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Dr. Jrgen Breuer, Worms:
Bliggers Umbehang: The Nibelungenlied
1. Understanding of the Nibelungenlied
The Nibelungenlied describes in 38 Aventiuren, adventures,
1
the history of
Royal Family of the Burgundians. Residence of the three kings Gunther, Gernot and
Giselher and their beautiful sister Kriemhild is Worms, the capital
Burgundy.
This epic was in spite of a relatively simple plot structure of the German
Research, especially the German, a variety of problems on the one hand
leaves the quantity of manuscripts to the prevalence in the later Middle Ages
Close, on the other hand, the author does not mention.
2
The time of origin in 1200 is hard to specify precisely. Detectable
historical
Covers, inner literary chronological relations and the
Rhyme technique give a frame of 1180 - 1210. Historical time references to
Staufer rule sound, but have more the character of the update
older fables of the Burgundians, their kings and the Empire. The Dissemination
the manuscripts scattered throughout the late Middle Ages; first
the medieval reception focused on the surroundings of Lake Constance,
in the 15th century but are also found in the Rhine-Frankish and in
Dutch space copies that of a large-scale distribution
Suggest song.
After the retrieval of the Nibelungenlied in Hohenems arose from the
Romance out under the umbrella of a nationally oriented German in 19th
Century the tendency to study the linguistic work of art on the
to limit German philology.
The idea of poetic and creative soul of the people left the German to
Language history, textual criticism and mythology limit. (...) Under the care
students Lachmann came philology as textual criticism to full bloom.
Man lost in individual questions, albeit in the with unusual
Passion led Nibelungen dispute whose leader Karl Mllenhoff, Franz
Pfeiffer and Karl Bartsch were the among the presented little things
Struggle for the freedom of research raged.
Since the German nation-building in 1871, the Nibelungenlied was on the other hand
1
Manuscript C, manuscript B has by dividing a Aventiure more.
2
The research results on the Nibelungenlied and the action are summarized and listed in
Joachim
Bumke: The four versions derNibelungenklage`, 1996, ibid
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2
Available as a political ambitions field. The political use of constellations
changed for the Nibelungenlied in the 19th century of sophisti-

republican to royalist reactionary and then sat down on the first

World War and its coping continued in Nazism. Chancellor
von Blow coined in 1909 the term of unquestioning loyalty; Paul von Hindenburg
compared with Germany's defeat Siegfried's murder; Hermann Gring
appointed in 1943 to the struggle of the Nibelungen.
The romantic approaches and the orientation of the German in the
Wilhelmine period to the north have a to this day
created irrational cycle of legends which the Nibelungenlied and its
are contemporary reception does not do justice. Sigurd is not Siegfried and
Hgni not Hagen. So make the Nibelungenlied excited Reuse and
Neudichtungen a special reception strand (Raupach 1834 Geibel 1861
Hebbel 1862), who has worked back to the understanding of the Nibelungenlied. The
is still regarded mainly for predominantly fed from Nordic sources new
Mythologizing of the substance in Richard Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen (1863).
Here the path of the historian is taken back to the sources: the
Consideration of the kingdom of the Franks under the Merovingian dynasty, the
Carolingian, the Salian and finally the Staufer royal court in Worms
allows the term of the Nibelungs and the Burgundians historically plausible
to make and to also mention the poet of the Nibelungenlied ..
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2. The contents
Part One (16 Aventiuren)
In the land of the Burgundians to Worms on the Rhine, there is King Gunther. His
Brothers Gernot and Giselher stand by his side. Among many other nobles
including Hagen of Tronje and Volker von Alzey the wake of three
Brothers. These do not have a sister, the beautiful Kriemhild to the Siegfried
advertises of Xanten, the case as a heroic and invulnerable dragon slayer
the Burgondenknigen is already known.
Siegfried is Kriemhild get to wife, he must Gunther helps
beautiful and exceptionally strong Brunhild to overcome Queen of Iceland,
and as a wife to win. Using its Alberich the dwarf wrested
Stealth defeated Brunhild Siegfried, invisible to the Gunther's side fighting.
Any return to Worms, where double wedding is celebrated.
Siegfried and Kriemhild spend in Xanten ten happy years until on
Invitation Gunther and greisem accompanied by Siegfried's father Siegmund
come back to Worms. Here come the two queens front of the cathedral
reveals in dispute, and Kriemhild, Brunhild that time not by Gunther, but
has been defeated by Siegfried. For their revenge win Brunhild Hagen, who
the pretext of wanting to protect Siegfried, Kriemhild of the only
Siegfried's vulnerable spot undergoes. At a fountain at the Odenwald
pierced him Hagen from behind with his spear.
Part Two (11 Aventiuren):
Kriemhilds hatred of Hagen is heightened when this her from Siegfried
inherited and transported to Worms Nibelungen Treasure takes away and in
Rhine sunk. After years of mourning she takes the advertising of Hun
Etzel, presented by Margrave Rdiger von Bechelaren, and attracts the
Hunnenhof. After marriage in Vienna and moving into Etzel's castle
she reigns as queen over the Huns and gives Etzel also a son

named Ortlieb. Your revenge for the murder of Siegfried but they will not forget.
After 13 years, she invites her brothers with their retinue to a feast. Despite the
Warning Hagens decide the kings, the invitation to follow; in the
Border region they are hosted by hospitable Margrave Rdiger; here
it comes with even the engagement between the daughter and Rdiger Gotelinds
Giselher and exchange of gifts before the Burgundians to Etzel
Burg continue riding.
Part Three (11 Aventiuren):
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4
The Burgundians, now also known as Nibelung, come under Hagens and
Volkers guide to Etzel's court. Volker and Hagen take a hostile
Attitude towards Kriemhild, which in Hagen hands Siegfried's sword
Balmung sees and finally demands the Nibelung treasure. Volker and
Hagen demonstrate their opposition. Kriemhild succeeds after futile
Try finally, Bldel, brother Etzel to gain revenge for their plan:
But this loses by Hagens brother Dankwart life before the
Burgundian squire be slain; on this news heads Hagen
the young prince Ortlieb. In combat all Burgundians fall to Hagen
and Gunther, who was captured by Dietrich von Bern and before Kriemhild
to be brought. You can kill Gunther to get out of the hiding place of Hagen
To learn Nibelung treasure; when he is silent, she kills him by hand and
then the old Hildebrand, the armorer Dietrich, with the sword
struck down.
This is the downfall of the dynasty of the Burgundians, the seizure after
the Nibelung treasure and the sword Balmung also called Nibelungen
will.
All manuscripts of the Nibelungenlied is a second, Christian-oriented
Narration added, the action: The messenger Werbel and Swmmel report in
Passau and in Worms from the demise of the Nibelungen at Etzel's court.
3. The "Nibelungen" in the epic
The name Nibelung does not appear in Nibelungenlied for a single song figure
but he referred to in the first part of the treasure owners who subdues Siegfried,
namely the king's sons and Schilbung Nibelung, in the second part it is then
to identify the Nibelungen with the Burgundians; it is said in verse
1519/20:
The Snellen Burgundians themselves hoben UZ
d waiting Uupper in the countryside a Michel.
beidenthalp the mountains weinde WIP and you.
SWI there ir volc getaete, si fuoren vroelche dan.
The Nibelunges helde Komen with in Dan
halspergen in tsent. ze Hs si heten ln
vil manige nice vrouwen, di si geshen never m
Sfrides the wounds did Kriemhilde WE.
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Burgundians and Nibelungen be quite regionally differentiated. Siegfried is
in the first part of the Lord of the Nibelungs, his wife Kriemhild lays claim

on the treasure as dowry. Here at the start to Etzel's court include

Nibelungen with the Burgundians to force. If then in the sequence when train
to Etzel's court the Wormser Army Group under Hagens leadership as Nibelungen
is called (NL 1712; 1723; 1734; 1867; 1897; 2172), then marked the
Poet, that dominion over the Nibelungenland after Siegfried's death at the
Burgundians has passed. Siegfried, throughout as the hero of the Netherlands
called, is after defeating dwarf Alberich as the ruler of the
Seen Nibelungen and also the stronghold of the Nibelungen based (NL 736).
The varied use of the term "Nibelungen", even for the
People that Siegfried by the killing of kings Schilbung and Nibelung and
Overcoming the dwarf Alberich has conquered, then the Wormser HeeresReck or association which comes under Hagens guide to Etzel's court should be,
explain, as the symbol of the sword and the Balmung Nibelungenhort. The
both Nibelungen kings passed this sword Siegfried for rent (NL 91) and
by means of this sword succeeds Siegfried to slay the kings, Alberich
defeat and win the Nibelungenhort.
Siegfried used this sword successfully against the Danes and Saxons (NL
205), he used it even in the hunt (NL 952). After the murder of Siegfried
Hagen carries this sword that he won on a bad kind (NL 1795), he sets it
against Hildebrand (NL 2302) and to Dietrich von Bern (NL 2347) a. The same
Sword Balmung is the poet than the sword, or the Nibelungen
designated (NL 2344 u. 2345). Hagen is in spite of the sword of Dietrich
tied up and loses his life.
Looking at the sword as the symbol of kingship in the Middle Ages,
as required by the symbolism of the imperial regalia, then the in epic
process illustrated quite plausible: Siegfried wins by the "borrowed"
or donated sword of Nibelung the power and stronghold, by the
young Nibelungen kings slays; Hagen takes over as the murderer of Siegfried
Sword and power and adds thereby the Nibelungen in the retinue of
Burgundians a. The popular or dynasty name Nibelungen comes in
two ways to the Burgundians over: you have the sword, and also the
Treasure, that all political power, through their crimes received, they are allowed to
boast of the name of the Nibelungen, but go to this fame because of their
Excessiveness, its unmaze, based. The Hagen ultimately also benefits the
Sword of the Nibelungen, Balmung, with whom he still met Hildebrand crucial
nothing more than Dietrich ties him with strong arms.
The Nibelungen sword Balmung corresponds Nibelungenhort. View this design
pervades as consistent as the sword of the overall action of the
Epic (NL 87, 771, 1113, 1268, 1320, 1738, 1739). The Hort owner Siegfried
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seems plagued by any scruples, acquired the treasure by homicide to
have, but he appears unconcerned on without actually legitimize its possession
to. Likewise, Hagen goes to the nursery to unlawfully and sunk him
Finally, in the Rhine. Finally Kriemhild beheads her adversary Hagen
the sword Balmung because this is not the hiding place of the Nibelung treasure
reveals.
4. The Nibelungen as Carolingian historian
It appears from the statement Song forth little sense, the name "Nibelungen" on

to relate historical individual personalities. The Nibelungs are rather than

People to capture parallel as the root or as an aristocratic group to the song historically;
their
The insignia, sword and treasure became violently Siegfried, then
After his assassination Hagen or Burgondenknige. Since the acquisition of
Treasure and the sword are the Burgundians called Nibelungen.
The two described in connection with the Nibelung operations:
Treasury division and transfer of the sword, are the historian as Reich divisions
and change of dynasty familiar in the history of the Franks. We can in
inform the two main sources of Frankish history:
Gregory of Tours (538-594) reported in the "Ten Books History" from
Reich division principle of the Merovingian and the so-called. Fredegar continued this
Historiography by "The Four Books of Chronicles" continues until the year
736. This is mainly the realm of the Merovingian and divisions
its managers, the Carolingian Meier and the Treasure Theme:
3
Let the names of the authors of the sequels Fredegar's Chronicle
listen up :. Count Hildebrand of Burgundy, brother or half-brother of Karl
Martell - this is the grandfather of Charlemagne - was responsible for the second
Continuation of the historic opera 736-751.
4
His son, Count of Burgundy Nibelung dictated the history of the Carolingian
751-768 his clerk. Is the highlight of their time
the change of dynasty of the Merovingians to the Carolingians, also Pippinids
3
Herwig Wolfram: Introduction to: The four books of the Chronicles of the so-called
Fredegar (Baron
from Stone Memorial Edition IV a), p.6: "must Particular emphasis of the work
Fredegarischen
his interest in the royal treasury (eg, IV 85), taxation (II 37, III 80, IV 24) and for the
Theory of international relations (eg, IV 87) shall apply. "
4
Ibid. P.8: "Hildebrand, who was so against his half-brother remained completely loyal,
had
Possessions in nearby Melun and probably at Autun. About the place where these
pippinidisch-nibelungische house story was written, no further details can be
determined, but
they too may have been written in Metz. "
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called.
Still Count Hildebrand reported: "At this time, on the Council and the
Sent an embassy to the consent of all the Franks the apostolic seat
and after the papal verdict became known, was the
illustrious Pippin, as of old, the order requires, by selection
all francs together with the Queen to the throne of the kingdom Bertrada
set, which initiated him the bishops and the leading men of the kingdom to him
subdued. "
5

When the last Merovingian king Childeric III. 751 was sent to the monastery and
the Carolingian had taken over the kingdom, began the
History of Count Nibelung. In the franc history states:
"Up to this point was the vir inluster Count Hildebrand, the uncle of the king
mentioned
Pippin, the story or the action of the franc to record carefully. From
Here the recording took place under the supervision of the vir inluster Nibelung, the
Son of Hildebrand, who was a Graf also. "
6
The change of dynasty of the Merovingians to the Carolingians falls accordingly with
the change of history together. These so-called. Conti Nationes
Fredegarii Count Nibelung are the main source of Franconia
History until today is of particular importance.
7
5
Continuationes 33 / p.299.
6
Continuationes 34 / S.301.
7
Herwig Wolfram: Introduction to: The four books of the Chronicles of the so-called
Fredegar (Baron
from Stone Memorial Edition IV a), p.9: This Conti Nationes Fredegarii are a source
of
History until today is of particular importance: "The fact that her performance but so
much
Charles Martel and Pippin is aimed, of course is related to the character of a house
history
together. But precisely because here the opinion of the distinguished Carolingian about
yourself
is reproduced, the Conti Nationes Fredegarii for us of extraordinary value. Especially
noteworthy is the embossed of Old Testament ideas conception of kingship, as
it shows in all sequels. "
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8th
5. The origin of the Nibelungen
Now the the side branch of the Carolingian entstamme ends of the author
Conti Nationes Fredegarii Hildebrand and Nibelung no accident called
Individual personalities, but they were members of an important
Family group and were among the Frankish Great.
The question of the historical Nibelungen leads far back to the time of
Beginnings or the origin of the Carolingian dynasty. The secured
Family tradition called Arnulf, bishop of Metz and Pippin the Elder as
derenAhnherren that decision in the struggle for power in Austrasia, the
Frankish Eastern Empire, 613 the rebellion against the Queen Brunhild - as
Westgotin wife of Merovingian Siegbert I, then widow - spearheaded. The
Rebellion succeeded, Brunhild was executed, it is in Autun, the former
Buried capital of Burgundy.
8th
A century later, the Pippinids secured the final power: Karl

