficult to catch
D. slow in coming
17. Young people who go away to college often experience a strong
nostalgia which can produce deep emotions.
A. nosebleed
B. independence
C. sadness
D. homesickness
18.The ultimatum handed to the opposition was simple : unconditional
surrender.
A. final statement of terms
B. last words before the dawn
C. opening statement
101

D. prime decision
CAPut!. The professors obituary told of her years of dedication to history.
A. inscription
B. eulogy
C. death notice
D. article
20. Initially, eater found it difficult to cope with her new environment.
A. play with
B. contend and deal with
C. create
D. deny
21. What a shock to find that the entire story was a fabrication.
A. lie
B. product
C. build up
D. cloth
22. This serum is supposed to make you immune to further infection.
A. innocuous
B. not susceptible
C. open
D. vulnerable
23. The new government regulation disallows disclosure of personal tax
information.
A. announcement
B. public revelation
C. opening
D. closing
24. The artist was always ready with a bon mot, making him an asset at
small cocktail parties.
A. candy
B. clever remark
C. good time
D. bad joke
25. She estimated that 250 people would attend the reception for the
ambassador.
A. denied
B. hoped
C. calculated
D. asserted
26. The reference she made to her friend the poet was interesting but too
obscure for anyone to appreciate.
A. delightful
B. helpful
C. dismal
D. cryptic
27. When Sue was little, she picked on her younger sister quite a bit
A. picked up
B. teased
C. care for
102

D. selected
28. It crossed my mind today that you might want to accompany us.
A. occurred to me
B. made me angry
C. escaped my attention
D. reminded me
29. The director was dubious about the new performers acting ability.
A. happy
B. doubtful
C. anxious
D. nervous
30. Just how pertinent was her observation?
A. well received
B. honest
C. dishonest
D. relevant
31. It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed
away.
A. survived
B. slipped
C. died
D. gone on vacation
32. Sandy was astounded at her brothers news.
A. amazed at
B. happy about
C. perplexed by
D. bothered by
33. The Doubloons wondered how they were going to make ends meet.
A. produce two effects
B. do their fair share
C. tie the laces
D. pay for their expenses
34. We were gratified to learn of her interest in our case.
A. thankful and pleased
B. sorry and displeased
C. good-natured
D. overwhelmed
35. The martial music roused everyone to a peak of excitement.
A. wedding
B. dirgelike
C. seasoned
D. warlike
36. Were their vows made publicly or privately?
A. opening remarks
B. thoughts
C. promises
D. emotions
37. The salesman stood up for his product when challenged.
A. defended
103

B. sold
C. spoke of
D. fought
38. The affection they felt for each other was obvious ot everyone.
A. hatred
B. fondness
C. adherence
D. sickness
39. The reporter described the scence as one of total chaos.
A. joy
B. disoder
C. wonder]
D. intensity
40.
I understand that George can play piano by ear, is that true?
A. without depending on written music
B. with his eyes closed
C. by hitting the keys with his ears
D. timidly
Wordlist test 13
1. Absurd/bs:d/
2. adherence /dhirns/
3. Affluent/ flunt/
4. assert/s:t/
5. astound /stound/
6. bon mot
7. chaos / keis/
8. Credentials/kridenl/
9. Crucial/ kru:l/
10.
cryptic /kriptik/
11.
Dilute/dailjut/
12.
Disclosure/
disklouz/
13.
dubious/ dju:bis/
14.
Elusive/ ilu:siv/
15.
Eulogy/ju:ldzi/
16.
Fabrication /
f brikein/
17.
Flagship/fl gip/
18.
Forefathers/fo:fa z
/
19.
Fortify/fo:tifai/
20.
Ghetto/getou/
21.
Gloat/ glout/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(adj) v l, ngu xun, ng ngn, bun ci

s dnh cht, bm cht, gia nhp
(adj) nhiu , di do, phong ph (n) sng nhnh ,
chi lu
xc nhn, khng nh, qu quyt
(v) lm kinh ngc, kinh hong
li ni d dm
(n) s hn n, hn lon, ln x
giy u nhim, th u nhim
(adj) quyt nh, ct yu, ch yu
(adj) kh hiu, b n
(Adj) long, nht, phai
(v) lm long i
s vch trn, phi by

:
:
:
:

(adj) l m, khng r rng

(adj) hay lng trnh
bi tn dng, li ca ngi
s ba t, s lm gi giy t

:
:

(n) tu c
(n) t tin , ng cha

:
:
:

(v) cng c , lm cho vng chc

khu ngi do thi, da en
(v) nhn hau hu, nhn mt cch thm mun,
h h

:
:
:

104

22.
gratify /gr tifai/
23.
Immune/imju:n/ (
24.
Indigenous/
indidzins/
25.
Innocuous/inokjus/
26.
Inscription/inskripn
/
27.
Jury/dzuri/
28.
Liability/laibiliti/
29.
martial / ma:l/
30.
Nostalgia /
nost ldzi/
31.
Obituary /bituri/
32.
obscure/bskju/ (
33.
Ornate/o:neit/
34.
Panorama/p nram
/
35.
pertinent/ p:tinnt/
36.
Raids/ reid/
37.
relevant/ relvnt/
38.
Resume/ rizju:m/
39.
Resurface/ ris:fis/

:
:
:

(v) tr tin th lao, lm hi lng, hi l, t lt

adj) c min, min khi
(adj) bn x

:
:

(adj) khng c, khng c hi, v thng v pht

cu vit , cu khc , li tng

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

ban bi thm
trch nhim php l, tin n
(adj) thuc qun s, thng v, hng dng
(n) ni nh nh, lng nh qu hng, lng hoi c,
luyn tic qu kh
li co ph
adj) ti, m, ti tm, v danh,
(adj) trang tr cng phu, trang sc lng ly
(n) ton cnh, bc tranh ton cnh

:
:
:
:
:

(adj) ng ch, thch ng, thch hp

cuc tn cng, t kch, cuc b rp
(adj ) thch ng, thch hp, c lin quan
(v) ly li, chim li, li tip tc, hi phc li
(v) lm li b mt, li ni ln mt nc

40.
Segregate/
segrigeit/
41.
Sulk/slk/
42.
Testimony/testimn
i/
43.
Ultimatum /
ltimeitm/
44.
Utensil
45.
Verdict/ v:dict/
46.
Voluptuously/vlpt
usli/
47.
vow/ vau/

(v) cch ly, c lp, phn bit

:
:

(v) hn di, (n) cn hn di

(*n) s chng nhn, bng chng ,chng c

th cui, ti hu th, kt lun cui cng

:
:
:

dng, dng c hng ngy trong gia nh

(n) li tuyn n, li phn quyt, d lun
(adv) khu gi, gy khoi lc, gi cm, ham xc
tht, nhc dc
(n) li th, nguyn, (v) th, nguyn, tuyn th

TEST 14
1. You belligerent attitude is often the cause for your lack of popularity.
A. Hostile
B. courageous
C. asinine
D. cowardly
2. What brought about your change in attitude?
A. altered
B. redid
C. gave up
105

