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yupper (x)=you + ck f
k x
k =1
7
(1)
k =1
log 0.5
, 0 xk 1 .
Where e(k ) =
log xk
solving
the
multi-variable
constrained
optimization problem without calculating the
derivative of object function. The search
direction is determined just the same as
Rosenbrocks method. If it is a constrained
optimization problem with N variables, the first
main search direction is determined by the
G
initial value C and the initial search step DC
(manually input according to the requirements)
in the following manner:
S = C + DC
(3)
By means of a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, N-1 secondary search directions are
determined. After along every secondary search
directions search, the extremum of (k+1)th
optimum is attained. The optimization process
in one direction is implemented by a parabolic
extrapolation, shown in Fig.2, just like Powells
method:
F F3
DC
(4)
C4 = C1 +
2
2 N
F3 2 F1 + F2
where the maximum is obtained when N = +1
and the minimum is obtained when N = -1.
(k+1)
(k)
optimum X :
(k+1)
(k+1)
(k)
S
=X
X
(5)
All kinds constraints can be take into account,
but the optimization variables in each search or
extrapolation process must be checked whether
they have violated the given constraints. If the
variables have violated, they will be managed in
following two ways:
C2 new = C1 DC 2 ;
C4 new = C1 + C4 C1 4 .
min f 2 ( x )
(6)
...
min f x
q( )
( )
Cl
S1223
_2
S1223
_OPT
1_2
= 2o
C Cd Cd
1.417
1.520
7.3
%
0.20
16
0.01
737
Cl
Cd
C
l
Cd
70.29
-9.14
%
83.87
19.32
%
The single design objective for the lowReynolds-number airfoil S1223 is to maximize
the lift-drag ratio Cl / Cd on the design condition
6
S1223
_OPT
2_2
1.520
7.3
%
0.018
9
-6.4%
80.33
14.3%
2.138
2.168
1.417
0.034
1.4
%
0.033
0.020
2
63.05
-3%
64.80
70.29
3%
Copyright Statement
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organization, hold copyright on all of the original material
included in this paper. The authors also confirm that they
have obtained permission, from the copyright holder of
any third party material included in this paper, to publish
it as part of their paper. The authors confirm that they
give permission, or have obtained permission from the
copyright holder of this paper, for the publication and
distribution of this paper as part of the ICAS2010
proceedings or as individual off-prints from the
proceedings.
rong.jessica@hotmail.com
10