Martell, the grandfather of Charlemagne, and his half-brother Count Hildebrand

of Burgundy, the father of the historian Nibelung, politically negotiated
and militarily in common:
So it is to the victories of Charles Martel: "The Saracens gathered their enemy
Army and invaded the heavily fortified and lying on a hill town
Avignon one; This uprising they ravaged the area. On the other hand sent
the excellent dux Karl his brother whom dux Childebrand, a capable
Man with other duces and comites with an army contingent in that area. They
came very quickly to this city, pitched tents and occupied at all
Sides the area around the city; they besieged the heavily fortified city and
drew up a battle line, to the great warrior Karl them succeeded and the
called City attack; he put walls around, struck camp and aggravated the
Enclosure. As with Jericho, they attacked with war cries and sounds of tubas
with siege equipment and rope ladders urban and house walls on, invaded
this well-fortified town, and put them on fire; They took the army of their
Enemies caught, slaughtered and threw them down and brought the city with
Success returned to their violence. "
9
The battles against the Arabs to Avignon, the 738 in favor of the Franks
could be finished, show the consensual military and political
Actions by Charles Martel and his half-brother Count Hildebrand, the
Progenitor of the Nibelungen. In Tours / Poitiers 732 and 738 in Avignon was the
8th
Ibid. P.12 f.
9
Fredegar continuationes 20 / p.289 f.
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Banned Sarazenengefahr
With the attainment of kingship over the Franks in 751 Hildebrand has
Son, Count Nibelung, the historiography until the coronation of Charlemagne
adopted; He therefore enjoyed the special confidence of the dynasty
Carolingian.
The monastery took Nivelles in the Carolingian dynasty and its religiouspolitical claim a key role; you can be the assumption
not quite close that Count Hildebrand his son after this monastery
named or conversely an ancestor of the dynasty the name for this
Monastery was because the dynasty of the historical Nibelungen decreed in the 8th and
9th
Century on top of functions in the Frankish kingdom nobility.
10
The
Nibelungenlied makes especially the Burgundian branch of historical
Nibelungen interesting, with Hildebrand II., Son of Count I. Nibelung,
attaches. . Hildebrand II son Ekkard had three sons; Besides Dietrich
Richard, the righteous, Duke of Burgundy, and Boso, Count of Vienne, of
particular importance: Richards son Rudolf became king of France. His
Brother Boso, Count of Vienne, 879 could be to the king of Lower Burgundy
crown. His son Ludwig III., The blind, 901 even reached the imperial,

but was captured by his adversary Berengar in Italy 905

and blinded. Important in the overview of this genealogy Nibelungian
Family branch is finally a Rudolf I. of Upper Burgundy, which there 888
Another Burgundian kingdom founded. He was on his sister
Adelheid the brother of Richard, the righteous.
Around 900 there were therefore three adjacent control or Kingdoms with the
Name Burgundy, two furnished as Carolingian successor states
Kingdoms in Lower Burgundy under King Boso and his son Ludwig III.,
Upper Burgundy under King Rudolph I (the Burgundian Guelph), and the
West Frankish duchy of Burgundy under Richard the righteous of Burgundy,
his son Rudolf was then 923 elected and anointed king of Francia.
All three Burgundian kings Nibelungen, the first two (or Boso
Ludwig III. of Lower Burgundy, and Rudolf, king of Francia) directly in
male line descended from Count Nibelung, the third, the Welf Rudolf
I. of Upper Burgundy, about his sister Adelheid with the historical
Nibelungen marriage.
Around this time, therefore, we find a trinity of Burgundy kings who made
the sex of the Nibelungs come. Ins Nibelungenlied is this
Triple structure of the Burgundian kings added. Simultaneously, the
Statement of the song saying that from the Burgundians in the second part of the epic
Be Nibelungen.
10
For the following cf. Laetitia Boehm:. History of Burgundy, aaOl
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6. Worms as Burgunden- and Nibelungen town
But how is it now to refer to as the capital of Worms
Burgondenreichs and simultaneously act as a center of the whole epic?
After the efforts of the Emperor Otto I to Burgundy and his marriage
Adelheid, daughter of King Rudolph II. of Upper Burgundy, sister
Conrad I., King of Burgundy, eventually joined the Salian Konrad II. And
Henry III. . 1032 - Rudolf III, King of Burgundy, had passed away - the heritage:
The Salian whose old grave Lege is located in the Worms Cathedral, the kings were
of Burgundy. This Burgundian kingdom was then in the next century with all three Burgundian part rich - by marriage to Beatrix of Burgundy
the Staufer Friedrich Barbarossa and his son Henry VI .; the
Pfalzgrafschaft Burgundy received Heinrichs brother Otto. During his lifetime, the
poet
the triumvirate of the Kings of Burgundy illuminate new; this had in Worms
her favorite residence.
The term of the Nibelungen thus comprises a total of the generations of
Burgundian sexes, ranging from the Pippinids Hildebrand and
Nibelung, Count of Burgundy, on the three kings Boso of Vienne, Rudolph
II. Of Upper Burgundy and Rudolph I of France, and finally the dynasty
Salian, based in Worms and in the follow-up to the Staufer Friedrich
Barbarossa and Henry VI. Is the sinking of the Nibelungen at Etzel's court
multiple matches: First 907 in the disastrous Battle of
Pressburg, as a large part of the Carolingian aristocracy with the Margrave
Luitpold died and the Ostmark was lost to the Hungarians; but also quite

Currently in failed crusade 1189/90 whose output historically the

Decline of the Staufer dynasty initiated. With the events of
Vlkerwanderungszeit 436/7 has the story of the song probably has little in common,
because then came the Huns of Aetius to Burgundy, in the song draw
Burgundians in the opposite direction to the Huns to Etzel's court.
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7. The Nibelungenlied and the literary tradition of the chanson de geste
The setting of the scene of the epic by the poet in the first
Stanzas of the Nibelungenlied is known: Kriemhild and her brothers grow in
Burgundy on. The brothers Kriemhilds Gunther, Gernot and Giselher are there
Kings. Make the song with their followers and the people first, the
"Burgundians", then in the second part of the song - especially in the doomsday
scenario the Nibelung represents.
For this is the peculiar historical parallel that the Count Nibelung Historian of the Carolingian to the throne seizure of Charlemagne Graf was in Burgundy, in the ancient capital of Autun, where the historical
Brunhilde prevailed and received her tomb.
Research has in France and in Germany before the Second World War
diverse energy it used historical evidence for the presence
the tribe of the Burgundians in Worms and Mainz area under King
Gundahar find 406-436. A comparison of the historical
Circumstances of the procedures in the Nibelungenlied is but not very productive
remained: Neither is the historic environment of this time to reasonably safe
open, still refer acting narrative characters and plot episodes
specifically on this phase of the migration period. This is already alone from the
Life and work of Queen Brunhilde clear that as supreme ruler
in Autun and Worms not in the first half of the 5th century, but in the
second of the 6th century has gone down in the history of Burgundy.
The Paris Nibelungenlied researcher Jean Fourquet writes 1998:
"For 70 years (1926-1996) I read the Nibelungenlied as the legend of the
Burgondenuntergang, 437. No one seemed to indicate that Theodoric
had not yet been born around 437, Attila still autocrat (and in
eastern empire). But it was possible that the knowledge that the Burgundians
a (relatively short) time on the left bank of the middle Rhine
had been settled, had penetrated in scholarly circles, about about Rome
the Arelat, and claims of the then vast state Bourgogne on the
then "Staufer" Rhineland seemed justified. Frederick I was the king
crowned of Burgundy in 1178. I content myself with, this possibility
to point: the paraphrase (or paraphrase, rechristening) would be 1189
been made at the time when the Emperor Frederick I, a mighty
Heere Executive Board, which gathered in Regensburg, 1190 via Passau, on the
Danube to reach Hungary. The Nibelungenlied-poet knows the spot
unions at the exact route. Had the Empress Beatrice, Comtesse de Bourbon
Gogne that Friedrich had married 1156, be aware of any buoch Kriemhilde,
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the at this time (1150-1160) was born? They stayed like the Imperial Palace to Speyer.
As Beatrixens father, Renaud III. Died, Friedrich was solemnly "roi de
Bourgogne "crowned, in Arles (1178). New studies would be needed,
to elicit whether someone knew in Arelat that the Rhineland once by the
Burgundians had been settled ... "
Fourquet makes it clear that the poet of the late 12th century with
Burgundy and the Burgondenknigen another time and space rule
thinks than previously thought. This perspective is already reflected in the
Text structure: The poet does not mention in the initial verses the
Tribe, but the region or territory, the kingdom or the country:
Kriemhild growing in Burgundy (NL 2); as zen Burgundians something ir lant genant
(NL
5). He pays primarily probably his supreme mistress the attached
Respect, the Queen and Empress Beatrix of Burgundy, as well as his master
Frederick Barbarossa, who was crowned in Arles in 1188 as King of Burgundy.
This refers to the representation of Burgondenknige, its splendor and its
But destruction is not only the end time of the Staufer Empire, the Burgundy as
valuable part of the empire was involved and was ruled from Worms, but
Rather, the development of the imperial power, from the sword and Hort
Nibelungen up to the downfall of the Burgundians at Etzel's court. The historic
Process of developing Burgundy, the author politically from his perspective
interpreted, thus becomes a fable of the epic. Therefore the poet sums in
Closing
verse what is happening as the Nibelunge not or Nibelunge Liet together.
A survey of the literary landscape to the time of origin of the
Nibelungenlied, so can be found in France a comprehensive literary tradition
epic poetry:
11
These older chansons de geste relating to military
Events and the kings and vassals clans to the time of Charlemagne, but
on whose ancestors as Charles Martel and Pippin and his descendants
Louis the Pious to Charles III. (Gen. The Fool). The content
aristocratic rulers and vassal clans and their conflicts to display
brought total based on historical models.
12
The French literary genre of chanson de geste was before the
11
This art form unfolded with the Chanson de Roland (1090 originated) and the Gormont
et Isembart
(1068-1104). Then came the Chanson de Guillaume (1110-1120), Le Couronnement
de
Louis (1131-1137), Moniage Guillaume (1160-1180), Le Voyage de Charlemagne
(between
1130 and 1150), Girart de Roussillon (1146-1149), the crusade cycles Chanson
dAntioche, Les Chetifs, La
Conqute de Jerusalem (1177-1181); also with unsecured dating Aiol, Raoul de
Cambrai and the
Lorraine epics Garin le Loherain, Renaut de Montauban and Gerbert de Metz (to
1185). To see dating.
Michael Heintze: king, hero and clan, S.21-29.

12
See below p
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13
Emergence of the Nibelungenlied distribution in German-speaking countries. Best
Example of this is the transfer of Roland song by the priest Konrad in
the German language; This describes the work and (9079-9083):
I haisze the phaffe Chunrat.
So iz at the Beech gescribin stat
in franc hissing tongues
I han iz in the latine bedwngin,
Danne gekeret in di tutiske.
(I am the priest Konrad.
What in French
written down in the book is,
I have into Latin
and then translated into German)
The translation into German, the same time a transformation towards
the crusade idea, was preceded by a Latin version. The present
German version is probably originated in 1172
13
and as follows Herzog
Henry the Lion dedicated (9017-9034):
Nu we wnschen all geliche
the Duchess Hain Riche
DAZ got the lone.
di di matteria is scone.
di sueze we have of the:
DAZ buoch he hiz before wearing,
gescriben ze the Karlingen.
the siege di noble Duke held,
Aine Richen chuoniges barn.
(We wish all
Duke Heinrich
God's reward.
The project is magnificent.
The kindness we have from him,
commissioned for this book he gave,
written about the Carolingian.
This required the noble duchess,
the daughter of a wealthy king.)
13
Dieter Kartschoke: The dating of the German "Chanson de Roland", Stuttgart 1965
(Germanistische
Treatises 9)
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Addressed in the dedication of the epic not only Henry but also

whose second wife Mathilde, daughter of King Henry II. of England. This
demanded the testimony of Conrad the epic about the family of the Carolingian, daz
buoch he hiz submit that gescriben ze the Karlingen. the siege di noble Duke held.
Against this background the question is literary, because if not the
Aventiuren the Nibelungenlied a chanson de geste, or as William
Wanted to characterize W.Kibler for later modern form, a chanson
daventures represent.
14
Subject of the epic would be the fate of the clan
the Nibelungen. There are many indications for such an assumption. First offers
the final stanza of the poem, the events collectively, the Notice on
the illustrious family of the historical Nibelungen:
Ine chan iu niht modestly what sider as geschach,
wan knights and vrowen you weep properly,
represents knehte to di noble, Ir love friunde dead.
since DAZ has Maere an end: diz is the Nibelunge not.
(Version B)
Ine say iu nu niht mers of the Grozen not who were erslagen since that time Lazen dead as ir is geviengen DINCH at the Huns diet.
hie has DAZ Maere an end: DAZ is the Nibelunge Liet.
(Version C)
The version C suppressed stronger than B the program: Not the concept of necessity
the Nibelungen, which is currently in the final part of the Kampftod of stretching,
can summarize the events of the epic, but only the lapidary sentence daz
is the Nibelunge Liet , this is the Chanson daventure des Nibelungen .
Another indication that a chanson de geste is present, provides the determination,
that in the historical dynasty of the Nibelung family so many names with the
Heroes of the Nibelungenlied agree that this is the French
Research in 1934 was striking:
15
"In a discussion about the place of
Origin of the Nibelungen, the legendary hero of the Germanic epic has,
Recently Henri Grgoire's name Nibelung of the monastery of Nivelles
derived and assumed that the Burgundian Nibelungen legend their
14
See William W. Kibler. "La <chanson daventures>". In: Essor et Fortune de la chanson
de geste dans
lEurope et Lorient latin. Actes du Congrs International de IXe Socit pour Rencesvals
ltude of
popes Romanes. Padoue-Venise, 29 aot-4 septembre 1982 (Modena, 1984), vol. 2,
S.509-515.
15
Levillain, Les Nibelungen historiques, S. 345, A.3: "Dans une dicussion rcente
laquelle a donn lieu
lorigine des Nibelungen, les Hros lgendaires de Lpope germanique, M. Henri
Grgoire fait ce venir
nom de Nibelung de celui de Nivelles et suppose que les Nibelungen Burgondes de La
Legende ont

emprunt leur dnomination aux Nibelungen francs de qui ne lhistoire seraient, ent fait
que les
Pippinides. "
Page 15
15
Designation would have borrowed from the Frankish Nibelungen history that in
Reality which were Pippinids ".
Thanks to the comprehensive investigation of Michael Heintze to the Chanson de
gesture and their education cycles appear set the criteria under which the
Compared Aventiuren the Nibelungenlied with those of the French role models
can be. In the Nibelungenlied the life of the hero appear
and his death, the relationship between king and vassal, the loss of the model
Features of Karlknigtums, the conflict between the king and vassal and the
Family education on the part of the royal family, the Feudalsippen and
Verrtersippen.
16
Heintze succeeds, a kind of genealogy of literary figures
form of chansons, inspired by historical models and by the
Clan structure is marked.
With its presentation of the royal family and their marriage practices followed by the
Nibelungenlied poet the system of chansons de geste in the way they the
Adel world at least since 1150 was familiar.
17
In Girart de Roussillon and Raoul de
Cambrai are the motives of the clan feud and the conflict between the king and
Vassal already worked out in detail.
This called royal clan arrange the rest of us either as figures
foreign royal house or a vassal to groups, but not in a system
the subservience but as broadly balanced consultants and opponents.
Even Rumold, the chef, is a consultant and even as Landverweser
taken the kings seriously.
It therefore appears in the Nibelungenlied, a far-reaching structural relationship
gesture with the above-cited Chansons de French origin. Important
Common features are the conflict motives of rulers and
Vassal families, the marriage and the resulting therefrom dynastic
Claims and especially the common historical reference room, namely the
Environment of Charlemagne, who speak as the ideal ruler figure the mirror image
the successful or unsuccessful political actions of his predecessors or
Representing successors in kingship.
Under no circumstances should the differences with the prescribed in France
Be overlooked song structures: the center and the starting point of all
Aventiuren is the city of Worms, thus an eastern seaward position of the
Frankish Empire. The Aventiuren can - with a few exceptions - no
16
See Michael Heintze. King, hero and clan. Studies on the Chanson de geste of the 13th
and 14th
Century and its cycles Education (Studia Romanica, Ed.. Kurt Baldinger, Klaus
Heitmann, Ulrich
Molk. 76.Heft). Heidelberg 1991st