D. caused
3. Hand me that pamphlet before you leave.
A. novel
B. comb
C. brochure
D. note
4. The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.
A. sweet
B. open and frank
C. casual
D. discreet
5. Robert Redford radiates goodwill when he speaks of projects to protect
Utahs environment.
A. hates
B. exposes
C. emits
D. hides
6. Maude Ellen looked merry at the opere last night, didnt she?
A. down at the mouth
B. bored
C. Christmaslike
D. Jovial
7. The adjective used most often to describe Lees movements was lithe.
A. graceful
B. clumsy
C. marvelous
D. small
8. It was difficult to understand, let alone accept, the customs of the
tribe.
A. relatives
B. languages
C. mores
D. merchandise
9. June played the role of an unsophisticated country girl who had come
to the city for her first job.
A. overweight
B. poorly clothed
C. illiterate
D. naive
10.
Sandy thought she was fat, so she went on a crash diet.
A. obese
B. obeseness
C. greasy
D. obesity
11.
Its the one indispensable item in the suicase, and I forgot it!
A. temporary
B. essential
C. indiscernible
D. forgettable
106

12.
There is on stigma attached to what you are doing
A. purpose
B. disgrace
C. illness
D. honor
13.
Chuck complained that his remuneration was too little and too late.
A. degree
B. remorse
C. pay
D. solution
14.
The paper described the two as being neck and neck as they
neared the finish.
A. lovers
B. attentive
C. faraway
D. very close
15.
Dick warned you that she might turn you down , didnt she?
A. upend you
B. flip you over
C. reject you
D. deliver you
16.
By all means, call me whenever you have a problem.
A. at least
B. always
C. incidentally
D. certainly
17.
this is an absurd production Im leaving !
A. foolish
B. abstract
C. bitter
D. kind
18.
Kojak interrogated the suspect for two hours.
A. baited
B. watched
C. questioned
D. infiltrated
19.
Lately, Leslie always seems to be in an introspective mood.
A. querulous
B. contemplative
C. covert
D. outgoing
20.
When Joey was a teenager, she was quite a rowdy.
A. raucous person
B. queen
C. introvert
D. cowgirl
21.
The terms laity and clergy are opposites.
A. synonyms
B. antonyms
107

C. homonyms
D. gegunds
22.
There are many acronyms in the English language.
A. words that sound alike
B. words formed from the initial letters of other words
C. abbreviated sentences
D. performers skilled in feats of agility and balance
23.
The queen always appeared haughty when receiving her subjects.
A. regal
B. tall
C. arrogant
D. generous
24.
The vote for the treaty was unanimous
A. limited
B. acrimonious
C. unsightly
D. by common consent
25.
Tonia asked the doctor what he had to soothe her nerves.
A. calm
B. deaden
C. jangle
D. rouse
26.
Professor Moriarity, composed as ever, delivered a two-hour
speech.
A. pompous
B. nervous
C. serene
D. written up
27.
The scarcity of good actors in this town is astounding.
A. dearth
B. abundance
C. plethora
D. fright
28.
Although people in the neighborhood considered Judy odd, she
never noticed.
A. aged
B. eccentric
C. senile
D. stupid
29.
Did you suspect that the entire episode was an elaborate
deception?
A. large party
B. death
C. invitation
D. hoax
30.
If you gather the kinkling , Ill make sure the fireplace is clean.
A. children
B. matches
C. small pieces of wood
108

D. fire
31.
The rule states that if a boxer is knocked down, he must stay down
for a mandatory eight seconds.
A. long
B. delayed
C. obligatory
D. crucial
32.
He surprised everyone by showing up in his mothers dress.
A. standing out
B. arriving
C. administering
D. watching a film
33.
Its ludicrous to think that Mary would ever consent to be his bride.
A. excessive
B. logical
C. fanatical
D. ridiculous
34.
Their conversation was stilted but friendly/
A. stiffly formal
B. drawn out
C. exhausting
D. secretive
35 Agatha thwarted her sisters every effort to sell the old house.
A. assisted
B. blocked
C. reported
D. hoped for
36.She was naturally apprehensive at the prospect of meeting her future
mother- in- law.
A. quiet
B. strong
C. resigned
D. fearful
37.The OBriens greeted us with open arms.
A. cordially
B. sadly
C. at a distance
D. sternly
38. They were loath to say so, but they didnt want Tasha to be invited to
the party.
A. hateful
B. unwilling
C. ready
D. unprepared
39. After a trial lasting five weeks, the defendant was exonerated of all
changes.
A. convicted
B. told
C. imprisoned
109

D. freed
40. Chryl was in no position to make a judicious decision.
A. wise
B. courageous
C. rested
D. complete
WORDLIST TEST 14
1. abbreviated / bri:vieitid/
2. absurd/bs:d/
3. acrimonious/ krimounjs/
4. administer/ dminist/ vt

:
:

(adj) tm tt, vit tt

(adj) v l, ngu xun, ng ngn, l bch
chua cay, gay gt
trng nom, qun l, cai qun, thi hnh, thc
hin
(n) s nhanh nhn, nhanh nhu, lanh li
(adj) s hi, e s
(adj) kiu ngo, kiu cng,
(adj) ging la, ngu xun, ngu nh la
(n) mi, b
(adj) tham chin (n) ngi tham chin, nc
tham chin
(adj) tht th, ngay thng, bc trc, v t,
khng thin v
(n) gii tng l, tng l
(n) s ng , ng thun, tho thun
(v)ng , ng thun
(n) thu nhp khu, hi quan,c quan thu
thu xut nhp khu
s di tr, la di, mnh kho la bp
(adj) thn trng, d dt, kn o, bit suy
st, khn ngoan
(n) tnh trng tht sng, ging chc, b ght
b
(adj) pht ra, bc ra, to ra
ngi cung tn

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) k cng, chin cng,

(adj) kho lo, iu luyn, nhanh nhy
(n) ci bng, c vt nh m au
(n) tr chi khm, nh la
(v)nh la, chi khm
(adj) dt nt, m ch, tht hc
(adj) khng phn bit, khng thy r

:
:
:
:

5. agility/dziliti/
6. apprehensive/ prihensiv/
7. arrogant/ rgnt/
8. Asinine/ sinain/
9. bait/ beit/
10.
Belligerent/
bilidzrnt/
11.
Candid / k ndid/

:
:
:
:
:
:

12.
13.

clergy/kl:dzi/
consent/ knsent/

14.

customs/ kstmz/

:
:
:
:

15.
16.

deception/ disepn/
discreet/ diskri:t/

:
:

17.

disgrace/ disgreis/

18.
emit / imit/
19.
fanatical/fn ntikl/
fanatic
20.
feat/ fi:t/
21.
22.

flip / flip/
hoax/ houks/

23.
illiterate/ ilitrit/
24.
indiscernible/indis
nbl/
25.
indispensable/indispe :
nbl/
26.
infiltrate / nfiltreit/
:
27.
interrogate/ intergeit/ :

(adj) rt cn thit, khng th thiu c

(v) r qua, thm nhp
(vt) cht vn, thm vn
110

28.
introspective/
introuspektiv/
29.
introvert/ intrv:t/

(adj) hay t xem xt ni tm

(n) ngi sng ni tm, nht nht

jangle/ dz gl/

(n) ting ku chi tai, om sm

31.
32.
33.

jovial/dzouvjl/
kindling/ kindlin/
laity/ leiti/

:
:
:
:

34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.

lithe/ lai /
ludicrous/ lu:dikrs/
mandatory/m ndtri/
nave
obese/oubi:s/
odd/ od/
pamphlet / p mflit/
plethora/ pler/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

pompous/ pomps/
querulous/ kweruls/
radiate/ reidieit/
raucous/ ro;ks/
remorse/ rimo:s/

:
:
:
:
:

47.
48.

resign/ ri:sain/
rouse/ rauz/

:
:

49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

rowdy/ raudi/
scarcity/ skesti/
senile/ si:nail/
serene/ siri:n/
soothe/ su: /

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(v) ku chi tai, lm om sm

(adj) vui v, vui tnh
s nhen la, nhm la
(n) ngi th tc, khng thuc cng ngnh
ngh
(adj) mm mi, yu iu, uyn chuyn
(adj) bun ci, ng ci, l lng
(adj) c tnh cht bt buc,
ng nghch , kh di
(adj) bo ph, rt mp
(adj) k cc , k quc
(n) sch mng,
(n) trng thi tha thi, s lng ln hn cn
thit
(adj) hoa l, trng l, ph trng
(adj) hay cu knh, cu nhu
(adj) to ra, xo ra (v) to ra, chiu ra, pht ra
(adj) khn khn
(n) s n nn, hi hn, lng thng xt, s hi
tic
t chc, thi vic
(vt) khua, khuy ng,nh thc, lm thc
tnh
(adj) om sm, m , hn lon
(n) s khan him, thiu thn
(adj) lo suy, suy yu do tui gi
(adj) sng sa, quang tnh, thanh thn
(vt) lm yn tnh, lm m du, lm ngui, bt
nghim trng
(n) vt nh, iu s nhc
ct, c kheo
(n) vn ngang, ngang
(adj) nht tr, ng lng

(adj) tht ,khng gi mo, khng phc tp

(v) lt p , lt ngc

30.

54.
stigma/stigm/
55.
stilt
56.
thwart/wo:t/
57.
unanimous/ju:n nims
/
58.
unsophisticated/nsf
tikeitid/
59.
up-end/p, end/

TEST I5
1. If you send me a memorandum, Ill surely remember to attend the
meeting.
111

A. calling card
B. short note
C. cost analysis
D. itinerary
2. The teams morale was at its lowest point of the season.
A. literary
B. spirit
C. talent
D. lession
3. The dogs in Apartment 6 E sound ferocious.
A. gentle
B. funny
C. mean
D. stupid
4. By her clothes one could see that she was quite prosperous.
A. peaceful
B. poor
C. well-to-do
D. calm
5. Be careful not to mention the matter to him, hes still a bit touchy on
the subject.
A. handy
B. sensitive
C. manual
D. ill-mannered
6. It seemed as though every third sentence he spoke was a cliche
A. trite phrase
B. pun
C. innovation
D. paragraph
7. The football game commenced at 1:00.
A. transpired
B. began
C. ended
D. continued
8. The tour guid who led us through the museum seemed experienced.
A. like a newcomer
B. young
C. old
D. thoroughly versed
9. The hotel he recommended proved to be too expensive.
A. Turned out to be
B. Wasnt
C. Demanded proof of being
D. Looked
10.
My brother is almost six and a half feet tall.
A. 120 centimeters
B. three yards
C. an acre
112

D. two meters
11.Lend a hand here, will you?
A. give up your hands
B. give me your arm
C. put your hands up
D. help me
12.Our itinerary took us through Philadelphia and Baltimore
A. tour guide
B. road map
C. route
D. ideas
13.Carol dozed off while we watched the ballet.
A. napped
B. drove
C. spaced out
D. left
14. He reciprocated by sending the general a silver tray.
A. began
B. gave up
C. responded
D. finished
15. He was as deft at handling complaints as he was at playing tennis.
A. intelligent
B. angry
C. skillful
D. crude
16.The intricate mechanisms of government seemed awesome to the
visitors.
A. complex
B. subtle
C. interesting
D. new
17 There is no gainsaying the validity of her remarks.
A. agreeing with
B. denying
C. assisting
D. hunting
18.The irate crowd edged closer to the police barricades.
A. calm
B. gawking
C. large
D. angry
CAPut!. He recinded his offer to take pictures at the graduation dance.
A. reinforced
B. renewed
C. fired up
D. withdraw
20. The film summarily rejected the intitial offer.
A. abbreviated
113

B. final
C. first
D. largest
21.it is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.
A. protect
B. conserve
C. relieve
D. free
22. That student is discourteous he grumbles nio matter how one tries to
please him.
A. giggle
B. scolds
C. complains
D. sneers
23. Dont leave the iron on that delicate fabric or the heat will scorch it.
A. melt
B. press
C. discolor
D. winkle
24. The new contact lenses made the woman blink her eyes much more
tghan usual.
A. strain and stretch
B. open and close
C. rub
D. shade
25. The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.
A. quickly
B. excited
C. aimlessly
D. steadily
26. Michael was such a shrewd business person that he never lost money
in any transaction.
A. fortunate
B. clever
C. wealthy
D. well-liked
27. There was no trace of poison in the coffee the chemist anayzed.
A. indication
B. taste
C. color
D. smell
28. The intricate directions were difficult to understand.
A. vague
B. unusual
C. routine
D. complicated
29. The little boy had had a long day; he was feeling drowsy.
A. lazy
B. sleepy
114

C. exhausted
D. sad
30. Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.
A. desire fro exercise
B. desire for visitors
C. desire for sleep
D. desire for food
31. He stayed late to tell his hostess how much he had enjoyed the party.
A. neglected
B. attempted
C. lingered
D. struggled
32. The night was so foggy that the murderer was easily able to escape
his pursuers.
A. misty
B. moist
C. mild
D. messy
33.The horse finally came to a halt on the very rim of the cliff.
A. top
B. edge
C. slope
D. base
34.Her husband is very competent; he will repair the roof himself.
A. capable
B. industrious
C. thrifty
D. careful
60.
Mr. Henderson was determined to remain neutral.
A. untroubled
B. unhurried
C. unmarried
D. uncommitted
61.
The stray dog was picked up by the dog-catcher because he had
no collar.
A. dirty
B. sick
C. unfriendly
D. homeless
62.
The time for discussing the problem is overp; now we must act.
A. talking about
B. thinking about
C. arguing about
D. putting off
63.
He agreed to the plan of his own accord.
A. enthusiastically
B. voluntarily
C. unwillingly
D. unhesitatingly
115

64.
Ignoring something will not make it go away.
A. taking an interest in
B. looking closely at
C. paying no attention to
D. studying the cause of
65.
His apparel showed him to be a succesful man.
A. clothing
B. confidence
C. answer
D. manner
WORDLIST TEST 15
1. CAPut!. conserve/
kns:v/
2. accord/ ko:d/
3. affluent / flunt/
4. apparel/ p rl/
5. appetite/ pitait/
6. asset/ set/
7. barricade/b rikeid/
8. bashful/b ful/
9. beseech/ bisi:t/
10.
briskly
11.
compel/ kmpel/
12.
competent/
kompitnt/
13.
dabbles/ d bl/
14.
discourteous/
disk:tjs/
15.
doze off [douz]
16.
drowsy/ drauzi/
17.
equivocal/ikwivkl/
18.
ferocious frous]
19.
futile/fju:tail/
20.
gainsaying/ geinsei/
21.
gawk/ go:k/

