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Isolation precautions are used to help stop the spread of germs from one person to another. These precautions
protect patients, families, visitors, and healthcare workers from the spread of germs.
Generally, when patients are placed on isolation precautions, there will be a sign at the door of
their hospital rooms to remind visitors and healthcare workers which isolation precautions are
needed. All healthcare workers and visitors need to follow these guidelines. Healthcare workers
should not eat or drink in isolation rooms and should always clean their hands before entering the
room and upon exiting the room.
Standard precautions are the minimum infection prevention practices that should be used in the
care of all patients all of the time. These practices are designed to both protect the healthcare
worker and to prevent the healthcare worker from spreading infections among patients.
Standard precautions include: 1) hand hygiene, 2) use of personal protective equipment (e.g.,
gloves, gowns, masks), 3) safe injection practices, 4) safe handling of potentially contaminated
equipment or surfaces in the patient environment, and 5) respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette are infection prevention measures to decrease the
transmission of respiratory illness such as influenza or cold viruses in healthcare facilities where
patients, employees, and visitors may not be immediately recognized as having a respiratory
infection. These measures are part of the standard precautions that should be taken to prevent the
spread of disease.
Important elements include:
Education of patients, families, visitors, and care providers about how respiratory infections are
transmitted and how respiratory illness can be prevented. Ask family members, visitors, and care
providers to stay home if they are sick.
Use of posted signs with instructions and pictures about how to cover your cough and wash your
hands.
Availability and use of tissues when coughing and sneezing, and reminders to dispose of used
tissues properly.
Stressing hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions. This applies to the patient,
family members, visitors, employees, and care providers.
Types of Isolation
Indications
Requirements
Duration of
precaution & example
of disease
Standard
precautions
Minimum infection
prevention practices
1) Hand hygiene
2) Use of personal
protective equipment
(e.g., gloves, gowns,
masks)
3) Safe injection
practices
4) Safe handling of
potentially
healthcare worker
from spreading
contaminated
equipment or surfaces
infections among
patients.
in the patient
environment
5) Respiratory
hygiene/cough
etiquette.
Contact Isolation
Precautions
diseases, or germs
that are spread by
Droplet Isolation
Precautions
Wear a gown
and gloves while
in the patients
room.
Remove the
gown and gloves
before leaving the
room.
Clean hands
(hand washing or
use hand
sanitizer) when
entering and
leaving the room.
Visitors must
check with the
nurse before
taking anything
into or out of the
room.
Wear a
surgical mask
while in the room.
Mask must be
discarded in trash
after leaving the
room.
by coughing and
sneezing
Clean hands
(hand washing or
use hand
sanitizer) when
they enter the
room and when
they leave the
room.
MRSA,
VRE,
diarrheal
illnesses,
open wounds,
RSV
pneumonia,
influenza,
whooping
cough,
bacterial
meningitis
Airborne Isolation
Precautions
Ensure patient
is placed in an
appropriate
negative air
pressure room (a
room where the
air is gently
sucked outside
the building) with
the door shut.
Clean hands
(hand washing or
use hand
sanitizer) when
they enter the
room and when
they leave the
room.
Ensure the
patient wears a
surgical mask
when leaving the
room.
Instruct visitors
to wear a mask
while in the room.
Tuberculosis,
measles,
chickenpox