17
Ibid., P.207 ff.
Page 16
16
Hero image to, but rather an anti-image: Gunther overcomes Brunhild by cunning,
Siegfried has on fraud in part, Hagen killed Siegfried sneaky, Bldel slays
the unarmed miners, Kriemhild let the brother beheaded, kills the
Hagen is bound, as a woman of Hildebrand cut to pieces, etc.
The outstanding feature of the epic is thus its independence both in
selecting praised family and the place of action; In addition, the
very skeptical assessment of heroism and domination symbols Note
example of Nibelungenschatz and Nibelungen sword. This prohibits from
outset assessing the Nibelungenlied as ancient Germanic heroic epic;
such an interpretation does not appear even by a naive
Language comprehension forth possible because even Siegfried enters the Wormser Hof
in
courtly sense not as a hero but as a brawny usurper on. And is
Gunther - hanging on the nail - a hero? Even the figure of the ideal knight
Rdiger, like the Dietrichs by participating in the unjust
Extermination Kriemhilds questioned.
Among the variety of Nibelungenlied manuscripts has the handwriting of a
the Bodmer Library - it dates from the 15th century - one in Geneva
Curiosity: The first 5 are Aventiuren by a prose introduction as follows
Text replaced:
Since you tzalt of Christ gepurde sibenn / hundertt iar afterward Inn vietzistenn the IAR
/
because what pipanus Vonn frannkchreich Romisch / augostus the hueb to Ram VND
satztt
/ To Genn chostanntinapell Vonn ungeharsam the Rmr / VND verswuer he never
is kham. He also satztt zee / Vogt ann his place Herdietreich chunig betw gottlanntt
because / the man called tzeitt Herdietreich of pernn Pey because tzeiten / lives of the
setting
Romans Boetzius because herdietreich Vieng vumb / The DAZ he vast the Romr before
the deadline with
his weishaitt / v and was geuangen vunntz to seinenn death agony herdietrichs / zeitenn
Dec
romischenn vogtz the auennteur / dec vergienng pueches Vonn because rekchenn VND
Vonn
kreymhilldenn /
18
This historical distortion initially appears incomprehensible to the historian:
Although the statement is correct, that Theodoric (Dietrich), called from Bern
(Verona) his Roman contemporaries Boethius 510 consul and later
to magister palatii appointed him eventually accuse, imprison and after a long
Executed prison was; but the personality of Pippin the Younger, the 751 of the
Merovingian kingship took over, does not fit in this time level. How should
of the centuries earlier deceased Ostrogoth as Vogt Roman
have used? Now called the writer of the 15th century created
18

The Nibelungenlied. Parallel printing of manuscripts A, B and C together with readings

of other
Manuscripts. Ed. By. Michael S. Batts, Tbingen 1971 S.795.
Page 17
17
Handwriting expressly only the year 740, in which this is all done and the
Aventiure the book have played by the stretching and of Kriemhild itself.
One might therefore hold him for a historically ignorant, the on
Lives of these three personalities are difficult or impossible
was informed and as tumber copyists whose assignment could not afford.
In contrast, however, the talks completely correct allocation of Theodoric and Boethius
and the correct political assessment of the position of Pippin in the middle of
8th century.
It does not appear therefore rather advised that historically the incorrect assignment
Schreiber imputable, but the structuring of the Nibelungenlied itself
due. Because acting in song characters can indeed partially with
historical figures are compared, such as Dietrich von Bern
Theodoric the Great, died 526, King Etzel the Hun
Attila, died 453, King Gunther with the Burgundian king Gundahar, the 437
fell against the Hun auxiliaries of Aetius; likewise, a comparison of the
Bishop Pilgrim of Passau possible with the historic Pilgrim of Passau, the
991 died.
The examples show that any attempt to the song as historical figures
Refer to personalities on a single time level, to fail
is doomed. We must therefore separate them from the ideas, the
Nibelungenlied tell the downfall of the Burgundy Empire 437 in Mainz and
Wormser room because the Burgundians or Nibelungs pull of the Worms
Hunland while historically the Huns, the Burgundian kingdom of Worms
Have overrun space.
Back to our clerk as amended A: He has the events surrounding Kriemhilds
Revenge on the time of the first Carolingian king Pepin, father of Charlemagne
Great respect. The literary representation of the deeds of the ancestors of Charlemagne
Great, the great emperor himself and his descendants was the Carolingian
12th century quite common; in old French-speaking countries we call it
as chansons of geste , for the Middle High German-speaking countries has been the
Connection to the Karlsepik reluctantly accepted. The German research
19th and 20th century has especially the Nibelungenlied a special position
as the German epic par assigned; I quote de Boor:
Only with the Nibelungenlied takes the heroes Roman visible in front of us, but now
once in a so full, proud unfolding that we once towering at a summit
the seal are. From the shapeless fog lore loser centuries he dives
up, large and clear. And it seems even bigger because he is lonely. The Nibelungenlied
is the only epic of Staufer heyday that we possess. It alone has us
the classical type represented.
19
19
History of German Literature, ed. v. Helmut de Boor and Richard Newald, Vol. 2,
Mnchen

Page 18
18
Here is unlike de Boors position of trying to be daring, to
Fog to clear lore loser centuries. Nibelungs work at their
Year of King Pippin survey and represents the Carolingian entitled to
the power is in Swiss francs in a positive way. The Nibelungenlied of outgoing
12th century could thus very elegant, in the wake of the French
Literary movement, the res gestae Pippin of his ancestors and his descendants
build by the author, the sources of the so-called. Fredegar and Count
Nibelung ausntzte and the family unit a sideline of Pippinids
epic brought to representation whose members there in the time of the kingdom division
elected the descendants of Charlemagne even Burgundian kings
were.
The writer as amended a) was the relationship of the Nibelungenlied to the
Chronicle of the Counts of Burgundy Nibelung, the reign of Pepin the
describes, probably still present. Results for the modern reader the Nibelungenlied
However, the difficulty of the relationship between fictional figure and
establish historical personality and its function for the song statement
to make it plausible. First, it should be noted that the figures of the song
Nibelungenlied as Dietrich von Bern, Kriemhild and Brunhild, and Gunther
Hagen, Etzel and Hildebrand were so very fact typed or idealized,
that they are taken from the various historical layers of time and of them
accurate historical context in which they have worked, is missing. You will receive in
the fictitious
Space on the now simultaneous levels of action of the song attributes her
external appearance, their speech and their actions that with only partially
which the historical personality match. This ideal type
Properties are largely based on the requirements of the courtly world the 12th century.
Matched century and can according to the ethical and moral
Standpoint of the poet or writer in positive or negative direction
be varied. The chansons de geste take figures from already
the present seal, but also chronicles vitae and documents
Organize their attributes and their behaviors but is often
changed. An example of this is the Song of Roland, whose French
Submission by the priest Konrad and Karl Stricker in the design
the figures and was significantly restructured in the statement of the action, so
that from the various versions of the historical persons and events
little more can be identified.
Yet Karl are the Great and his companions by the authors of the chansons
been seen as historical entities, but less precise in analysis
their historical thinking and acting, as in the political understanding of time
Christian-oriented imperial politics of the 12th century, to which instruments
1953 p.152.
Page 19
19
the seal was well as the history, the official documents
and the artistic design of the imperial idea, such as the
Karlsschrein in Aachen. At the historical model, idealized and stylized, has
so the Karlsepik the late 12th and early 13th century in

Can unfold Germany.

The Nibelungenlied seems at first - despite the introduction of the quoted
Manuscript A - against the classification in the tradition of the chanson de geste to
. lock The reason for this is the course of action that a few figures
heroically represents; Siegfried does not occur even at Wormser Hof in courtly sense
as a hero, but as a brawny usurper on. Even the figure of the ideal
Knight Rdiger, like the Dietrichs by participating in the unjust
Extermination Kriemhilds questioned. The view of the French
But literature after 1150 also explains such a presentation: In Girart de
Roussillon (1146-1149), in Raoul de Cambrai and in Garin of the Loherain
Topics of the clan feud and the conflict between the king and vassal already
detail worked out; Again, the kingdom is rather negative light.
Another argument for the classification of the Nibelungenlied in the tradition
the chansons de geste provides the naming of the characters and their song
Handlungsort: the historian Worms presents itself already in Carolingian
Time as a city within the meaning of the Burgundians Nibelungenlied poet.
20
Through
numerous gift certificates in favor of the Reich abbeys Fulda and Lorsch in
the reign of Charles we are the names of the nobility in the Worms area
knowledgeable; we find in a deed in favor of Fulda
22.3.785 four names of Nibelungenlied figures before, including the name
the exhibitor Kriemhild of Worms that those certificate together with Walther
and Siegfried signed. Part of Schenkungsguts stemming from the inheritance
the Ute, who is also mentioned in the document text.
21
Kriemhild is not therefore
only fictional character of the Nibelungenlied, but belonged to the Carolingian
Nobility in Wormsgau the time of Charlemagne.
22
How Kriemhild are almost all
Nibelungenlied name in the Codex Reichsabtei Fulda and in the Lorsch Codex
recorded, in documents that concern at the Wormser space and
20
Friedrich Zorn reports: It has but Charlemagne the time his government in any part of
its imperial
royal household had rather then just allhie to Worms. because you lieset that he in any
city, as often as he for war and
shops of the empire has to because such can bring (then dasmals the Emperor pulled in
rich round and not to
had a place sttige royal household), have been more and dwelt longer than has in this
city (...) (Wormser Chronicle
Edited by Friedrich Zorn, with the additions of Franz Berthold Flersheim. v. William
Arnold
<Library of literary association in Stuttgart XLIII.>, Stuttgart 1857 reprint Amsterdam
1969
P.24. See also Ingrid Heidrich. Bishops and their churches in Speyer, p.188 - 190,
supra:
21

Codex Diplomaticus Fuldensis, ed. v. Ernst Friedrich Johann Dronke. Reprint of Issue
1850,
Aalen 1962; (CF No.81).
22
See. Kriemhild to the documents in the Codex Laureshamensis, 3 vol. Ed. v. Karl
Hunchback,
Darmstadt 1933, no. 321, 636, 1464, 2748th
Page 20
20
majority fall into the reign of Charlemagne. The documentary
Finding is surprising: So Alberich example, in the song of the eunuchs of the Kings in
Nibelungenland, mentioned in the Codex of Fulda 30 times, 12 times in the Lorsch
Codex.
The name of the Marquis Eckewart is in Fulda records 34 times, in the
Lorsch certificates times called 38. Hagen (Hagino or Hagano), occurs in 29
Certificates to the monastery of Fulda and 7 certificates of Lorsch Abbey; his
Owned hotel is located near Worms. The name Dietrich takes the Codex of
Fulda the top position with 70 nominations, the 25 in the Lorsch Codex
correspond. Siegfried, partially urkundend than Graf, can be found in Fulda in
45facher, in Lorsch in 39facher nomination. Not so often, but earlier in time,
we meet Sigemunt, in the song of the father of Siegfried, in the certificates to: 15 times
Codex of Fulda, 11 times in the Lorsch Codex. Rdiger is 28 certificates for
Fulda and 33 represented for Lorsch. But even minor characters like Rumolt, Ramunc,
Ortwin, Ortliep, Nibelunc, Nntwin, Wolfhart, Witege, Wolfprant, Wolfwin,
Sigelint etc. can be found in the documents of the two monasteries.
23
The explanation makes sense that the poet of the Nibelungenlied his characters
deliberately provided with the name of the nobility of the time in Charles Wormser
room
has; he has the document material, the chronicles, annals and the
Refer literary works of the imperial monasteries.
23
Breuer / Breuer: With Spaeher speech (see n. 15), p. 21
Page 21
21
The poet and Worms
The choice of the historical Nibelungen clan and derived from it
Burgundy kings, to which finally the Salian and Hohenstaufen also include
could, as the epic figures demanded by the author of the Nibelungenlied
detailed insight into the history of Burgundy since Nibelung I and in the
Empire History of the Franks. The motive, Worms the scene of the action
to choose, however, seems not only by the frequent residence of
Burgundy kings Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI. due in Worms
be, but to surrender more of the person of the poet himself.
Not only the action, Appendix all manuscripts of the Nibelungenlied leads,
back to Worms. Worms already qualifies therefore as Nibelungen town,
that at the same time as the Nibelungenlied originated, a descendant of the Counts
Nibelung of Autun same name provost and treasurer of the

Worms cathedral was. This left a number of inscriptions on spell

Tapestries in the cathedral mount, whose texts in the Chronicon Wormatiense
have been handed down.
24
Updating the old Maeren prepared in the 12th century
therefore no difficulty because - as mentioned above - the Carolingian or
Nibelungen were the models for the rule in the Staufer period.
The poet of the Nibelungenlied was with the Nibelungen and the Carolingians
and their rich historical position of power in the closest relation. Users attended
him the manuscript of the history of Gregory of Tours (+ 594) and the Chronicle
the so-called Fredegar with the sequels of the Burgundian Count
Hildebrand and Nibelung (to the coronation of Charlemagne 768) in the monastery
Lorsch accessible.
25
Who can be eligible for the authorship in question?
Among the followers of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI. is the
Minstrel Bligger II of Steinach (Neckarsteinach), whose epic work -. The
'Umbehang' - highly praised by his contemporaries Gottfried von Strassburg and
Rudolf von Ems - has been missing
26
, Bligger of Steinach is the nephew of
Wormser bishop Konrad von Steinach, who headed the diocese from 1150 to 1171
and was responsible for the cathedral building.
27
Bliggers ancestors have the
24
See. The inscriptions of the city of Worms. Ed. Rdiger Fuchs (The German
inscriptions, ed. Vd
Academies of Sciences Dusseldorf, Gttingen, Heidelberg, Mainz, Munich and Austria
Academy of Sciences in Vienna. 29. Bd., Mainzer Series 2 Vol.), Wiesbaden 1991, p 21
f.
25
See. The Franks. Pioneer in Europe. Catalogue Vol. II, Mannheim / Mainz 1996, p 950
f.
26
See text Godfrey, S.
27
. See Gerold Bnnen, cathedral and city (see note 14), p. 14 ff - Andreas Urban
Friedmann:. The Diocese
from the Roman period to the high Middle Ages. In: The Bishopric of Worms. From
Roman times until the resolution
1801 ed. v. Friedhelm Jrgen Meier (contributions to Mainz church history, ed. v.
Friedhelm
Page 22
22
Mitvollzogen rise of the historical Nibelungen as Bligger of
Steinach the kingdom of Burgundy kings.
28
Bligger II. Of Steinach, a noble lord of the Middle Ages in the Neckar valley,