(vt) gi gn, duy tr , bo tn

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) hip nh, hip c, s ho hp, ch

(adj) nhiu di do
(n) sng nhnh , chi lu
(n) thu, y phc, trang sc
(n) s ngon ming, s thm n, lng ham mun
(n) ti sn, ca ci
vt chng ngi
(adj). Rt r , bn ln , e l
(vt) cu xin, cu khn, van xin
(adv) mnh m, lanh li
(vt) buc phi, bt buc,p
(adj) c kh nng, trnh , tho, gii

:
:

(v) vy, nhng, ry

(adj) bt lch s, khim nh
ngu g , ng gt, ng l m
(adj) ng lm, g gt, u oi, th thn
(adj) lpl, nc i, khng chc chn
d tn, hung c,d man, tn bo
(adj) v ch, ph phim, khng ng k
(v) chi ci, khng nhn, ni tri li, ngc li
(n)gi lng ngng
(v) tr mt ra nhn
(n) , ting ci rc rch, khc khch
(v) ci rc rch , khc khch
(n) s cu nhu, cn nhn,
(v) cu nhu, lm bm
(adj), kiu k, ngo
tr nh la, chi khm, chi xv) nh la,
chi khm
(adj) ri beng, rc ri, phc tp, kh hiu
(adj) ni gin, gin d

22.

giggle/ gigl/

23.

grumble/ grmbl/

24.
25.

haughty/ ho:tix/
hoax/houks/

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

26.
27.

intricate / ntik;it/
irate/ ai reit/

:
:

116

28.
itinerary[aitinrri]
29.
Judicious [ dzu:dis]
30.
linger/ lig/
31.
lull/ ll/
32.
meddles/ medl/
33.
memorandum[memr
ndm]
34.
nap[n p]

:
:
:
:
:
:

(n) hnh trnh ,nht k i ng

(adj) sng sut, khn ngoan thn trng
(v) nn n, ln na, la c, chn ch
(n) thi gian yn tnh, v ru ng
(v) xen vo, dnh vo , can thip vo
(n) bn ghi nh, th bo
(n) gic ng chp, gic tra,
(v) ng chp mt lt, ng tra
(n) vnh bnh xe, b mp, vnh, ming
(v) ry la, trch mng, chi ra
(n) ci mc , ci khin
(adj) khn ngoan , sc so , lanh li
(adj) lc mt, ri rc, tn mn, l th
(dj) phng pht, huyn o, tinh vi, tinh t
tit kim, tn tin, phn thnh, thnh vng
(adj) hay gin di, hay t i, d ng lng,
qu nhy cm
(n) du, vt tch, du hiu
(vt) bay hi, l ra, tit l
(adj) c rch, mn , so, lp li
(adj) khng rng buc, khng giao, khng u
thc
(n) gi tr php l, tnh hp l, gi tr
(n) tnh v ngha, rng tuch, h o,kiu cng,
t ph
(adj) gioi, snh, thng tho,kho lo

35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

rim
scold/ skuld/
shield/ i:ld/
shrewdly/ ru:dli/
stray/ strei/
subtle/ sbtl/
thrifty/rti/
touchy[tti]

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

43.
44.
45.
46.
id/
47.
48.

trace/treis/
transpire[tr nspai]
trite[trai]
uncommitted/nkmit

:
:
:
:

validity/vlidti/
vanity/v niti/

:
:

49.

versed[v:st]

INCOMPLETE ADVERB CLAUSES

An adverb clause consists of a connecting word, called an adverb clause marker (or
subordinate conjunction) and at least a subject and a verb
Adverb clause markers: because, since, althouth, while, if, unless, when, as, until, one,
before, after.
Adverb clauses
Adverb clause of time (when, after, before, while, as, as soon as, since, until, by the time,
once, as/ so long as, whenever, every time, the first time, the last time, the next time). Of
contrast (even though-unexpected result, although, though, despite, in spite of, while,
whereas, but, however, on the other hand), of conditional (if, unless, only, on condition
causes aparticular result, whether or not-neither this condition nor that condition matters,
even if, in case, in the even that-if by chance this should happen), of cause and effect
(because-expected result, now that-because now, since-because it is a fact that, because of,
due to, therefore, consequently, such . . . . that, so . . . that)
1. Yesterday John ate breakfast at 8.00. He (eat, already) . . . . . . . . . . . breakfast when he
(leave) . . . . . . . . . . .for class at 8:45. He (eat, always) . . . . . . . . . . . breakfast before he
(go) . . . . . . . . . . . to class. Tomorrow before he (go) . . . . . . . . . . . to class, he (eat) . . . . .
. . . . . . breakfast.
117

2. John is in class every morning from 9:00 to 12:00. Two days ago, I (cal) . . . . . . . . . . .
him at 11:30, but I couldnt reach him because he (attend) . . . . . . . . . . . class at that
time. Dont try to call John at 11:30 tomorrow morning because he (attend) . . . . . . . . . . .
class at that time.
3. Yesterday John took a nap from 1:00 to 2:00. I arrived at 1:45. When I (get) . . . . . . . . . . .
there. John (sleep) . . . . . . . . . . . he (sleep) . . . . . . . . . . . for 45 minutes by the time I got
there.
4. Tomorrow, after he (eat) . . . . . . . . . . . diner, John (go) . . . . . . . . . . . to a movie. In other
words, he (eat) . . . . . . . . . . . dinner by the time he (go) . . . . . . . . . . . to the movie
5. Last nigh, I went to bed after I . . . . . . . . . . . my home work.
6. Ever since I was a child. I . . . . . . . . . . . afraid of dogs
7. By the time I left my apartments this morning, the mail carrier . . . . . . . . . . . the mail
8. A black cat ran across the road as I . . . . . . . . . . . my car to work this morning
9. Whenever Mark . . . . . . . . . . . angry, his nose gets red
10. By the time I leave this city. . . . . . . . . . . . I here for four months.
11. I . . . . . . . . . . . to the beach whenever the weather was nice, but now dont have time to
do that because I have to study.
Combine each pair of sentences. Use the given time words if they are possible and
appropriate the meaning.
1. The other passengers get on the bus soon. Then well leave.
A. While
B. As soon as
C. The last time
2. I turned off the lights. After that, I left the room
A. Before
B. By the time
C. After
3. Susan sometimes feels nervous. Then she chews her nails
A. whenever
B. before
C. every time
4. The frying pan caught on fire. I was making dinner at that time
A. by the time
B. while
C. as soon as
5. We were just sitting down to eat. Some one knocked on the door at that moment
A. just as
B. just after
C. just before
6. The singer finished her song. The audience immediately burst into applause
A. as long as
B. as soon as
C. immediately after
7. We have to wait here. Nancy will come
A. as soon as
B. after
C. until
8. My roomate walked into the room yesterday. I immediately knew that something was
wrong.
A. just as soon as B. when
C. whenever
9. I stood up to give my speech. Immediately before that, I got butterflies in my stomach
A. until
B. while
C. just before
10. I saw the great pyramids of Egypt in the moonlight. I was speechless
A. until
B. the first time
C. before
11. The weather will warmer soon. Then we can start playing tennis again
A. while
B. when
C. once
12. Shakespeare died in 1616. He had written more than 37 plays before then
A. while
B. once
C. by the time
13. Sam will go to the movie again. Hell remember to take his glasses then
A. the next time B. as long as
C. by the time
14. I will not forget Mr. Tanaka. I will live for a long time
A. as
B. as long as
C. so long as
118

