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Introduction
Fig.1
Fig.2
where ia, ib and ic are the input currents and va, vb and vc
are the input voltages of the synchronous rectifier. The
voltage equations in the stationary x y frame are given by
Thus the overall current controller (eqns. 9) in the synchronous d q frame relaxes the burden of the PI current controllers and improves the input current waveform. Fig. 3
shows the decoupled control diagram for the synchronous
rectifier.
Provided the current controller (eqns. 9) maintains control of the input currents, the voltage components eliminating the inductor-voltage drop from eqns. 9 generally follow
the input voltage components and so may be utilised to
estimate the d q synchronous reference frame. Fig. 4
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Fig.3
Since the supply voltages ex and ey are almost constant during the short period Te, they are given by
Relation between the estimated d q reference frame and d q synchronous frame
Fig.4
The estimated synchronising frequency and phase reference are then corrected as follows:
Fig.5
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Experimental results
The overall control block diagram of the three-phase synchronous rectifier shown in Fig. 5 is implemented using a
single-chip microcontroller, Intel 80196MC. The outputs of
the space-vector modulator are switching times of each leg
for three-phase PWM pulses and three-phase PWM pulses
are generated through the pulse generator in the 80196MC.
The system is divided into two parts: the controller and
power circuit. The controller part includes the microcontroller running the proposed control algorithms and driver
circuits for driving insulated-gate bipolar transistors
(IGBTs). These two circuits are isolated by photocouplers.
The power circuit part consists of six IGBTs as the power
switching device, an inductor L at the input side and a
capacitor C at the output side. The power semiconductor
switches are operated with the switching frequency fs =
10kHz. The line-voltage-sensorless synchronous rectifier is
implemented with the following parameters:
Fig.7
Phase-angle error = 25
Scales: Vdc, 100V/div; va, 50V/div; current, 10A/div; time, 10ms/div
Fig.8
The compensating gains of the current and frequency controllers are given by
Fig. 6 shows the steady-state input voltage and line-current waveforms of the synchronous rectifier. The current
waveform obtained without sensing the line voltage is the
same as that obtained when sensing the line voltage directly
and unity power factor is accomplished in any controller.
Thus, the controller without sensing the line voltage does
not give any degeneration in steady-state performance.
Fig.9
Fig.6
Fig. 7 shows the dynamic response of the controller without sensing the line voltage with an intended initial estimation error (phase-angle error 25). Thus without exact
estimation (eqn. 17) of the initial phase s at start-up time
ts, the proposed controller makes the line current synchronise to the line voltage. When the load current is changed
from 10A to 20A, the output voltage and input line current
are shown in Fig. 8. The ripple of output voltage is very
small. Fig. 9 shows the input line current and source-voltage waveforms when the speed of the induction motor as
the load of the synchronous rectifier changes from 1800 to
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 146, No. 6, November 1999
Input voltage and line current at the powering and regeneration mode
Concluding remarks
A line-voltage-sensorless control for three-phase PWM synchronous rectifiers is presented. A line synchronisation and
unity power factor control are described. Indirect synchronisation without sensing the line voltage allows a standard
vector-controlled inverter to be used as a synchronous rectifier without requiring any additional hardware. The initial
reference frequency and angle for the line voltage are estimated at start-up. The line synchronisation can be operated
properly under line-voltage distortion or notching and linefrequency variation. It is shown via experimental results
that the proposed controller gives good performance for
the line-voltage-sensorless synchronous rectifier.
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References
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