was already in his lifetime his contemporaries as the ideal figure

high medieval chivalry.
This reputation owed Bligger three special characteristics:
Politically, he was the ruling dynasty of the Staufer close so that he in
several documents of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and in many testimonies
by his son, Emperor Henry VI. was named personally; this was completely
uncommon for followers, adorned no earldom and not the
high clergy belonged. Like his friend Friedrich von Hausen
Bligger was introduced in the imperial court of the Staufer personally and had therefore
direct contacts with the spiritual and clear dignitaries of the empire.
Bliggers influence on the farm grew after the death of Frederick Barbarossa and
the accession of his son, Henry VI. considerably, he
signed the imperial charters together with the Counts of Leiningen, of
Jrgen Meier, 5 vol.), Pp 13-43, here p 35 ff.
28
The attempt by the lawyers Peter Honegger, to identify Bligger as Nibelungenlied Poets
(Peter
Honegger: Bligger of Steinach as a writer and Rudolf von Montfort as an arranger of
the Nibelungenlied . In: "Waz
sider as geschach ". American-German Studies on the Song of the Nibelungs. Text and
Reception. Ed. by Werner
Wunderlich and Ulrich Mller. Gppingen 1992 <GAG, no. 564>, pp 9-54), could all
too easily by
his critics Werner Hoffmann: Bligger of Steinach as a poet of the Nibelungenlied? For
Peter Honegger
new thesis . In: Journal of German Studies 112 (1993), pp 434-441, as a "product of
Dilettantism be dismissed in pejorative sense of the word. " The Bermerkung: "There is
no question that
Honegger well versed in the historical evidence on the Steinacher ", identifies the
Helplessness of the reviewers in assessing the certificate location. The same
uncertainties that
the non-historian Honegger to speculation, for example, the possible authorship
Bliggers III. from
Harfenbergstrasse leaves, enticing, has Uwe Mewes: Documentary evidences of
Minstrels in the 12th century on
Example Bliggers of Steinach . In: Literary interest education in the Middle Ages. Ed.
By. Joachim Heinzles.
Stuttgart 1993 (= Germanistische symposia, Report Volume 14), p 75-105; largely
dispelled, his
"Historical" approach to capture the certifications of the poet in Regestenform but lacks
essential
ultimate consequence of the assignment of the certificate ends groups. - The suspect in
Bligger of
Steinach to see the author of the Nibelungenlied, condenses a certainty if we
Consider occurrence of his ancestors in the Association of historical Nibelungen. It
allows us the
unusual name with his tone level, the family in the context of their family
trace. Still Lorscher certificate of 951 shows the shape Blitger and corresponds herewith
the

According to the usual level of about 150 years older than deeds in favor of Fulda. By
contrast, offers one of the
oldest document of 771 the volume level Durchblicker or Bliker , for 773 states Blicger
; recorded for 805
the Lorsch codex similar for the oldest documents Blicger or Durchblicker . The version
Bligger
Finally, the author uses the Lorsch Chronicle when he the deed of gift from the year
1165
lists in which the entire clan urkundet affected by the change in ownership. The naming
of Bligger
or Durchblicker derives therefore not of Blic = shine, flash, but on Blide = joy, and the
Second Omen ger .
Page 23
23
Hohenberg, of Zweibrcken, the Burgrave of Nuremberg, the Counts of
Castle and the influential Reichsministerialen as the lords of Bolanden.
Father Bligger I. is considered the founder of the later palatine monastery Schnau
his brother Konrad, Bliggers uncle had, for 21 years (1150-1171) the
Wormser held Episcopate.
From his dynastic ago Bligger II appears. Also as a knight without blemish
He was high and blame-free birth, a so-called Homo liber , and difference
is hereby by the so-called ministerials, and the church
Empire Service were. This freedom was after the High Middle Ages from birth
where she was by the princes, the earls, dukes and kings
accepted and based on ancient family rights that partly to the time
Charlemagne and his ancestors go back. The exercise of these
Of course freedom as a knight at the imperial court also demanded a corresponding
Owned equipment and the Owner World Burg rights, on the Bligger II. And his
Who has ancestors.
The third quality Bliggers II., However, was in a time when there of to the expansion
Staufer world domination went that ended in ruin, his literary fame.
Besides the three poems that have come down to us in the "Manesse", has Bligger II.
written a great epic, the contemporary poet Gottfried von Strassburg
and Rudolf von Ems has caused admiration. Gottfried thinks that Bligger
on the poet Olymp next Hartmann von Aue and Heinrich von Veldeke
must stand, because in his " Umbehang "on a linguistic and conceptual
Way amazement value bar. A " Umbehang "is in the High Middle Ages
Tapestry, such as the famous Bayeux Tapestry, which at 70 meters
Length the conquest of England by the Normans is artfully. Bligger
was therefore the author of such a picture book, divided into Aventiuren which itself
the historical events dedicated, and as Rudolf von Ems in
his expressed Alexanderroman (V. 3205-3218), all the poets in the world
could no longer accomplish.
However, so far Bliggers was epic work, the " Umbehanc ", thought to be lost; only
Minstrel was observed Bligger, although those three poems in the
Manessischen handwriting less the minstrelsy as the political
Belong Spruchdichtung.
All three surviving Bligger texts deal in a kind of philosophical
Discussion with chivalrous and courtly positions of the nobility, with the virtues

and vices. In the first poem min old swaere it comes to envy ( the halides )
asks saved from Bligger and his stand. The second song is
the beauty of the Rhine, the beautiful b the Rine addressed, where he - Bligger unfortunately can not bore and which is so dear to him as the city of Damascus the
pagan Sultan Saladin, the most important and successful opponent of
Crusaders was: 1174, the year of death of King Amalric I of Jerusalem,
Page 24
24
Saladin occupied Damascus.
29
The name Amalric used in Hagen
Nibelungenlied on the advice of the mermaids on the Danube to the ferryman to
Crossing entice (B 1545, 1549). The third traditional song Bliggers
acts of the political hardening that the staete risk than domination virtue.
Bligger announced a political objective that the for statement
Nibelungen doom fits: Anyone who follows a good target without mercy and
It is shameless, the inserts the hardness very fast great harm and eternal
Shame about ( Swer ne milte guote s pfligt and there b ne schame, the wirfet si
(hardness) in vil
swinder art in damage and in an eternal vicious ). The milte as a virtue of the ruling
class
required by Bligger, but no longer found in the court system; they
is through the herte replaced, which leads to eternal condemnation. Bliggers political
Spruchdichtung thus unfolds a program that the ruling class in the form
to bind a requirement catalog in the virtues tries a claim
In the Middle Ages only on the basis of equality of origin precisely with
those in power could be provided. Thus seems Bliggers third text the
Contents of the Nibelungenlied to interpret and critically to illuminate, because the
Song literary figures appear with a few exceptions such as Rdiger or
Rumolt on the implementation of these hardness ( Hertel) programmed especially
Hagen and
Volker, but even before Siegfried and mistresses ( frouwen) the Court,
Kriemhild and Brunhild later.
Since his great epic is lost, has the honorary citizen of the idyllic
Town Neckarsteinach, Bligger II., As a politician and poet in the
Public of the 20th century has received little attention and only in its
Time been the cult figure of a knight. The Hinterburg as a "family seat" of
Steinacher is a popular destination of many guests that the
Four castle town especially in summer like to by boat, train or car
Heidelberg visit. The Knight Aura continues, because apart from the castles
frequently visited the guest the late Gothic Protestant church with charming
Grave painting, for example, that of the country malicious Ulrich V. of Steinach, who
after his death
1369 well supported and fiercely alive on his sword, beside the
David Kopf, before the Steinacher harp emblem, the visitor
Wehrhaftigkeit his family announced.
The triple quality of the nobles to be highly noble descent, as a knight on
to have great political influence and as a poet, the courtly world
impress, justifies the delightful task, the family Bliggers II. and their

Take a closer look at ancestors. Even Emperor Henry VI. was

Poet, and his songs are recorded in the Manesse. The advantages and
Descendants of the emperor has opened up the history, its
literary work is more mentioned in passing, although the royal
Attention to the seal on the farm just is so fascinating, because here the
29
H. Eberhard Mayer: History of the Crusades, S. 114th
Page 25
25
Feature poetic civilization with the power politics of the Staufer dynasty
mated.
The political significance of Bliggers Steinach at the end of 12th century
Of course you can not compare with the ruling dynasties, they must
but not be underestimated, because the supreme lord were the claim
also detects the literature as their vassals. Conversely, just the
poetic activity impressed the royal courts, as exemplified at work
Walters is visible from the Vogelweide whose origin we do not to this day
know whose political seal us but the dispute over the well-being
the empire impressively presented.
Bligger of Steinach had better conditions than Walther: His
most important work, the " Umbehang seems "highly praised by his contemporaries,
Although at first glance not known. But the origin and meaning
his family in the Worms area are relatively well documented in records; already the
rare unusual name Irritating to investigate where this family of
higher nobility because actually comes from and how it to be the major influence on
Wormser bishopric and the Staufer royal court arrived. In our case
actually it pays to do some genealogical research because
Peculiarity of the name and the political groups to the
Our ancestors Bliggers far lead us back to the Franconian history.
Such a review can not of course in the way the present-day
Genealogy take place, the birth and death date with first and last name
presupposes, but we must be content with the Association of the extended family,
whose members are named Bligger in this or related case,
since last name or nickname are the exception before 1200. Nevertheless shows
the genealogy in the event of our Knight Bligger of Steinach as
surprisingly productive, because it us on the trail of the enigmatic epic,
" Umbehangs "leads, which brought the poet of his time to marvel.
Page 26
26
III. The strange name Bligger and its variations in the levels of five
Centuries
The traditional in chronicles and documents According to state the name Bligger are
important information to clarify the origin of Bliggers Steinach as carrier
this name closely linked to the Empire monasteries Lorsch and Fulda
stood and in a number of different of old documents as Schenker or
Signatories are called. The spelling of the name is different in
Variations from each other.
A document of the monastery Lorsch from 951 shows the shape Blitger and fits

hereby the most common spelling, as earlier in the 150 year

was issued certificates of the monastery of Fulda in use. One of the oldest
Certificates of 771, however, provides the sound level Durchblicker or Bliker , in 773
says Blicger ; 805 records of Lorsch codex similar for the oldest
Records the name variant Blicger or Durchblicker . The letters Bligger
Finally, the author uses the Lorsch Chronicle
30
When he the
Deed of gift from the year 1165 quoted in the whole of
Bills receivable affected clan uncertificated. The naming of " Bligger "or
" Sighted "is thus a slurring of Blidger and derives not from " Blic "=
Shine, flash off, but by " trebuchet "= joy.
31
Probably the earliest surviving Us
Form of the name is Blidegarius , a high aristocratic judges of this name
693 lived in the Merovingian court.
32
The abundance of orthographic variants of the same name is to
Frstemann
33
to order by the voice trunks. It refers the second
Root syllable of Bligger name on the trunk " even ", the word has the meaning
" armor ". The 693-called name -Blide Garius has roughly an equivalent in
Name Frede-Garius , but also on behalf of Garo-Man or Garo-Wart . The
Root syllable Gar has then in Middle High German to Ger changed as
the development Gerbertus from Garbertus exemplifies.
34
The so
familiar names as Gerhard and Gerold are on the old root syllable Gar
due.
30
CL 158th
31
The derivation of Walther Mller and Karl Krauss: Neckarsteinach, his masters, the city
and the
Castles, p.7; turns out to be too daring: "Blicger, Bligger probably means of flashing or
flashing device, the Lightning Spear. "
32
MG. DD. reg. Franc. e stirpe Merow. ed. by K. Pertz ,, No.66 / P.58.
33
E. Frstemann: Altdeutsches name book (Vol I, personal names.)
34
See. The names register in the Regesta Alsatiae I, S.477 f.
Page 27
27
The use of these two stem syllables of the name Bligger , same Blide and
even referenced on behalf system Merovingian to the naming of
Noble families, the paternal their descendants both the family name
and maternal wanted to come.

The investigation of the sound level of the Bligger -Namens, composed of Blidegarius
has developed, however, should still
more Leitnamenentsprechungen in
Include Wormser space to capture the United Federation of Family: So
have personalities with the name Bliddrut, Pliddrut, Blidhrut, Blihrud or
Blidgart or Blidhilt, Blidilo (Bldel) Bliding, Blidman, Blidmot, Blidolf, Blidrat,
Blidvar,
Blidwin .
35
That in the Worms area as Schenker or its co-signatories in
Text of the Fulda and Lorsch shall be mentioned secure
kinship with one another or a common ancestor. The
Lorsch codex complements those names group still with Bilifried, Biligart, Bilihilt,
Bilitrud .
36
Finally, yet another variant name is in this group of people
included, although it differs at first sound, namely the name
" Plectrude ". A deed of Ardrad , son of Plectrude favor of
Burgundian monastery Flavigny from the year 878 is of Blitgerius
signed.
37
The looming here kinship, closed from the
Name relationship within the same document, takes us back to the wife
Carolingian Pippin the Middle named Plektrude that of the beginning
8th century was famous for its promotion of the monastery Echternach.
Plektrude, latin Plectrudis , signed the deed of donation of 714
the name variant Blittrudis and is continuous as in the text of the act
Blittrudis referred
38
,
Bliggers name and his noble free status thus provide information about the ancestors.
We are dealing with the historians known phenomenon that the
Nachbenennungen - regardless of different spellings - the structures
are the families visible with other families of the Carolingian
Adel Association spread the pippinidischen or Carolingian domination
have operated. Access to the Carolingian rule areas in Europe
related tasks of the royal family related families in the new
occupied or vacant spaces. Only the members of the Carolingian
Aristocracy were in the 8th and 9th centuries capable of comprehensive
35
CF, Register, p. 8
36
LC German, Vol. VI, S. 22nd
37
Cart. Flav. No.24 / S.73-75.
38
MG. DD. reg. Franc. e stirpe Merow. ed. by K. Pertz, No.6 / p.95 fv2.3.714.
Page 28
28

Land donations to the imperial monasteries as Fulda and Lorsch to notarize

leave. Bliggers ancestors lined up already a century earlier in the policy
the Carolingian monastery foundations, but are also in product awards
favor Lorsch and Fulda instrumental.
They thus were paternal and maternal to Carolingian
Imperial aristocracy. A look at the deeds of gift in favor of
Empire monasteries Fulda and Lorsch is rewarding and opens up further prospects: In
is a document of Alberich in favor of the monastery of Fulda in the year 803
a Bligger ( Blidger ) in the list of witnesses,
39
just as in another of 807, in
the also Hagen ( Hagining ) before Bligger ( Blidger appear in the list of witnesses).
40
Bligger ( Blidger ) also signed a certificate without date, in an estate of
Dienheim (at Oppenheim) is left to the monastery of Fulda.
41
819 he testifies
the donation of a Gertrude favor Fulda: The name Bligger ( Blidger) is
behind the two ends certificate Folcmar and Amalric .
42
Finally signed
Bligger ( Blidger ) 824 before Dietrich ( Theoderic ) and Herrat ( Herirat ) the donation
a commodity by Dieter ( Theotger ).
43
In Lorsch codex of Leitname Bligger becomes even clearer for different
Time levels comprehensible. The oldest deed, the " donatio Blikeri "favor
of Lorsch Abbey dates back to 771st
44
Two years later, 773 confirmed
Berolf the donation in Speyergau for the salvation of his uncle Bligger
( Blicger ). A descendant of this Bligger signed at the time of Conrad the Red This is the son of Otto the Great, of the 955 Lechfeld against
Hungary has fallen and was buried in the Worms Cathedral - in the county
in 951 the donation of a Adalhard in " Sahsenheim ".
45
That Bligger ( Blitger )
recalls the almost 200 years younger deed of Bishop Gunther von Speyer,
concerning goods in Hausen and Michelbuch (Odenwald), the " Liberi ", the
High outdoor Ernst von Sachsenheim ( Ernest of Sahsenheim ) and his brother
Bligger of Steinach ( Bliggerus de Steinahe ) signed.
46
The ancestors of the
Edelfreien family Bliggers - in documents until the time of Charlemagne
trace - had in the area of today Ltzelsachsen,
39
CF no. 214 / P.113.
40
CF no. 243 / p.125 f.
41
CF no. 328 / S.160.