15. Mahammad had never heard about Halloween. Then he came to the US
A. before
B. until
C. since
16. Jane has gotten three promotions in the last six months. She started working at this
company six months ago
A. before
B. since
C. when
17. I had gone to bed. The phone rang
A. shortly
B. not long after C. when
Choose the best completion
1. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she . . . . . . . . . the fire departmen
A. was telephoning
B. telephoned
C. has telephoned D. has telephoned
2. Before Jennifer won the lottery. She . . . . . . . . any kind of contest
A. hasnt entered
B. doesnt enter
C. wasnt entering D. Hadnt entered
3. Every time Prakas sees a movie made in India, he . . . . . . . . . . homesick
A. will have felt
B. felt
C. feels
D. is feeling
4. While he was washing his new car. Mr. DeRosa . . . . . . . . . . a small dent in the rear
fender
A. has discovered
B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered
5. Yesterday, while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew. . . . . . . . . on the companys
annual report.
A. was working
B. had been working C. has worked
D. works
6. Tony. . . . . . . . . . . to have children until his little daughter was born. After she won his
heart. He decided he wanted a big family
A. doesnt want
B. hadnt wanted C. wasnt wanting D. hasnt wanted
7. After the horse threw her to the ground for the third time. Jennifer picked herself up and
said. I . . . . . . . . . . . on another horse as long as I live.
A. never ride
B. have never ridden C. will never ride D. do not ride
8. The next time Paul . . . . . . . . . to New York, he will visit the Metropolitan Museums
famous collection of international musical instruments.
A. will fly
B. flies
C. has flown
D. will have flown
9. After Nancy. . . . . . . . . . . for twenty minutes. She began to feel tired.
A. jogging
B. had been jogging C. has been jogging
D. has jogged
10. By the time the young birds. . . . . . . . . . .the nests for good, they will have learn how to
fly.
A. will leave
B. will have left
C. are leaving
D. leave
11. The last time I . . . . . . . . . . . . in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
A. had been
B. was
C. am
D. will have been
Reduced adverb clauses
When the subject of the main clause and the subject of the adverb clause are the same person
or thing, the adverb clause can be reduced (shorten). Reduced adverb clauses do not contain
a main verb or a subject. They consist of a marker and a participle or a marker and an
adjective.
Clause marker: past participle or present participle or adjective . . . . . . ., subject + main
verb . . . .
1. When + verb-ing, subject + verb . . . . . .
Upon + verb (ing) . . . . ., subject + verb . . . . .
On + verb (ing) . . . . . . . , subject + verb . . . . . .
119

Ex: when orbiting the Earth, astronauts dont feel the force of gravity
When + past participle, subject + verb . . . . . .
Ex: when trained, parrots are able to speak
Although the machine was damaged, it was still operational
Although damaged, the machine was still operational
Although he was nervous, he gave a wonderful speech
Although nervous, he gave a wonderful speech
2. While + verb (ing) . . . . . . . . , subject + verb
Verbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .subject + verb
While walking on the moon, astronauts happened to see some marks of the previous
running water.
Walking on the moon, astronauts happened to see some marks of the previous running
water
3. Because
Verbing. . . . . . . . . ., subject + verb. . . . . . . . .
Adjective . . . . . . . . ., subject + verb . . . . . . . .
Ex: Because he lacked the necessary qualification, he was not considered for the job
Being unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle
Unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle
4. Before + verb (ing) . . . . . . , subject + verb
Before I left for work, I ate breakfast
Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast or i had eaten breakfast
5. After + verb (ing) . . . . . . . ., subject + verb
After he had finished his homework, Peter went to bed
After having finished his homework, Peter went to bed
6. Phrasal preposition: because of, due to, due to the fact that
Because of the cold weather, we stayed at home
Due to the cold weather, we stayed at home
Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed at home
7. Transitions to show cause and effect: therefore, consequently (as a result)
Al failed the test because he didnt study
Al didnt study, therefore/ consequently, he failed the test
Al didnt study. He failed the test, therefore
8. Transitions to show contrast (unexpected result). Nevertheless, and however
9. It was cold. Nevertheless. However, I went swimming w contrast (unexpected result).
Nevertheless, and however
It was cold. Nevertheless. However, I went swimming
It was cold, nevertheless. I went swimming
10. Conjunctions to show contrast. (but. . . . Anyway. But . . . . still. Yet . . . . . .still)
It was cold, but I went swimming anyway
It was cold, but I still went swimming
It was cold, yet I still went swimming
11. Prepositional phrases with the same meaning as an adverb clauses
There are also certain prepositions that have the same meaning as adverb clause markers but
are used before noun phrases or pronouns, not with clauses, because of, due to, on account
of, in spite of, despite, during.
Prepositional phrases + noun phrase or pronouns . . . .. . . . , subject + main verb. . . . . .
Ex: he chose that university because of its fine reputation
The accident was due to mechanical failure
120

