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I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the second most used material in the world
after water. Ordinary Portland cement has been used
traditionally as a binding material for preparation of
concrete. One tone of carbon dioxide is estimated to be
released to the atmosphere when one ton of ordinary
Portland cement is manufactured. Also the emission by
cement manufacturing process contributes 7% to the
global carbon dioxide emission. It is important to find an
alternate binder which has less CO2 emission than
cement. Geopolymer is an excellent alternative which
transform industrial waste products like flyash, GGBS
and rice husk ash into binder for concrete. Al- Si
materials which are used as source materials undergoes
dissolutions, gel formation, setting and hardening stages
to form geopolymers. There are two main constituents of
II. MATERIALS
The materials used for making GGBS based geopolymer
concrete specimens are GGBS, Rice Husk Ash,
aggregates, alkaline liquids, water and super plasticizer.
Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag was procured
from JSW cements in Bellari, Karnataka. Black Rice
Husk Ash was obtained from a Rice mill near Karaikudi
and then it was finely grounded. The properties of
GGBS and BRHA are given in Table I.
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ISSN (Print) : 2321-5747, Volume-2, Issue-4,2014
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GGBS
31.25 %
14.06 %
2.80 %
33.75 %
7.03 %
2.61
BRHA
93.96 %
0.56 %
0.43 %
0.55 %
0.4 %
2.11
Aggregates
Coarse aggregate passing through 20mm sieve and fine
aggregate of river sand from a local supplier were used
for the present study and their properties are given in
Table II.
TABLE II. PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES
Property
Specific gravity
Fineness modulus
Bulk density
Coarse
Aggregate
2.73
7.36
1533 kg/m3
Fine
Aggregate
2.60
2.63
1254 kg/m3
Mass(Kg/m3)
Mix1
Mix2
Mix3
Mix4
(10%
RHA)
355
(20%
RHA)
315
(30%
RHA)
276
GGBS
(0%
RHA)
394
B. Alkaline solution
RHA
39
79
118
Coarse Aggregate
647
647
647
647
Fine Aggregate
1201
1201
1201
1201
Sodium
Hydroxide
Sodium Silicate
Super Plasticizer
Extra Water
(15%)
45
45
45
45
113
8
59
113
8
59
113
8
59
113
8
59
III. METHODOLOGY
C. Mixing, Casting and Curing
The mix proportions were taken as given in Table. III.
As there are no code provisions for the mix design of
geopolymer concrete, the density of geo-polymer
concrete was assumed as 2400 Kg/m3 and other
calculations were done based on the density of concrete
[4]. The combined total volume occupied by the coarse
and fine aggregates was assumed to be 77%. The
alkaline liquid to binder ratio was taken as 0.40. GGBS
was kept as the primary binder in which BRHA was
replaced in 0, 10, 20 and 30% by weight. The normal
mixing procedure was adopted. First, the fine aggregate,
coarse aggregate and GGBS & BRHA were mixed in
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Compressiv
e strength
at 3rd day
(MPa)
55.9
Compressiv
e strength
at 7th day
(MPa)
60.5
Compressiv
e strength
at 28th day
(MPa)
69.2
48.6
54.3
57.46
40.75
44.72
47.36
20.8
23.54
27.36
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
Detphan.S,
and
P.
Chindaprasirt,
(2009), Preparation of fly ash and rice husk
ash geo-polymer International Journal of
Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials., Vol. 16,
Issue 6, pp. 720-726.
[4]
[5]
[6]
V. CONCLUSIONS
From the limited experimental study conducted on the
geopolymer concrete made with GGBS and BRHA, the
following conclusions are made.
1.
2.
3.
[7]
[8]
[9]
4.
5.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to acknowledge his Research
supervisor mr. p. muthuraman for his meticulous
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