42
CF no. 379 / p.171 f.
43
CF no. 428 / p.191.
44
LC 2734th
45
LC 428th
46
SpUB I, 89 / p.98 f.
Page 29
29
Grosachsen or Hohensachsen on the mountain road possessions and were
For this reason alone the Lorsch Abbey very close.
The image of the document situation demands an explanation, why the family unit
the ancestors of Bliggers Steinach has been able to so fully in the
Donations for each other distant imperial monasteries and Lorsch
Fulda to participate. The space required extensive land holdings had in
Spread the Carolingian domination have been so acquired only once.
This raises the question of the position of the family in the nobility of the Association
Carolingian, the Ottos, including the Salian and Hohenstaufen. The above
called oldest document with the entry of Bligger ( Blidegarius ) in
Assize of the year 693 is a first indication that the family in
the emerging royal power to Association of Pippinids was involved and
has mitbesetzt in the 8th century by the Metz area from the Wormsgau at least.
Page 30
30
Page 31
31
V. Bliggers ancestors in the imperial service of Charlemagne
According to their origin from the Carolingian nobility members joined the
Bligger family in the 8th and 9th century in major political functions
in favor of the Carolingian dynasty. Also applies to this family unit
as for others who were at the time of the Carolingian rule in the second row that
the individual description of the family history in terms of genealogy
the basis of documents and chronicles is impossible. Nevertheless, the
Family Association Bligger and their relatives can be detected:
On the one hand allows the Frankish kingdom church policy under Charlemagne
and his successors, on the basis of documents and the chronicles of
To appoint Reich monasteries the imperial nobility, stands out for its donations eg
identified by name in the monasteries Fulda or Lorsch as landowners.
The Frankish expansion and the church policy related, the
Bligger family from the very beginning supported. Had started with this program
the wife of Pippin the Middle Plectrude or Blittrudis by
Donations to the monastery Echternach or at Monastery Susteren on the Meuse
in favor of the reformer Willibrord

47
,
Similarly, the family supported the 8th century, the facilities of the
Klosters Weienburg in Alsace
48
, Even more comprehensively they participated in the
Foundations of the noble families in favor of the monastery Gorze near Metz, in
Murbach
Alsace, Lorsch near Worms and Fulda in Hesse. It can be more
Set goods Complex, from which the donations of family branches
could take place. Thus the will of Bligger points ( Blitcharius ) in favor of
Gorze monastery from the year 769 to the county Verdun, in which the goods
Family in brewing Ville ( Berulfi villas were)
49
; in the same county Verdun
mediating a donation of Bligger ( Blitharius ), the not with the
is above the same, the place Maizeray concerning.
50
From the ownership structure
and the donation goal here we have the two Bligger but at the same
To include extended family.
These family donations is not so much the ownership structure, but rather the
exposed position of ancestors Bliggers the contribution for the establishment Koster
significant under Chrodegang of Metz. Chrodegang, already 741 trainee Karl
Martel, 742 bishop of Metz, 753 Messenger Pippin III. to Pope Stephen II, 754
47
MG. DD. reg. Franc. e stirpe Merow. ed. by K. Pertz, No.3 / p.92 FV 20.1.702; No. 4 /
S.93 FV
13.5.706; . No. 5 / P.94 FV 13.5.706; No.6 / p.95 FV 2.3.714.
48
At 718 Doll, Trad. Wiz. 227 / S.454; to 766 Doll, Trad. Wiz. 103 / S.308 f.
49
UB Gorze 18 / S.42.
50
UB Gorze 16 / S.38.
Page 32
32
as the successor of St. Boniface Archbishop and Metropolitan of Austrasia, was one
the most influential personalities in the narrow court. His foundation of
Gorze 749 and the establishment of Lorsch 765 are its main power for
securing the rule of the Carolingian and the surrounding families.
Monks from Gorze populated Lorsch, the wealthy in the Metz area
Noble families also act as Schenker for Lorsch.
Just one year after the founding Blidhild and Gauzrot goods so sold in
Monsheim or Monzernheim to Lorsch
51
, 767 gives Blifrid Good in Glatt Home
to Lorsch
52

, 769 give Rudwin and his wife Plihtrud goods in Reilsheim

Heidelberg at Lorsch.
53
This is followed by Blidolf with a donation in Saulheim in
Year 771
54
, The same year Bligger with Good in Untereisesheim in Neckarsulm
55
, Plidroch
and his wife also Blitrud goods in Neckarsulm
56
and finally 773
Berolf with a donation in Bchingen bei Landau in Speyergau to salvation
his uncle Bligger ( Blicger ).
57
This last gift is particularly
interesting because the context of the Testament above Bliggers
( Blicharii ) in brewing Ville, the villa Berulfi , in favor of the monastery Gorze is clear.
Berulf belonged to Bliggers family unit; the place word of Gorze donation
arises ago by the ancestors; He is also well off as in Speyergau,
like other members of the extended family in Bligger Wormsgau. The origin of these
Noble family from the area Verdun - Metz confirmed again.
Among the early donations in favor of the monastery Lorsch are here
two other named initially by the goods in Odenheim in Kraichgau
Volker and his wife Blidhild in 776
58
, Three years later, shows the
Father of Charlemagne, Count Gerold, in favor by a gift
of Lorsch in that place Odenheim that by his side
Have passed family relations with the Bliggersippe.
59
If one includes the large
Donation Gerold and his wife Emma in favor of the Lorsch monastery on
1.7.784, goods in Eich, Mettenheim and Osthofen near Worms, in Bergheim
51
LC 1087th
52
LC 3282nd
53
LC 2588th
54
LC No 1510.
55
LC 2734th
56
LC of 2009.
57
LC 2121st
58
LC 2229th

59
LC 2310th
Page 33
33
Heidelberg, Planck city and from villages in Sickingen and Bruchsal
concerning, with a
60
, Then shows how systematically the kingdom monastery from the
Family associations was supported around Charlemagne.
With the donation of the Bligger ( Blicger ) and his wife Wolfenburg of goods in
Dorfelden (in Bad Vilbel)
61
confirmed that the shares owned by the
Extended family of Bliggers ancestors with whom they brought in Lorsch,
have mainly located in the Main-Rhein-Neckar area. Here, however, the
Position of the family in no way abandoned in Metzer space as later
Documents show the benefit of Gorze.
62
The relations of Bligger family to the Abbey of Fulda, by Boniface at
12.3.744 founded, developed relatively late and not as intense as the
Reichsabtei Lorsch. Two donations of the year 771 and 773 of goods in
Pfeddersheim and Roxheim in Worms also signed Blidtrut, in the second
Case as the wife of Rotbold (probably Ratbold).
63
This, however, remain the two
single donations before achieving the immunity of the abbey opposite the
Archbishop Lul of Mainz (754-786). After attainment of the status of
Reich monastery, from which the Carolingian since 777 operated the Saxons mission
are the donations of Bligger extended family frequently: Biligart and her son
donated goods in Heppenheim an der Wiese and in Mainz at the monastery
Fulda
64
, In the year 800 gave Consecrated Blidtrud goods in Uelversheim on
this monastery.
65
In subsequent years, 803-824, witnessed a Bligger ( Blidger )
Donations his relatives in Boppard, Neidlingen, Dienheim, Rosdorf
and close to the monastery of Fulda.
66
Apparently the family had in the room
to Fulda itself little possession legal backing.
The family unit is the name Bligger has thus massively in the expansion of
Monasteries Gorze and Lorsch involved and thus the rule of the first fuse
Carolingian kings supported. Within the realm of church program
Archbishop Chrodegang and his brother Gundeland - Abt in Gorze and Lorsch
- We experience the Bligger family as a support of the Carolingian ambitions. Less
60
LC 1880th
61

LC 3014/3766.
62
See. UB Gorze, 50 / p.90, 51 / p.90 (848), 57 / p.101 f. (856), 58 / p.103 (857) and 85 /
p.154 (898).
63
UB Fulda, Stengel, 55 / p.90 et seq. And 63 / p.110 f.
64
UB Fulda, stalk, 215 / p.315 f. And 89 / p.164 f., The latter deed of 779th
65
UB Fulda, stalk, 263 / S.371 f.
66
CF 214 / P.113, 243 / p.125 f., 328 / p.160, 379 / p.171 f., 428 / p.191.
Page 34
34
clearly, but also visible, this is in the Alsatian abbeys
Weienburg and Murbach and the expansion of the imperial abbey of Fulda. The
possession comprehensive legal resources in the area of the county Verdun
and Meuse and the Moselle and the Rhine-Main-Neckar region abundant
were made this extensive foundations.
VI. The political tasks of Bligger family after the time of Charlemagne
Great
The period after the founding of the imperial monasteries in the course of the expansion
of
Is Carolingian in Saxony, Thuringia, Bavaria, in the Ostmark and in Italy
Certificate poorer than the time of the great gifts of the Carolingian
Clan association. On the other hand, it can be expected that the most important
Noble families of the Carolingian domination association least sporadically
must be recorded on the basis of documents and chronicles. But this case proves
just now the incipient regionalization of Burkundungen and
Historiography as an obstacle, the Carolingian contrary to the
Method is, members of his own family United Association throughout Europe
use to secure the rule.
The members of Bligger extended family can be found, of course, even in the rare
becoming instruments of abbeys Gorze Lorsch and as a signatory of
Gift or purchase records.
67
But their political function can also be
gather outside: So Bligger occurred ( Blitgarius ) as Vicomte ( vicecomes ) and judges
under Count Dietrich ( Thierry = Theodoric ) of Autun in 817 in
Phenomenon, when it came, some Maurin again the Service
Hildebrand II., To insinuate the son of Count Nibelung.
68
First
it seems very surprising Bligger ( Blidgarius ) in Burgundy in a
be found similar function, such as more than 100 years earlier on his ancestors
Merowingerhof. But this can easily with the political conception of
Carolingian court explain the rule in all areas by Reich
royal messengers ( missi ) to control whose interests sometimes - as here by
Bligger ( Blitgarius ) - of a Viscount ( vicecomes were perceived).

69
The
Position of Bligger ( Blitgarius ) in Autun as chairman of the court has him as
Co-owner of the power structure of the family of the historical Nibelungen from whose
Connections to the royal court were outstanding on the one hand, the other hand,
after the death of Charlemagne relatively quickly in the space to Burgundy
Detach began, eventually leading to the death of Charles the Bald to
67
At Gorze. UB Gorze 50 and 51 / p.90 (848), 57 / p.101 f (856), 58 / p.103 (857), 85 /
p.154 (898)
87 / S.157-159 (910), 90 / S.164-167 (914), etc .; to Lorsch LC 1733 (833), LC 428
(951).
68
See Francois Louis Ganshof. Charlemagne et les intitutions de la monarchy Franque,
p.378. He refers
to Prou et Vidier: Recueil des Chartes de Saint-Benot-sur-Loire 1, No. XI..
69
Ibid.
Page 35
35
Forming a plurality of partial kingdoms in Burgundy led.
The space around Autun in Burgundy remained a possession of gravity of Bligger
family.
This is a document dated 2.2.878, by Plektrude ( Plectrudis) together
with her son Grislaud goods Avallonnais, Attuyer and Auxois to the monastery
Flavigny gave. The certificate proves, moreover, the relationship of
Plektrude and Bligger as part of a large family, because it was also of
Bligger ( Blitgerius ) signed.
70
The high political importance of representatives of Bliggerfamilie is again
significantly, as 863 a Bligger ( Blitgarius ) as an envoy to Louis the German
Charles the Bald was traveling to there on the treatment of Ludwig's son
Karlmann negotiate.
71
The contents of the discussions relating to Louis
Son Charles man whose recording can be prevented at the court of Charles the Bald
is, therefore, a highly political and familial concerns of Louis the German.
The task for Bligger ( Blitgarius ) is the most trusted by the
East Frankish king forward, it requires the messenger ( missus ) In addition,
appropriate sensitivity towards Karl from, and - this issue has been
probably seen previously little - the mission constitutes the Doppelsprachigkeit
Negotiator ahead. It seems important in this case that the Ambassador
Louis was adopted by Karl, so that Charles the Bald followed the Mission
appears to be. This impression corresponds to the generally accepted
Appearance of the messengers ( missi ), the aristocratic as members of far-reaching
royal clan, as viri inlustri , are classified.
72
70
Cart. Flav. No.24 / p.73 ff.