Visibility is poor today on account of air pollution

He enjoys motorcycle riding in spite of the danger
Despite its loss, the team is still in first place
Her father lived in England during the war
Practice exercise
1. Small sailboats easily capsized . . . . . . . . . . . . they are not handled carefully
a. but
b. which
c. if
d. so
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . they are tropical birds, parrots can live in temperate or even cold climates
a. despite
b. even though
c. nevertheless
d. but
3. . . . . . . . . . . . added to a liquid, antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of that liquid
a. that
b. as is
c. it is
d. when
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . advertising is so widespread in the United States, it has had an enormous
effect on American life
a. why
b. the reason
c. on account of
d. since
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . toward shore, its shape is changed by its collision with the shallow sea
bottom
a. during a wave rolls
b. as a wave rolls
c. a wave roll
d. a waves rolling
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . are increasingly linked over long distances by electronic communications,
but many of them still prefer face-to-face encounters
a. although
b. despite people
c. today people
d. the fact that people
7. . . . . . . . . . . . . together in one place, they form a community
a. when people who live
b. when people living
c. whenever people live
d. whenever living people
8. . . . . . . . . . . . . managed by an independent governor and board of directors, the Bank of
Canada is owned by the Canadian government
a. and yet
b. in spite of it
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c. although
d. it is
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . pieces of rope are of different thickness, the weavers knot can be used
to joint them
a. two of
b. what two
c. two such
d. if two
10. . . . . . . . . . . . . the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plants are poisonous
a. until they have been cooked
b. cooking them
c. they have been cooked
d. cooked until
11. natural silk is still highly prized . . . . . . . . . . . . similar artificial fabrics
a. although is available
b. despite there are available
c. in spite of the availability of
d. even though an availability of
12. cattle ranches are found almost. . . . . . . . . . . . in Utah
a. wherever
b. every where
c. overall
d. some where
13. . . . . . . . . . . . . though a prism, a beam of white light breaks into all the colors of he rainbow
a. when shines
b. it shines
c. it is shone
d. when shone
14. . . . . . . . . . . . . most of people think of freezing as a relatively modern method
of food reservation, it is actually one of the oldest
a. even
b. as though
c. however
d. although
15. . . . . . . . . . . . . large bodies of water never freeze solid is that the sheet of ice on the surface
protects the water below it from the cold air.
a. because
b. why do
c. the reason that
d. for the reason
16. . . . . . . . . . . . . granted by the Patent Office, it becomes the inventors property and he or
she can keep it, sell it, or license it to someone else
a. once a patent is
b. when a patent
c. a patent, once
d. a patent, wherever it
17. Owls can hunt in total darkness . . . . . . . . . . . . their remarkably keen sense of smell
a. since
b. because of
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c. the result
d. that
18. . . . . . . . . . . . . most bamboo blooms every year, there are some species that flower
only two or three times a century
a. whenever
b. that
c. while
d. however
19. Salmon lay their eggs and die in fresh water . . . . . . . . . . . . during most of their adult
lives
a. although they live in salt water
b. despite they live in salt water
c. due to their living in salt water
d. as they are in salt water
20. . . . . . . . . . . . . the Lewis and Clark Expedition, the United States begin to realize the
true value of the Lousiana territory
a. when
b. because
c. because of
d. however
21. Heavy industry developed so rapidly in Alabama primarily . . . . . . . . . . . . its rich
natural resources
a. because
b. inspire of
c. despite
d. because of
22. . . . . . . . . . . . . the right side of a persons brain is dominant, that person is left-handed
a. that
b. if
c. which
d. for
23. . . . . . . . . . . . . relatively inexpensive, the metal pewter can be fashioned into beautiful
and useful objects.
a. even it is
b. despite
c. nevertheless, it is
d. although
24. not until the seventeenth century . . . . . . . . . . . . to measure the speed of light
a. did anyone even attempt
b. anyone did event attempt
c. did anyone attempt even
d. did even attempt anyone
25. It is difficult for even small boats to navigate through swamps . . . . . . . . . . . . tangled
roots and shallow waterways
a. because of
b. despite of
c. inspite
d. even
26. Sex cells. . . . . . . . . . . . are formed in a special type of cell division called meiosis
123

a. although
b. despite
c. however
d. nevertherless
27. . . . . . . . . . . . . a popular notion to look down on the quality of circumstantial evidence,
it is of great usefulness if there is enough of it and if it is properly interpreted
a. even though
b. because
c. however
d. despite
28. . . . . . . . . . . . . toy balloons became popular playthings
a. after the Montgolfier brothers flying the fist balloon
b. after the first balloon flying by the Montgofier
c. alter the Montgolfier brothers had flew the first balloon
d. alter flying the Montgolfier brothers had flown the first balloon
29. every scientific discipline tends to develop its own special language . . . . . . . . . . . .,
and psychology is no different
a. because it finds ordinary words inadequate
b. because of ordinary words inadequate
c. due to ordinary words inadequate
d. now that it finds ordinary words inadequate
30. . . . . . . . . . . . ., he established guidelines that set forest policy for decades to come
a. although Fiffort Pinchot held that post for only five years
b. because Giiffort Pinchot held that post for only five years
c. due to the fact that Giffort Pinchot held that post for only five years
d. despite Giffort Pinchot held that post for only five years
31. . . . . . . . . . . . . they came to report more human interest stories and to record recent news,
which they couldnt have done before the telegraph
a. despite newspaper continuing to cover politics
b. inspite of newspapers continuing to cover politics
c. although newspapers continued to cover politics
d. however, newspapers continued to cover politics
32. fats provide the bodys best means of storing energy, far more efficient energy sources
than either carbohydrates or protains. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. so that one shouldnt forget how essential they are
b. so one shouldnt forget how essential they are
c. therefore, one shouldnt forget how essential they are
d. in order that one shouldnt forget how essential are they
33. cholesterol may lead to coronary heart disease by building up in the arteries of the heart
. . . . . . . . . . , unsaturated fats, derived form vegetables oils, tend to lower serum,
cholesterol if taken in a proportion twice that of saturated fats.
a. however
b. although
c. because
d. while
34. the consumption of a variety of fats is necessary. . . . . . . . . . . . may lead to a variety
of health problems
a. but the intake of too much fat
b. however the intake of too much fat
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c. nevertheless the intake of too much fat

d. consequently, the intake of too much fat
35. the term weathering refers to all the way in which rock can be broken down. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. when exposing to various conditions
b. when exposed to various conditions
c. when it exposing to various condition
d. upon exposing to various conditions
36. Humans have struggled against weeds. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. since the beginning of agriculture
b. when the beginning of agriculture
c. when the agriculture begins
d. by the time of the agriculture began
37. In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are
more ecologically sound. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. yet new chemicals can not solve the worlds weed problems
b. However, new chemical alone can not solve the worlds weed problems
c. Consequently, new chemical alone can not solve the worlds weed problems
d. As a result, new chemical alone can not solve the worlds weed problem
38. . . . . . . . . . . . . Tony killed Marys brother and ultimately killed himself
a. while was attempting to stop a street fight
b. while he were attempting to stop a street fight
c. while being attempted to stop a street fight
d. attempting to stop a street fight
39. Children often make the head too large for the rest of the body. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. when drawn human figures
b. when is drawing human figures
c. when drawing human figures
d. drawing human figures
40. . . . . . . . . . . . . the size of the heads was nots so exaggerated
a. when children drawing rear views of men
b. when drawing rear views of men
c. drawing rear views of mane
d. when children drew rear views of men
41. . . . . . . . . . . . . George Susanna supported herself until 1918 by teaching in various schools
and colleges in Texas
a. to begin as an advertising illustrator
b. she began as an advertising illustrator
c. beginning as an advertising illustrator
d. her beginning as an advertising illustrator
42. OKeefers stype changed dramatically in 1929. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. during she visited New Mexico
b. during a visit to New Mexico
c. while she visiting New Mexico
d. visiting New Mexico
43. in fact, before George Washinton became president. . . . . . . . . . . . to build a canal that
was to connect the Ohio and Potomac Rivers
a. he has headed the first company in the United States
b. he headed the first company in the United States
c. heading the first company in the United States
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d. he had headed the first company in the United States