71
The text in the Annales Bertiniani is: Sed alium Missum fratris sui Hludwici nomine
Blitgarium accipit,
petentem, ut Karlomannum, filium eius, a Restitio Winido desertum et a se fugatum, si
ad illum venerit, non recipiat.
(Sources Carolingian Reichsgesch. 2.T., p.118.
72
See Francois Louis Ganshof. Charlemagne, S.355 ff.
Page 36
36
VI. The Reichenauer fraternization book of 830: mirror of European
Power of Bligger clan
The importance of Bligger extended family in the Frankish nobility Association shows
in
the records and chronicles of the low density of the certificates only
punctually, however, in a prominent position.
Another insight into the involvement of our family in the Frankish
Adel Association provides the name of the material fraternization book the Abbey
Reichenau, which - written by 825 - a documentation of the European
Represents dimension of the Carolingian church and imperial politics.
73
The writer
have here the monk lists of more than 50 monasteries detected by
Prayer brotherhoods were interconnected. This includes the
already mentioned monasteries Gorze, Fulda, Lorsch, White Castle and Murbach, the
Monks of St. Germain-des-Prs and St. Denis are well known as the
the Burgundian Abbey Flavigny, the Italian abbey Nonantola or the
Ostmark upstream monasteries Altaich, Mondsee, Salzburg.
In a separate heading, the benefactor of the monastery Reichenau
recorded, on the one hand to the live 825, on the other hand, the already
Deceased.
The option of using the brotherhood books the entire Carolingian
To imperial nobility, can capture both the spiritual and the secular,
is marred by the method of Schreiber, usually just simple
Names in the classification section - monk name, died or alive, patrons,
died or alive - insert, but not the only and Schenkungsgut
limits the function titles, eg King Graf, bishop or abbot. Likewise absent
largely dates.
Nevertheless, allow fraternization books here that von Reichenau, a
comprehensive statement about the distribution of the noble family associations and
their
Activities in favor of European monasteries. It takes the BliggerExtended family a very significant Positon throughout Europe, which in their present
the monk lists proves. Name of Bligger family are for the monasteries
Farense, Reichenau, St. Gallen, Mustair / Taufers, Leno, Altaich, Mattsee,
Feuchtwangen, Fulda, Manglieu, Kempten, Murbach, White Castle,
Ettenheimmnster, Schuttern, Gengenbach, Schwarzach, Lorsch, Mnster
Greg Oriental, Haslach, Suraburg, Gorze, Rebais, St.Faron-de-Meaux, St.Germaindes-Prs, St.Bibiano, Maursmnster and Hornbach listed. This applies in

Similarly, for other noble families, but clearly shows that within
a prayer brotherhood of European sphere of influence of the Carolingian
73
The brotherhood of the book Reichenau Abbey, supra
Page 37
37
Nobility clans to 825 is visible; thereby interpret the current additions to the
Books on a continuous communication between these monasteries
out together by the cohesion of the family associations
corresponded.
The number of citations of Bligger Family in the monk lists of
Reichenauer fraternization book raise the abbeys Fulda (6 times
Nomination) and St. Germain-des-Prs (8 times mentioning) and especially out
suggest a very intense relationship with these monasteries. For the
the first case - Fulda - is explained by the participation of the family at the
Carolingian Saxony mission under by Boniface of Fulda from Charlemagne
Great was operated intensively. The relationship with St. Germain-des-Prs is
particularly
Apparently older and can probably be explained from the connection between
Autun and Paris, which had been given by the founder of the monastery, because
Bishop Germanus of Paris, born in Autun, was the 28.5.576 later in the
buried by him named Church. The church with the original name
Sainte-Croix-et-Saint-Vincent was a necropolis of the Merovingian and took the
Majority of the tombs of the kings of Neustria and a large number of their
Relatives. "So it testify to the written sources: Childebert I (+584) and
no doubt his wife Ulthrogoto, Chilperic I., his wife Fredegunde (+ 618/619)
and two, if not three of her sons (Clovis, Merowech and perhaps
Theuderich), Clotaire II. (+ 629) and his wife Berthetrude, Childeric II. (+
675), and her son Bilichilde Dagobert. "
74
The Merovingian king Childeric II and his wife were in the fall Bilichilde
675 along with her five year old son Dagobert by
Murdered conspirators and then of Audoin from Rouen to Paris
transferred and was buried in St. Germain-des-Prs.
75
To
Conspirators included a certain Count Amalbert, supporters of
hostile Neustrian domo Ebroins, either of the same family
listened to or even identical to the Amalbert that before in February 693
Court of Clovis III. was accused of illegally the genotype of a
Orphans appropriated to have. This document is the court of occupation,
the process her very informative.
76
Under the heading of the chief ( optimates )
can be found after the confidant of Pippin II. and guardian North Bert also Bligger
( Blidgarius ) as vir inluster than nobility to. Called continues as Senne Schalk
the father of Pepin and father of Bert Plektrude Hugo. The legal process
is presented simply: Amalbert did not appear in court, he was represented
by his son Amalric, but this was by the court for lack of

74
Patrick Prin: The tombs of the Merovingian kings in Paris, S. 418th
75
Eugen Ewig: The Merovingian and Frankish Empire, p.165 f.
76
MG. DD. reg. Franc. e stirpe Merow., No.66 / p.58 FV 28.2.693.
Page 38
38
rejected appropriate authority, so that the process in favor of the
Orphans and North Bert decided Amalbert and imposed a fine. The
Process is thus as a means of takeover and the elimination of the
Pippinids understand hostile nobility clans whose resistance
Pippin after his glorious victory of Tetry-sur-Somme 687 on Neustrians
court knew how to break.
77
If we 794 the donation of Theodrade and her son Blitrich favor
place of St.Germain-des-Prs in Urkundenbuch the Abbey, then done
this in the historical context that the Abbey of the tomb
royal ancestor hosts. Three years ago this donation had the
Messengers ( missi ) of Charlemagne and Acbert Godebert against Count Autbert
decided that the Villa Marolles in the region Melun who previously Count
Hildebrand and his son had heard Nibelung, now the monastery
St.Germain des Prs under Abbot Ratbert entitled.
78
In November 786
had Charlemagne these goods in Worms the monastery St. Germain-des-Prs
awarded.
The importance of the monastery St. Germain-des-Prs for Bligger family has
thus arise from the tradition of royal ancestors; the participation of
Family members will also appear on the monk society in the 9th century
therefore quite plausible.
Before we in the peculiar combination of Bligger family
Nibelung family in the Frankish nobility Association can enter, are in addition
the monk lists of European monasteries of the 9th century the
Lists of both living and deceased benefactors of the monastery Reichenau
consulted. Again, the Bliggerfamilie is represented in many variations.
In the list of the deceased benefactors of the monastery of Blid name as Bliker ,
Blidgard , Blidmut , Piligart etc. Times called 32, in the list of surviving
Benefactors no less than 18 times, for a total of similar frequency to the name Alberich
or Wolfhart.
The Bligger family is therefore fully involved in the facilities of the monastery
been. To 825 it is one of the important noble families, both at headquarters
the Frankish Empire Paris and here in the Lake Constance region, in the well a
Century before the missionary Pirmin, coming from the south of France, Monastery
Reichenau justified (724).
Here, too, a relationship with the historical Nibelungen results on the one hand and
the name of the Nibelungenlied figures on the other. In addition to the monk lists
77
See Patrick J. Geary:. The Merovingian, p.197 f.

78
Recueil des Chartes de Saint-Germain-des-Prs, XXII, p.35.
Page 39
39
give especially the lists of surviving and the deceased
Sponsor of the monastery Reichenau comprehensive - one is tempted to say:
almost complete insight into the Frankish Empire nobility, at first glance the
in the collection lacks a clear structure appears. Although be royal, Kniginnenand called earldom, but otherwise appears the order of
Name list randomly. Yet it is precisely these names sequence, by addition
Insertions is made even more complicated, makes it clear that for more
Differentiations and supplements there was no need. It was
in accordance with the recognition procedures the Hildebrandslied for identity
noble people formulated:
IBU you mi Enan sages, ik de mi odre uuet,
chind, in chunincriche: Chud is irmindeot me al.
79
If you tell me one, I know the other,
Child in the kingdom to me everyone is known.
The name thus range from the deceased and the surviving benefactors
the monastery Reichenau to identify and group. The Leitnamensystem
makes it possible to identify the family, who came from the founders.
Now at the aristocratic donors in favor of the monastery Reichenau is not only the
very common nomination and participation of Bligger family conspicuous;
simultaneously
it must be acknowledged that 42 of the 65 names that are mentioned in the
Nibelungenlied,
with the deceased and are recorded in the surviving patrons, and
Although for the most part in several or multiple entries. For example, is the name
Alberich in the list of deceased patrons 27, in the list of still
living times called 11, Dietrich, sometimes as Count ( Comes specified), appears in the
Death list 11 times, with the living donors 9 times, Gunther in the dead
18 times in the living 10 times. The list goes on for Rdiger, Volker Walther,
Wolfhart among others continue accordingly.
Unique
Result
this
Observation
the
Method
of
Nibelungenlied poet, their name of nobility to 825/830 for
to use his poetry and to the mentioned gender
to play by redesigned their representatives to acting characters of the epic.
The possible criticism, the Nibelungenlied -name presented only a selection of the
Reichenauer fraternization book mentioned is patron name, is a
simply invalidated statement: The patrons list contains the only Reichenau
Closed written document other than the Nibelungenlied the name group
Alberich, Amelrich, Amelunc, Astolt, Brnhilt, Dancrat, Dancwart, Dietrich,

Drinc, Gernot, Eckewart, Gere, Giselher, Gotelint, Gunther, Hadeburc, Hagen,

Helphrich, Herrat, Hildebrand, Hiltegunt, Hunolt, Irinc, Kriemhilt, Liudgast,
79
The Hildebrandslied, Althochdeutsches reading book, p.84.
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40
Liudger, Nibelunc, Pilgrim, Ritschart, Riiedeger, Sifrid, Sigemunt, Uote, Volker,
Walther, Witege, Wolfhart, Wolfprant, Wolfwin. That she highest in the
Frequency renames the Bliggerfamilie, is no coincidence.
In other words, Gunther, Gernot, Giselher were the Reichenau monks
as in (positive) memory like Brunhild and Kriemhild, Volker and Hagen.
Even Nibelung led by them, but only once in the list of
deceased patrons.
Let's return to the finding that the lists of
deceased and the surviving patron of the Abbey of Reichenau a majority
the Frankish noble families of the years 825-830 represent; similar to
Bligger the extended family can of course be many more called
Assign people to the gender of the mentioned in the Nibelungenlied song characters,
eg to Wolfhart the name Wolfrat etc. However, should not be overlooked
be that the poet of the Nibelungenlied of the nobility world of the 9th century
it important families has selected and that therefore only part of the
Reichenauer
Fraternization book
mentioned
Donors' names
With
Is Nibelungenlied name identical.
More incidentally noteworthy that the name of the Burgundians hostile
Gelphrat and Else and members of Etzelhofs like Etzel, kind of tanning, Hawart,
Helche, Helmnot, Hornboge, Irnfrit, Nntwin, Nuodunc, Ortliep, Ramunc,
Schrutan, Sigestap, Swemmelin and Werbel in Reichenauer fraternization book
are not mentioned. You also do not belong to the Burgundians yes, the end
the epic Nibelungen are called.
Although the connection of Bligger family with the Nibelungen remains on
Emergence of rich Auer fraternization book, there are that
documentary evidence are extremely rare in the 10th and 11th centuries. The
The reasons for this are varied, but relatively easy to summarize: The
Policy of the Carolingian power extension appears by the kingdom divisions
cut under the successors of Charlemagne. The division of the
Frankish empire in the Reich parts Westfrankenbahn, Lorraine, Burgundy,
Italy and Eastern Franks under the respective sub-kingdoms, as to the
Turn of the century from the 9th to the 10th century shows, has both the
Serious, official documents and genealogical pursuit
Adel subordinate organizations of the Carolingian difficult, because this is now
have oriented much more regional in the naming. Also the
supranational orientations of the monastery organizations no longer work,
especially the Hungarian invasions in the south and southwest, the monastic
Also affect communities like the Norman incursions in the north
and northwest.

80
80
See Rudolf Schieffer, the Carolingian, p.187 -. 228th
Page 41
41
So references to individual noble families are rare; This also applies to our
Bligger family. During the missus , the Ambassador of the German Ludwig yet
863 could take over the mediation between the part of the rich, is the family
only sporadically after the end of the Carolingian domination in the sources
comprehensible. Thus, for example in the Cologne document of Otto I in favor of the
2.6.965
Monastery St. Mansui at Toul called Precarie, quam fecit Blitdrada nobilis femina
had given to the monastery.
81
In the Bavarian region is in a document of
Salian King Henry III. 09/04/1048 from a wooded area east with Wildbann
the Traun transferred to the county of Otachar to the archbishopric of Salzburg; to
are among others Pilihild, the widow of Count Sizo, and their sons
Sigehard and Friedrich their consent.
82
Finally appears Blidgerus, Propst
Monastery of Echternach, in a charter of Henry IV. from 28/12/1063
a dispute between the monastery and the Bishop William of Utrecht as
Witness.
83
81
MGH DD Otto I, # 289 / S.405.
82
MGH DD Henry III, # 213 / p.283 ff.
83
MGH DD Henry IV. No.116 / p.152 ff.
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42
IX. Volkers and Bliggers skills: The importance of "talking Peeking"
in the Nibelungenlied
The poet has indeed ensure anonymity in the Nibelungenlied, but seems
to have it seen to it that he recognized in his profession as a writer and county
was honored accordingly. For this purpose he used the figure of Volker, the
Gentilhomme free Spielmann in the second part of the song next to a Hagen
occupies a dominant position.
Taking into account relevant research findings to the medieval Latin
Poetry
84
via "word" and "sin" , then the need of the poet is his
Only symbolically or allegorically represent identity, as well of course as the
camouflaged representation of national politics over four centuries. The invisibility
cloak,
the "tarnht" , obscures the real historical identity of Gunther, Siegfried,

Kriemhild, Brunhild and Volker. In two verses, the only in the handwriting C
are present, represents the poet allegorically specify the function of camouflage:
Handwriting C 342
From wild getwergen I heard Han say
si sin mountains in holn, and daz si ze scherme wear
einez heizet, stealth, of whimsical art:
swerz Worked on Sime LIBE, bewart the sol vil wol do sn
343
Before slegen and against stings, Niemen in Mge ouch see
swenner s is held. both hear unde spehen
he likes after sinem sake, DAZ siht niemen in yet;
he s ouch verre sterker than us Diu Aventiure giht.
"From wild dwarves I've heard the story,
that they live in hollow mountains and contribute to the protection
a Darling, which they call stealth, and this has an amazing
Feature:
who bear it on the body, which is very well protected
From knocks and from bites, it can also no one to recognize,
when he wears the Darling. By contrast, he can both: listening and foresee
how he wants it, although no one knows himself;
thus he has a lot more power, as history tells us. "
84
See Eckhard Hegener:. Studies on "second language", ibid, and Hans Bayer: Hartmann
von Aue,
cit
Page 43
43
Volker as noble minstrel meets the characteristics of Camouflaged, he can hear
unde spehen . It starts with the penetration of the Burgundians to Bavaria (1584):
Si fuorten with lant in an IP Burgundians,
a helt for Sinen hands of what Volker genant.
talked spaehelche all Sinen muot.
SWAS IE begie ago Hagene, DAZ dchte the videlaere guot.
They had a below from Burgundy
who was a hero named Volker.
Who could by his clever speech, all share his sentiments.
Whatever Mr. Hagen also did that which was called the master of the fiddle well.
In the Nibelungenlied Volker carries this attribute poetic continue (1758):
D eliminated the zwne stretching lobelich,
Hagen of Tronege unt ouch ago Dietrich.
d blihte over ahsel the Guntheres you
After a hergesellen he vil sheer gewan.
D he properly Volkeren b Gselhere Sten.
the Peek videlaere he asked with the gene,
he wande vil wol erkande, Sinen grim muot.
he what guot at all, a knight kene unde.
"Since the two most glorious warriors parted,
Hagen of Tronje and also Mr. Dietrich.
Since the vassal of Gunther looked over his shoulder

for a comrade, he could also win very quickly.

He saw namely Volker at Giselher stand.
The wise and courageous Fiedler he asked to accompany him,
because he knew the grim uncompromising attitude.
He knew Volker was in all areas, and a brave knight of good. "
Hagen looks over his shoulder to see Volker. And this he has according to the statement of the second stanza Erkand vil wol. The noble attribute
Spielmann's peek is thus to refer to the action that it was a
bold knight shows.
The deeds of Volker to death as bold hero distinguish him. As well
important, however, appears to the poet the speech of minstrel (2009):
Page 44
44
Messrs after ir mede the Sazen d zetal.
Volker unde Hagene giengen for the sal.
be rejected on the shields bermeten you,
d were there talking vil peek of done in two.
"The tired men sat down there.
Volker and Hagen went out of the hall beyond.
They leaned on their shields, the haughty men,
There very clever talks were led by two. "
Gottfried von Strassburg is called the representation of the knighting of his hero
Tristan in a critical survey of the great epic poet of his time except
Veldeke, Hartmann and Wolfram unnamed nor a
further, a Rhenish epic poet. The highest rank recognizes Gottfried
Hartmann von Aue to, but in addition to Hartmann and Veldeke represents Gottfried, on
linguistic and intellectual level amazement value-performing, the epic poet Bligger
Steinach, whose work was until now not been found or identified:
sin tongue, Diu the Harpfen Treit,
which has two full saelekeit:
DAZ sint Diu word, DAZ is the sin:
Diu Diu harpfent under two in
ir Maere in vremedem prize.
The same wortwise,
was nemt how the under here
Wonder at the Umbehange
with Spaeher talking entwirfet ...
"His poetry that inspires the harp,
which has two wonderful characteristics:
One is the word, the other is the sense:
These two complement each other in playing the harp
in her narrative in prices strange happenings.
This way to make the poetic language,
Can you see
at the wonderful design of the Umbehangs,
which was designed with "Spaeher speech". "
With similar words, probably subsequently to Gottfried, something has later
Rudolf von Ems the epic poet Bligger ( the Wisen Blikeren )
The art, the rat wislicher

Has gemalet the Unbehanc,

Page 45
45
"Meanwhile poetry whose clever decision
has designed the "Umbehang" to images. "
praised his "Willehalm of Orlen", detailed still in its
Alexander Roman (V. 3205-3218):
a vundes thought
the host Niemer vollebraht,
Steinach ago Durchblicker.
is going on and so forth Vunt
DAZ all tihtaere sin
kan Niemer full bring in,
DAZ is the Lot Umbehanc.
waer he vnf tusent Ellen LANC,
one customer in full paint niht:
unz getihtes IHT geschiht,
mac so you paint the geschiht
as ieglich aventiure giht, because of the Mac niht happen
DAZ he IHT jehn end Mge.
A song has a sealed,
the future no man could accomplish,
namely Bligger of Steinach.
The invention is so graceful and sublime,
that the assets of all the poets:
they could not accomplish again;
This is the graceful Umbehang.
If he had five thousand cubits long,
might it not yet complete.
As has happened in this poetic work,
could the action painting,
how each Aventiure has expired,
but it can not happen,
that ever comes to an end.
The Invention of the seal, so Rudolf is so graceful ( los ) and at the same time as
sublime ( her ) that the artistic sense of poets they no longer bring about
could, and even if a tapestry of 5000 cubits to comparison
Addition would have, could the story does not represent nearly as completed,
as befits the respective Aventiure. "Umbehanc" is not obvious as
Understood work title (Gottfried calls even when the characteristic of the other
Epiker not working title), but as a metaphorical description of the subject
and procedures: a continuing story in frames Aventiuren how
Page 46
46
she knew of her tapestries, of which the most famous, the carpet of
Bayeux, an embroidered linen fabric depicting the Norman
Conquest of England in 1066, the impressive length of 70 meters has.

Unlike Rudolf Gottfried, with all the admiration for the harmonious
Ratio of perfect Wortgebung and mysterious ( gefeineter )
Of meaning, but limited that word and meaning, sensus litteralis and sensus allgoricus , in this narrative together voices in strange beauty. From
Interest for our question is also Gottfried remark that with
Considering his words Mating poet at his " Umbehanc "in arming
sinnig-artful storytelling - " with Spaeher speech "- Exceptional Design.
Volkers attribute of Peeking speech has Gottfried von Strassburg Bligger of Steinach
allocated:
In addition to assessing the Umbehangs by Gottfried von Strassburg and
Rudolf von Ems also speaks of the documentary findings clearly for
Authorship Bliggers. Because
the choice of the historical Nibelungen clan and derived from it
Burgundian kings, to which finally the Salian and Hohenstaufen also include
could, as the epic figures demanded by the author of the Nibelungenlied
detailed insight into the history of Burgundy since Nibelung I and in the
Empire History of the Franks. The motive, Worms the scene of the action
to choose, however, seems not only by the frequent residence of
Burgundian kings Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI. to be in Worms conditionally,
but rather from the person of the poet to give himself.
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47
XI. Literary encounters Bliggers II .: An appreciation of the wise
Poet
If the Nibelungenlied poet his interpretation of imperial history for reflection
offering, he could at an appropriate level of education in the German royal court
expect: a sense of literary-political allusions in any case part
Beatrix of Burgundy, the Mediatrix of French literary works, and their
Sons Henry VI. and Philip of Swabia and the Advisory Board, in the
many are even emerged as poets and as literary buffs.
The previously among others by tanks and Thomas found, seemingly disparate
Let allusions to historical and political events, people and places
is not difficult to trace back to the intention Bliggers, the epic as a hidden
Sense level since Karl inferior to the history of the kingdom of the Great, his
Gloss and his time of need and its finite disaster, as the poet in
Power struggle against the Kings with shock perceived. The choice of
Burgonden- and Siegfried substance was particularly favorable to them had a political
versed audience on the real Burgundy, whose ruler sequentially
Carolingian dynasties, Liudolfinger, Salian and Hohenstaufen were and consequently
could stand for the Kingdom. We also can assume that the primary
Audience, the royal court, with the genealogy of the royal families and their
In addition to lines, with the genealogy of the Guelphs and the Lorraine and the
Rhineland
Pfalz County, with the Itineraren of kings and the imperial, with the
Domination and ownership in the center of the empire, Worms and Speyer,
as familiar as was Bligger itself, we find the corresponding references
even before, their decryption on certificates with their witness lists and
Chronicles is possible. This in terms of names, Locations and Events
show the different time levels, is a delightful and detachable

Task for future research to Nibelungenlied. Personal names are

thereby regarded as gender name; they have the members of the
Empire nobility referred to those families that since the Carolingian period a
Played role in national politics, while place names as references to
significant events of imperial history can be understood.
Of course, eliminates the substantive question of the political ZweitSinn
des Nibelungen Lyric not other legitimate questions about the
Question of the tradition because of the handwriting and the question of the
Reason for the Bavarian coloring of the traditional text. But it seems
easier to find by these presuppositions a statement,
as a writer from the little significant Passau, far from the center of
Empire and the literature exchange with Burgundy, the drafting of the
Be trusted Nibelungenliedes It has also in the dispute over the assessment of
Excited fabric tradition that for generations the research hypotheses
has, the approach presented here its advantages. Adhering to the principle "Scripta
Manent, "only what is written endures, we adhere to the chronical
Page 48
48
and documentary tradition to the historical and political horizon of
Poet to read. About oral tradition and undeveloped precursors
like others speculate. The poet was in any case material suggestions
already from the widespread chronicle of so-called Fredegar and their
Sequels relate. For their authors belongs beside Fredegar and Graf
Hildebrand of Burgundy of Burgundy Count Nibelung, a Carolingian shoot
He also, of the Burgundian-Merovingian history of the Carolingian
Dynasty fort led to hopeful start of domination of Charlemagne.
Placed against the Fredegar Chronicle, the Nibelungenlied appears as the
Farewell to the rise of the Carolingian Empire: as a representation of the destruction
of the kingdom by the heirs of Charles: as "the Nibelunge not" or "the Nibelung
Liet ".
So moves the court of Henry VI. in the center of interest, the Emperor,
the Worms as well as his father north than the most common location of
Alpine has chosen. Among the followers of Henry that his direct trailer
citizenship includes, among many German minstrel, also Henry VI. is as
Such named. At the same time the court of Henry is considered the hub
epic poetry; For example, Count Friedrich (Erich) of Leiningen in
diplomatic service of Henry VI. the french presentation of Troy-novel
Herb local concerned of Fritzlar. Also the captivity was the time of
Richard the Lionheart, the French Lancelot's novel by the hostage of Huc
Morville brought to Germany. At the court of Henry VI. was the poetic
Sponsored performance besides the political by a corresponding patronage.
After all, are the masters of Leiningen, of Hohenburg, from Gutenberg, of
Limburg, von Hausen, of Steinach, of Horheim from Durne (Walldrn), of
Stammheim, from Botenlauben alias Henneberg not only in the political allegiance
economy, but also as Minne poets in the Manesse collection testifies.
In this group of people to Bligger of Steinach has moved. In Connection
this interest with the drafting of the Nibelungenlied some personalities
the Staufer and the Wormser Bischofshofs especially since they as a stimulator, as
Suppliers and customers as the Nibelungenlied substance already on their

Descent her suspiciously.

First, we naturally fall the minister Nibelung ( Nibelungus ) eye, the in
an early document of 1140 or 1141 as treasurer of the cathedral and
Is called Archdeacon of St. Paul's ( Nibelungus maioris ecclesie thesaurarius et
ecclesie Sancti Pauli archdeacon ).
85
This is already the father Nibelung Bliggers II.
known, namely he signed the founding charter of the monastery Schnau
dating back to 1142, in the name of gender Bliggers I., founder of the monastery,
85
I wub, No.68 / P.57.
Page 49
49
for the first time in the town of Steinach (= Neckarsteinach) is determined.
86
To the
Signer is just as much the brother Bliggers named Konrad, 1150
became the Bishop of Worms. Nibelung is in the records to 1160 or
1161 detected
87
He joined in 1154 at the unification of the cathedral chapter with the monastery
Gorze behind the Bishop Konrad von Steinach titled Vice Dominus ,
Deputy Bishop, on.
88
Of Nibelung were inside the Wormser
Doms tapestries hung in the form of a tapestry with banners,
whose text has come down to us the chronicle of the 13th century Wormser.
89
Bearing in mind that members of the family of the Nibelungen in until the Interregnum
Worms have continuously occupied ecclesiastical and municipal offices
90
Then
it appears already as blindness when Uwe Mewes in his
Examination of documentary testimony of the minstrel in the Regesten to
Bligger of Steinach the Custos Nibelung in first Regest Although mention him
also called "Cathedral Treasure Masters" recognizes, as Germanist but nowhere on the
idea
is that those of Worms Nibelung something with the Nibelung treasure or
could have the Nibelungenlied to do with the main venue Worms. After all
Mewes has done the honorable attempt of "neglect
Workup of the documentary evidence of the minstrels "by the
compensate Germanistic research with its Bligger-Regesten. It is
but undermined him of serious errors, not all of the
Take witness lists, but only to observe the personalities who
literature are historically known. He has - like many of his representative
Times - once systematically before any obvious new knowledge of
Contacts and meetings of the poet halted, arising out of the
Certifications arise almost inevitably. This has meant that in the
frantic search for Bliggers lost umbehang , its large and

recognized epic work, based on speculation and no factual

Justification of Moritz von Craun was assigned to the poet; simultaneously
was not related to the Carolingian family Bliggers the Nibelungen today
perceived, although the scene of the Nibelungenlied he in Worms
is historically visible and detectable.
In addition to the first regional appearing connections between the
Treasurer of the cathedral Nibelung and Bliggers family enter the BliggerCertificates in the wake of Henry VI. before and during its successful
86
WUB I, p 717; see. Schannat II, No.80 / P.74.
87
I wub, No.76, 77 and 78 / p.62 f.
88
UB Gorze, # 162 / p.287
89
Fuchs: The inscriptions of the city of Worms, p.21 f.
90
See. I wub, register S.456.
Page 50
50
Italian campaign further insights on the relationship field at the imperial court, the
Bligger II was open.. So Bligger met in July 1193 to the Bishop of
Burgundian city Apt named Guirann in Kaiserslautern.
91
Guirann got there
by Henry VI. the confirmation of donations and delivery of its freedoms
Diocese.
92
Heinrich practiced here its sovereign rights over the city and the
Diocese of Apt in Provence that the still in the 10th century by the family
Nibelung, Vicecomte in Cavaillon near Arles, was richly rewarded.
93
The Brother
this Nibelung was Engelran, bishop of Cavaillon, the 991 together with the
Archbishop of Aix named Amalric (991-1024), the constitution of the pin
Apt under Bishop Dietrich signed.
94
This document was the
Government of King Conrad of Burgundy, king of the Alemanni and the Provence ,
issued. It is King Conrad of Burgundy, brother of Emperor Otto
the Great and father of the childless King Rudolf III of Burgundy, of the
Salian emperors Conrad II. And Henry III. 1032 was inherited because Henry III. in
female line by the very Konrad of Burgundy descended. Henry VI.
acted in the certificate in 1193, which he in Kaiserslautern for Guirann of Apt
exhibited, as the son of Barbarossa and Beatrix of Burgundy in the
Succession this Burgundian King Conrad of Burgundy, in which
Territory Nibelung as Viscount and brother of the bishop of Cavaillon Engelran
occurred. This claim took Henry - also a descendant of King Conrad in
female line - even before the death of his father Emperor Frederick Barbarossa

true when he in August 1186 in Gubbio the bishop Guirann of Apt

Performance of the oath of allegiance and the Hominiums, the following obligations
that
Regalia, the rule rights, the Bishopric transferred.
95
Thus came the 21-year-old
Henry as king of Burgundy, and not his father, although this in itself
the marriage of his son with Constance of Sicily on 27.11.1186 itself
was crowned Burgundian king.
This historical background, Frederick Barbarossa and Heinreich VII. As
Kings of Burgundy and the derivation of their claims to rule over
Burgundy was Bligger II. Of Steinach conscious when he in Kaiserslautern Bishop
met from Apt, whose rights the Emperor Henry VI. as King of Burgundy
confirmed.
On the train of Henry VI. the following year 1194 accompanied Bligger of the Steinach
Kaiserhof to Piacenza, where he met with Boniface, Marquis of Montferrat ,
91
Bhmer, Reg.Imp. IV, 1, Nr.308 / S.125 f.
92
Bhmer, Reg.Imp. IV, 1, # 306 / S.125.
93
Cart. Apt, No.37 / S.151-153.
94
Cart. Apt, No.42 / S.161-165.
95
Bhmer, Reg.Imp. IV, 1, No.13 / S.12 f.
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51
together.
96
Whose court is considered much-visited center of Provencal poetry,
Margrave was a patron of courtly troubadours, like the letters of
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras identify it: "Truly, Alexander left you his
Generosity, Roland and the twelve peers their boldness and the brave Berart
Mrs service and graceful speech. - At your court rule any
Conduct, gifts and Minnedienst, beautiful clothing and weapons,
Trumpets, games, violins and vocals. "
97
Joachim Bumke has on the very narrow
Connection between the Swabians and the Marquis of Montferrat
noted that among its closest allies in northern Italy:
"Especially close were the contacts 1186 - 1187, when Henry VI after it.
Had married Constance of Sicily and his father as King of
Italy had been appointed almost two years staying in Italy, and then again
1193 - 1194, as Boniface II: Montferrat months in as a guest of the Emperor
Germany was followed by Henry VI. on his train to Sicily
accompanied. "
98
In this hostile array later than had Bonifaz and Bligger II.