44. there was some on-again, off-again federal funding,. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. but the War of 1812 put an end to this
b. however, the War of 1812 put an end to this
c. because the war of 1812 put an end to this
d. because of the fact that the War of 1812 put an end to this
45. . . . . . . . . . . . ., increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted its construction
a. had it not been for the development of the railroads
b. if it were not for the development of the railroads
c. if had it not been for the development of the railroads
d. if it not would have been for the development of the railroads
46. . . . . . . . . . . . . some insects communicate at ultrasonic frequencies, they may pick up the
trees vibrations and attack the weakened trees.
a. because of
b. because
c. therefore
d. due to
47. scenes of factory interiors account for only about third of the footage of Modern Times,
. . . . . . .. . . . they contain some of the most pointed social commentary as well as the most
comic situation
a. however
b. despite
c. although
d. but
48. Clearly, Modern Times has its faults, its faults. . . . . . . . . . . . treating technology within
a social context.
a. so that it remains the best film
b. but it remains the best film
c. so it remains the best film
d. however, it remains the best film
49. when they early migrants arrived in North America, . . . . . . . . . . . . dominated by three
types of American mammoths
a. they found the woods and plains
b. which they found the woods and plains
c. they had found the woods and plains
d. finding the woods and plains
50. Carsons first book Under The Sea Wind received excellent reviews, . . . . . . . . . . . .
until it was reissued in 1952
a. yet sales were still poor
b. so that sales were still poor
c. so sales were still poor
d. nevertheless
51. cloudy weather makes for chilly conditions,. . . . . . . . . . . . a surfeit of sunlight creates
too much heat
a. while
b. however
c. despite
d. nevertheless
52. farming has come a long way. . . . . . . . . . . . the days of the horse-drawn plow
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a. since
b. during
c. because
d. despite
53. site-specific farming can increase yields . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. while reducing chemical use
b. if chemical use is reduced
c. unless chemical use is reduced
d. unless reducing chemical use
54. transfer of information takes place. . . . . . . . . . . . in some way to the material that was
originally learned
a. only if the new material is similar
b. when is the new material similar
c. only with similar new material
d. so the similar new material
55. if there is insufficient rain to form a lake,. . . . . . . . . . . . or even longer if necessary
a. the eggs lie dormant for a year
b. the eggs will lies dormant for a year
c. the eggs would lie dormant for a year
d. lie the eggs dormant for a year
56. by the twelfth day,. . . . . . . . . . . . hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies for the females
a. during they are about 3 centimeters long
b. when they are about 3 centimeters long
c. that they are about 3 centimeters long
d. when about 3 centimeters long
57. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. after car wreeks and homicides
b. because car wrecks and homicides
c. because of car wrecks and homicides
d. during car wrecks and homicides
58. . . . . . . . . . . . . they lived on meaer rations
a. during their 6-to-12-week voyages
b. for their 6-to-week voyages
c. or their 6-to-12-week voyages
d. in their 6-to-12-week voyages
59. by 1630,. . . . . . . . . . . . , married and made their homes, great plantations had already risen
along the James River, and the population had increased to a thousand settlers
a. when women were recruited in England to come to Virginia
b. when being recruited in England to come to Virginia
c. when were women recruited in England to come to Virginia
d. when women recruited in England to come to Virginia
60. . . . . . . . . . . . . sewing had been done by boring a hole with a bone, and then passing
a fiber through the opening
a. before the invention of the needle
b. with the invention of the needle
c. it was during the needles invention
d. after the needles invention
61. . . . . . . . . . . . . the moon has no water, its solid crust does respond to the gravitational
forces of the earth
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a. although
b. however
c. except
62. the participants represent their experiences spontaneously,. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. although the repetition of a them can frequently be of therapeutic advantage
b. because of the repetition of a them can frequently be of therapeutic advantage
c. due to the repetition of a them can frequently be of therapeutic advantage
d. despite the repetition of a them can frequently be of therapeutic advantage
63. . . . . . . . . . . . . the female Stickleback fish is ready to lay, she responds by curving her
head and tail upwards
a. if
b. when
c. that
d. while
64. . . . . . . . . . . . . the film used for Cinema-scope is the same as for conventional pictures,
the image produced has twice the normal width
a. yet
b. however
c. although
d. as
65. thermometric study is essential to human welfare. . . . . . . . . . . . all people on earth are
affected by temperature, natural or man-made
a. because of
b. due to
c. however
d. because
66. . . . . . . . . . . . . a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melaning disappears,
and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is
a. if
b. although
c. because
d. unless
67. in recent experiments at the University of lowa. Eight trained pigeons were shown
photograph of people. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. display emotion of happiness, anger, surprise, and disgust
b. to display
c. who displays
d. whom are playing
68. some psychologists have theorized that because of the importance of facial expression
to human communication. Human developed special nervous systems. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. capable of recognizing subtle expressions
b. which capable of recognizing subtle expressions
c. are capable of recognizing subtle expressions
d. capability of recognizing subtle expressions
69. . . . . . . . . . . . . water in a kettle rises because of convection, the narrow tubes of the
geyser system prevent free circulation of the water
a. while
b. however
c. on account
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d. since
70. one group of immigrants. . . . . . . . . . . . did not find the weed at all unfamiliar
a. but
b. however
c. yet
d. consequently

INTRODUCTORY VERBAL MODIFIERS

In some sentences in Part B of the structure and written expression, you will be asked to
identify errors in introductory verbal modifiers and the subjects that they modify.
Introductory verbal modifiers are ing-form, participles (ed-form) and infinitives. A phrase
with an introductory verbal modifier occurs at the beginning of a sentence and is followed
by a comma. The subject modified by an introductory verbal modifier must followed by a
comma. Misplaced modifiers is a participle phrase of other modifier that comes before the
subject, but doesnt refer to the subject.
1. Present participle:
Ex: walking along the beach, the ship was spotted by the men
Correction: walking along the beach, the men spotted the ship
2. Past participle:
Ex: based on this study, the scientist could make several conclusions
Correction: based on this study, several conclusions could be made
3. Appositive:
Ex: a resort city in Arkansas, the population of Hot Spring is about 35,ooo
Correction: a resort city in Arkansas. Hot Spring has a population of about 35,ooo
4. Reduced adjective clause:
Ex: while peeling onions, his eyes began to water
Correction: while he was peeling onions, his eyes began to water
5. Adjective phrases:
Ex: warm and mild, everyone enjoys the climate of the Virgin Islands
Corrected: everyone enjoys the warm and mild climate of the Virgin Islands
6. Expressions with like or unlike:
Ex: like most cities, parking is a problem in San Francisco
Corrected: like most cities, San Francisco has a parking problem
Exercise:
1. Fearing economic hardship. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820s
b. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in the 1820s
c. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest
d. and emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to the Midwest
2. rich and distinctive in flave. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. there is in the United States a very important nut crop, the pecan
b. the most important nut crop in the United States, the pecan
c. farmers in the United States raise pecans, a very important crop
d. pecans are the most important nut crop in the United States
3. orbiting from 2.7 to 3.6 billion miles from the sun. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930
b. pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
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c. it was in 1930 that the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto

d. the discovery of Pluto was made by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
4. a popular instrument. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. only a limited role has been available to the accordion in classical music
b. there is only a limited role for the accordion in popular music
c. classical music provieds only a limited role for the accordion
d. the accordion has played only a limited role in classical music
5. unlike most birds. . . . . . . . . . . .
Correction: everyone enjoys the warm and mild elimate of the Virgin Islands
a. the heads and necks of vultures lack feathers
b. beathers are not found on the heads and necks of vultures
c. vultures dont have feathers on their heads and necks
d. the accordion has played only a limited role in classial music
6. widely reproduced in magezines and books . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. expressions with like or unlike:
Correction: like most cities. SanFancisco has a parking problem
a. Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his photographs
b. The Western wilderness was depicted the Western wilderness
c. Ansel Adamss photographs depicted the Western wilderness
d. It was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness
8. Smaller and flatter than an orange. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. a tanerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily
b. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated
c. its easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections
d. to peel a tangerine is easy, and its section can be readily separated
9. like the federal government. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. taxation provieds most of the funds for state and local government as well
b. state and local governments obtain most of their funds through taxation
c. through taxation i how state and local goverments obtain most of their funds
d. funds are provided from taxation for state and local goverments
10. orginally settle by Polynesians around 700 AD. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Hawaii received its first European visitor in 1778, when Captain James Cook landed there
b. Hawaiis first European visitor, Captain James Cook, landed in 1778
c. In 1778 the first European visitor. Captain James Cook, visited Hawaii
d. The first European to visit Hawaii was Captain James Cook, landing there in 1778
11. Unlike most modernist poets. . . . . . . . . . . . base on ordinary speech
a. Robert Frosts poems were
b. The words of Robert Frost were
c. Robert Frost wrote poems that were
d. The poetry written by Frost was
12. Named for its founder. . . . . . . . . . . . in Ithaca, New York
a. in 1865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell University
b. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra Cornell
c. It was in 1865 that cornell University in 1865
d. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865
13. While living in New Orleans. . . . . . . . . . . . the Creole people of Louisiana
a. a book of folklore, Bayou Folk, was written by Kate Chapin about
b. bayou Folk, a book of folklore, was written by Kate Chapin about
c. the subject of Kate Chapins book Bayou Folk was the folklore of
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d. Kate Chaplin wrote Bayou Folk, a book about the folklore of

14. After finishing Roots, the one-hundred-year history of an African family. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. the Nobel Prize Committee awarded author Alex Haley a special citation for literary
excellence
b. the supertanker hauled toward the open seas by firefighters
c. firefighters hauled the supertanker toward the open seas
d. firefighters had hauled the supertanker toward the open seas
15. according to the conditions of their scholarships,. . . . . . . . . . . the university will employ
them for three years
a. after finishing their degrees
b. after students finishing their degrees
c. after students finished them degrees
d. after students finish their degrees
16. written by Neil Simon. . . . . . . . . . . . at the world premiere Saturday evening
a. New York audiences received the new play enthusiastically
b. New York audiences received enthusiatically the new play
c. The new play was received enthusiatically by New York audiences
d. The new play were enthusiatically received by New York audiences
17. Saddebed by the actors student death. . . . . . . . . . . . they can make donations in his name
to the American Cancer Society
a. a memorial fund will be established so that
b. family and friends will established a memorial fund so that
c. family and friends established a memorial fund so that
d. a memorial funds established so that
18. while searching the problem of violent crime. . . . . . . . . . . . were used to commit 64 percent
of all murders in the United States
a. the Senate committees discovery that handguns
b. the Senate committee discovering that handguns
c. handguns were discovered by the Senate committee that
d. the Senate committeee discovered that handguns
19. after reviewing the curriculum. . . . . . . . . . . . in traditional business programs at
Harvard University
a. several significant changes were made by the faculty
b. the faculty had made several significantly changes
c. the faculty made several significant changes
d. several significant changes had been made by the faculty
20. having hit more home runs than any other player in the history of baseball. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Hank Aarons record is famous
b. The record of Hank Aaron makes him famous
c. Hank Aaron is famous for record
d. Hank Aarons fame is his rocord
21. Traditionally named for women. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Bob, the first male name, was chosen for a hurricane
b. Bob was chosen as the first male name for a hurricane
c. A hurricane was named Bob, the first male name
d. A hurricane was chosen the first male name, Bob
22. Attempting to smuggle drugs into the country. . . . . . . . . . . .
a. The criminals were apprehended and taken to police headquarters for questioning by
customs officials
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b. Customs officials apprehended the criminals and took them to police headquarters
for questioning
c. The criminals were apprehended and took them to police headquarters for questioning
by customs official
d. Customs officials apprehended the criminals and taken them to police headquarters
for questioning
23. While trying to buil a tunnel through the Blue Ridge Mountains, . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Coal was discovered by workmen at the construction site
b. Coal was being discovered by workmen at the construction site
c. Workmen had discovered coal at the construction site
d. Workmen discovered coal at the construction site
1. After finishing Roots. The one-hundred-year history of an African America family. The
Nobel Prize Committee awarded author Alex Haley a special citation for literary
excellence.
2. A cometitive sport. Gymnasts perform before officials who must use their judgment
along with their knowledge of the rules to determine the relative skill of each participant
3. To remove stains from permanent press clothing, carefully soaking in cold water before
washing with a regular detergent
4. Found in Tanzania by Mary Leakey, some archeologists estimated that the three-millionyear-old fossils were the oldest humans to be discovered
5. After fighting the blaze for three days, the supertanker was hauled toward open seas by
firefighters in an effort to save the southern Caribbean from the worst oil spill in history
6. According to the conditions of their scholarships, after finishing their degrees. The
university will employ students for three years
7. Originally having been buried in Spain, and later moved to Santo Domingo in the
Dominican Republic, Columbuss final resting place is in Andalucia, Spain
8. Written by Neil Simon, New York audiences received the new play enthusiastically at the
world premiere Sartuday evening
9. By migrating to a warmer climate every fall, survival is assured for another year
10. Saddened by the actors sudden death, a memorial fund will be established so that family
and friends can make donations in his name to the American Cancer Society
11. To prevent cavities, dental floss should be used daily after brushing ones teeth
12. While researching the problem of violent crime, the Senate committees discovery that
handguns were used to commit 64 percent of all murders in the United States
13. Trying to purchase with cash, salespersons often asked customers for credit cards instead
14. After reviewing the curriculum, several significant changes were made by the faculty in
traditional business programs at Harvard University
15. Having hit more home runs that any other player in the history of base ball, Hank
Aarons record is famous
16. Banned in the U.S. the effect of fluorocarbons continues at a level that could eventually
damage the ozone layer, and bring about such serious results as high rish of skins cancer
and global climate changes
17. To avoid jet lag, many doctors record recommend that their patiens begin adjusting one
week before departure time by shifting one hour each day toward the new time schedule
18. After cooking in the microwave oven for five minutes, one should put most meat dishes
on a platter to cool
19. Traditionally named for women, Bob was chosen as the first male name for a hurricane
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20. Before testifying, their answers were sworn in by the court

21. By reading the instructions carefully, mistakes on the examinations can be avoided
22. Having been divorced, her credit could not be established in spite of her high income
23. Attempting to smuggle drugs in to the country, customs officials apprehended the
criminals and took them to police headquarters for questioning
24. While trying to build a tunnel through the Blue Ridge Mountains, coal was discovered by
workmen at the construction site
25. Founded in 1919, students and teachers who are interested in spending several months
abroad may benefit from educational programs administered by the Institute for
International Education
26. Being too young to understand death, my mother gave me a simple explanation of where
my father had gone
27. While working in my office last night, someone suddenly knocked loudly at my door and
nearly scared me to death
28. Strickly carnivorous, large animals such as elk and deer, as well as their mainstay such as
mice and rabbits are hunted by wolves
29. Relentlessly poisoned, trapped, and shot, hunters eradicated the timber wolf, a subspecies
of gray wolf, in the lower states by the 1940s
30. In 1970s, after realizing a mistake had been made, laws to protect wolves were passed by
U.S. lawmakers

133