Opportunity enough in the wake of the poet Henry VI. and his faithful
Bonifaz insight into the balance of power of the royal court, which itself
Burgundian kings called to win and suggestions for action structure
the Nibelungenlied catch. The letters of Raimbaut de Vaqueiras with the
Fame of the court of Montferrat seem parts contained in the Nibelungenlied
Verses reflect on the court festivals, tournaments and clothes directly.
Certainly Bumkes inference too far when he demands that seriously
must be considered, "if the center of the Staufer poet circle maybe
has located in Italy. "
99
That the testimony of Friedrich von Hausen and
Ulrich von Gutenberg in 1186 and of Bligger of Steinach and Bernger of
Horheim 1194 and 1196 in the majority came from Italy, is well
less at present there center of patronage, but rather to the
personal involvement in the royal or imperial court of Henry VI., whose
poli tsche ambitions and marriage ties to Constance of Sicily's commitment
have called for mandatory in Italy. The court of Montferrat was certainly a
Hub of Provencal literary scene and the chansons de geste,
who the German song writers offered a variety of suggestions; the
Origin of the minstrel and the itinerary of Henry VI. but refers much more
Worms back to as the center of the court and the literature circle.
The relationship of Boniface II., Who after the conquest of Constantinople Opel King
was (1204) of Tessalonike to Burgundy follows from the Genealogy: Boniface
96
Bhmer, Reg.Imp. IV, 1, Nr.352 / S.144.
97
Cited by Joachim Bumke, patrons in the Middle Ages, p.149. There are also the source
documents for
Original.
98
Joachim Bumke, patrons in the Middle Ages, p.150.
99
Joachim Bumke, patrons in the Middle Ages, p.149.
Page 52
52
Grandmother was Gisela of Burgundy, widow of Count Humbert II. Of
Savoy.
100
The Staufer near arises first of his mother, Judith of
Austria, daughter of Leopold III. from Austria.
101
Bonifaz uncle were
Thus the bishops Otto of Freising, the author of the history of deeds
Frederick Barbarossa, the Gesta Friderici , and Konrad of Passau, which we as above
mentioned one of the pilgrims. In addition, Frederick Barbarossa nee his
Daughter Sophia with the son of Margrave Boniface, the Margrave Wilhelm II.
of Montferrat. This was thus the brother of the future Emperor Heinrich
VI. and Philip of Swabia. Thus were Barbarossa daughter Sophia and her

Husband William of Montferrat both great-grandson of Agnes of Waiblingen: they

made
her first marriage with Frederick of Swabia, he made their second marriage with
Leopold
from Austria.
102
Bonifaz brother Margrave Konrad was in 1192 in Acre for "King of
Jerusalem "chosen after he illegally Isabella, the younger daughter of
former king of Jerusalem, had married. Whose name Amalric is us
well known from the Nibelungenlied as the train of Burgundians or Nibelungs
tried headed Hagens to cross the flooded Danube.
Considering that Bligger II. 1184-1193 in the Empire not documented
is detectable, but in 1194 in the wake of the Emperor Henry VI. and
Boniface of Montferrat II has been. So at least can not be excluded,
that he, like Friedrich von Hausen the crusade of Frederick Barbarossa or
Leopold V. and has witnessed the dramatic events at Acre, in their
Drain the fortified city of Acre to the Sultan Saladin by the Marquis of
Montferrat and Richard the Lionheart was snatched, but also Konrad
Montferrat shortly after his elevation to the king of Jerusalem in the
Successor was murdered by Amalric.
103
This question is based on the
Certificate location can not be determined. Bligger II. Could the events through his
Stay at the meeting with the literary patron in Italy in June 1194
Boniface II. Of Monferrato just bring in experience as through direct
Participation in the crusade, the course was at the court well known. Also the
Mention of the value of the city of Damascus for Saladin and the own homesickness
in one of the three surviving Spruchdichtung texts Bliggers provides no direct
Proof that Bligger even took part in the crusade. Far more significant
appears that Bligger of Steinach undoubtedly a comprehensive insight into
the political situation of the Staufer imperial family at the time of the Crusades
could take. Is there contact with the home Montferrat in 1194
the ability to grade the high probability that it not only the
100
Werner Trillmich, Emperor Conrad II., S.448.
101
Karl Lechner, The Babenberger p.139.
102
The time of the Staufer III, S.356.
103
Hans Eberhard Mayer, History of the Crusades, p.133 ff.
Page 53
53
dramatic situation of loss of the Crusaders in Asia Minor in experience
could bring, but also the history of the families involved in exactly
Could bring experience. And on the question of origin of the person concerned
Nobility actually Burgundy plays a crucial role.
At first glance, not as spectacular, but equally for literary suggestion
significant is the meeting Bliggers II. with Robert of Walldrn , the

the Emperor Henry VI. actually without interruption from 1187 to 1196
has accompanied and therefore during this period at about 130 royal or
Emperor Henry co-signed certificates.
104
Robert was thus one of the
narrowest Court and Counsel to the emperor. He was like Bligger II. Of Steinach no
Ministerialer but as this member of a noble free sex, which in
rear Odenwald, ie in the immediate vicinity of the stone Achern located
would have. Robert of Walldrn is considered promoters of the poet Wolfram von
Eschenbach; This was the fifth book of Parzival on Roberts castle Wildberg in
Amorbach ago (Plot. V, 230, 13).
105
The presentation of Parzival, the Perceval of
Chretien, Wolfram has possibly received from Robert from Walldrn, the 1190
Philip, the Count of Flanders, met, which in turn as patrons
Chretien applies.
106
The encounter between Robert of Walldrn and Bligger of
Steinach is certified on 06.03.1194 in Piacenza in the camp of the Emperor, probably
even before the birth of Parzival the one hand and the Nibelungenlied
on the other hand. There he met Bligger simultaneously Boniface, the Marquis of
Monferrato. The equal status of the state and the common literary
Interest in the epic poetry makes an intensive exchange of
political and poetic views between two personalities very
probably.
Joined the Army in June 1194 at the latest Association Count Siegfried II. of
Mrle , son of Count Siegfried I. of Mrle and his wife of Alberadis
Leiningen.
107
Arthur Wyss has been under the Hessian deed book
1899 found that Siegfried II. Mrle of the marriage connection between the
Passauer Counts of Leiningen Peilstein and the house comes and
Therefore, at the same time as Count of Mrle (Ober-Mrlen, district Friedberg,
Hessen)
and when Count of Peilstein (deserted village near Forst, District Melk, Lower Austria)
occurred. Siegfried II. Of Peilstein / Mrle is Bligger probably earlier,
in March 1193 in Speyer encountered when Henry VI. the donation of the advocacy of
104
Bhmer, Reg.Imp. IV, 3, p.174 register.
105
See. Karl Bertau, German Literature II, S.791.
106
Ibid. S. 793rd
107
Arthur Wyss, Schiffenberger certificates, S. 471-483.
Page 54
54
the Passauer monastery Niederburg to the Bishopric of Passau took.
108

For this
Court day, the time about the agreement between the Emperor Henry and the
on the Trifels caught Richard Lionheart related, were the
Great Austria, first Duke Leopold with his same name
Son, the Counts of Bogen but also Hademar of Kenringen and Herrand
attendance of Wildungen in Speyer, Bishop Wolfger himself who this
Shall not be signed, but the foregoing on the same day
(03/23/1193) and the following from 29.03.1193.
109
Now the Earl of Peilstein descendants of the Counts of Tengelingen that
itself again descended from the noble families of the Aribonen and Sigehardingern,
a condition that affects the Staufer derived.
110
This generation of Tengelinger
is famous as a patron in the epic "King Rother"; Therefore, you have the
Descendants of Conrad I. Peilstein for the patrons of the "Rother" held.
111
These are none other than Siegfried Siegfried I. and II. Of
Mrle / Peilstein. Regional bond of "Tengelinger" or Peilstein to
Lower Austria's room, the resist to a patronage first
seems
112
, It has therefore not been historically, but the dynastic
Marriage connections and the imperial politics Heinrichs from Wormser space from
(Worms, Hagenau, Speyer, Trifels) has intensive connections also to Passau
Created space. The claim to power of the Royal Court and the followers
the royalist party led the Austrian nobility in the Wormser
Room. Especially the certificates to captivity and release of Richard
Lionheart attest to this. In addition, the triumphal train of Henry undertook to
Italy in 1194 the pillars of imperial universal policy from Austria and Bavaria
but for followers, the guarantors of imperial policy are primarily derived
from the Palatinate and Swabia. The state prisoners Richard
Lionheart was just as later the Norman exchequer on the
Palatine Trifels secured while Marquard of Annweiler representing the
German royal power in Sicily remained.
Siegfried II. Of Peilstein / Mrle is the Italian campaign of Henry VI. probably
not returned. We do not know its cause of death, he can not very old
have become. It is quite possible that Bligger of Steinach him in
Recognition of his patronage to one of the main characters of the
Has made Nibelungenlied. Notification thereof provides the history of the
108
Reg. Imp. IV, 3, no. 285 / P.116.
109
Reg. Imp. IV, 3, no. 283 / P.115 and no. 286 / S. 116 f.
110
See Hans Martin Decker-Hauff. The Hohenstaufen house, p.340.
111
Joachim Bumke, patrons, p.92 f.
112
Joachim Bumke, patrons, p.93.

Page 55
55
Things to Frederick I, in the Siegfried of Mrle as Comes S. de Niderl than
"Siegfried, Count of the Netherlands" is called.
113
Finally, also our
Nibelungenlied poets attribute to his hero formulated in the same way:
Siegfried, the hero of the Netherlands.
Finally, we are sure that Bligger of Steinach the literature patron Wolfger
Passau has met on several occasions. Wolfger kept as described above in 1193
at the time of negotiation of the prisoner Richard Lionheart together
on the Austrian and Bavarian nobility in Speyer and received
the liberation of the abbey Niederburg Passau by the Royal
Bailiwick rights.
114
Staying Bliggers at Henry's court at this time,
likely, but not proven. What is certain is that for Bligger Wolfger
Reign of Otto IV., In November 1209 at the investiture of the Count Palatine
Hildebrand has met in St. Miniato.
115
Wolfger wore on the Italian campaign Otto
IV already. The dignity of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. When certification was also
the Marquis Azzo d'Este present, his family as a promoter of literature
applies
116
and probably had a great interest in the Nibelungenlied, which at this time
was already sealed. Because the house Este comes from the Burgundian Guelph
and the historical Nibelungen from whose family once Count I of Nibelung
Burgundy had founded.
117
About the meeting with Wolfger of Passau and
Azzo d'Este are likely copies from the Nibelungenlied
Bliggers been encouraged by Steinach whose writers of Worms-respect of
Seal from lack Ortkenntnis neglected or distorted.
Joachim Bumke it in 1996 on the sideshow of the "action" of adjuncts
the Nibelungenlied, succeeded in the primary importance of hitherto
demonstrate disregard asked version C
118
That the Wormser space through local
Allusions clarified; Here are a few examples:
Since the fountains in Odenheim is first named, slain at the Siegfried
was (NL C 1013).
119
In this Odenheim was of the feudal lord Bliggers
donated by Steinach, the Counts of Lauffen, 1122 a Benedictine abbey.
120
Just
113
Hist. Exped. Frid. I / MgH SS rer. Germ. NS V, p.97.

114
Bhmer, Reg. Imp. IV, 3, no. 285 / P.116.
115
Reg. Imp.V, 1, p.101.
116
Bumke, patrons, p.149.
117
Trillmich, Emperor Conrad II., S.429 and S.433 genealogy.
118
Joachim Bumke: The four versions of the "Nibelungen action", ibid
119
See image S.
120
Franz Hundsnurscher: Odenheim, S. 904th
Page 56
56
handwriting C reports from this place.
Only in the C Foundation Utes is called in favor of the Abbey of Lorsch, by the
Foundation Kriemhilds was supplemented. As C is the exhumation and
subsequent burial of Siegfried in Lorsch Abbey mentioned (NL C 1157-1165).
The Utes Foundation has been handed down in the Lorsch Codex historic 772 and 779
121
.
as well as the donation Kriemhilds the year 774 regarding Good in
Handschuhsheim.
122
That at the same time the Ute monastery Fulda goods in Mainz,
while their serfs Dankrat, and gave Gunther signed this document,
allows the conclusion that in the manuscript C the Wormser Hof Carolingian
or Nibelungian domination family is historically tangible.
So hands down the manuscript C as the most complete and artistic
highest quality and very accurately the geographical position of the city of Worms. In
Verse 1519 and 1520 is, however, in handwriting B:
The Snellen Burgundians themselves hoben UZ
d waiting Uupper in the countryside a Michel.
beidenthalp the mountains weinde WIP and you.
SWI there ir volc getaete, si fuoren vroelche dan.
"The brave Burgundians armed themselves;
there was great bustle in the country.
On both sides of the mountains were crying women and men.
No matter what their people did there, they broke merrily on. "
The incomprehensible description of the Worms region testifies to the ignorance
the geographical and political situation on the part of the writer of
Handwriting B. In NL in 1519 has a version :
Paid halbn of Raines wainten weip and you .
"Two half of the Rhine were crying women and men."
, The Nibelungenlied in the us surviving versions makes statements on
Situation of contemporary history, what Reich center, tradition and the glorious destiny
nant dynasty concerns. Despite the song inherent criticism of the

Royal clan is the dependence of the author of its political orientation

comprehensible in each Aventiure. The appreciation of Bligger II. Of Steinach
by Gottfried von Strassburg, the " Umbehang " , the Nibelungenlied is concerning,
obvious when you consider that he with the same patrons as Bligger
is handled: Gottfried Zidelarius whose identity with Gottfried von Strassburg
was probably made, testified the document of King Philip of
121
LC 198, LC 220th
122
LC 321st
Page 57
57
Swabia in 1207 in favor of the azo d'Este together with Wolfger of Aquileia
and Heinrich von Neifen, the father of the minstrel.
123
Wolfger of Passau
felt comfortable not only responsible for the promotion of literature, but much more
nor for the dissemination of political literature. In Bligger II. Of Steinach he found
the brilliant political writer before that, on the French chanson de
gesture going beyond the Carolingian dynasty of the Nibelungen as epic
Heroic figures represented and their oversized political hardness as the cause of the
Destruction of the Burgundian kingdom criticized. Is the song of the Nibelungs
at the same time the brilliant swansong our poet to the court
Ritter virtues.
The Umbehang as Bliggers author picture in the Manesse
The author of the pictures called. Manesse, emerged about 100 years after the
Nibelungenlied in the Zurich area, make the poets of the 12th and 13th centuries
ideally with their works. Thus it is "significant that two of the
dictating poet, namely Bligger of Steinach and Konrad von Wrzburg,
have emerged as a writer of epic seals. "
124
The reference Bliggers to his work, as it linguistically especially Rudolf von Ems
model represents, is also evident in the figurative Manesse: The Poet
Bligger sitting on a set in three steps carpet -the symbol for the
Umbehang - and dictated the one step lower seated scribe the
Song; Bliggers posture is relaxed, his feet he holds comfortably crossed, his
Sword is in the womb. Show the purple cloak and the golden chaplet
him as a noble poet free from the equestrian.
A closer look at the Umbehangs, this carpet, shows a classification
in patterns, on the one hand in the color yellow red continuously and only by two
Step lines separately, on the other hand in small diamonds on a green background, by
Cables apart. It is now one of those fields Umbehangs, the
Pictures carpet, total through, then we found 6 times 3 yellow, making a total of
18 fields and 5 times 4 diamonds, so 20 fields before. Let us follow the
Aventiureneinteilung by Rudolf von Ems or Montfort, in which he
"Alexander Song" responds, then there is the Umbehang from a total of 38
Aventiuren: as many Aventiuren contains the manuscript of the C
Nibelungenlied. Found to comply with the pictorial representation of Bliggers
Creation in the Manesse also the structure and design of the Nibelungenlied:

38 subsegments of Bliggers Tapestry 38 Aventiuren the Nibelungenlied

in the handwriting C.
123
Reg Imp V, 1, No.151..; see. Karl Bertau, German literature in the European Middle
Ages II, S.963.
124
See. Manesse, S. XVIII.
Page 58
58
A closer look at the Umbehang Bliggers discovered another
Secrets:
Page 59
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