Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Calculation of embankments. Modern methods for determining the excavation and filling volumes.
S.R.L.
the
Fig 1 Between-profiles
-2-
-3-
(8)
Where:
- thickness of the earth resulting in plus / minus so leveling the platform to be
executed at the calculated value;
filling volume;
excavation volume;
total area equipped platform.
1.3 Movement of earth
Embankments along the path consist of between-profiles of excavation named deblee,
but also of filling, named backfills. For their execution it must be knowed how to use the
excavated earth, at what distance and with what means the earth is transported. All of these
problems are studied by civil engineers in what is called to be the movement of the earth.
2 Study case
Sibiu International Airport went through an extensive modernization process started in
2005. Sibiu County Council, Autonomous Municipality of Sibiu and Sibiu Airport, as
contracting parties had together a project for modernization and expansion of the local airport,
which is the biggest investment of the county and the municipal authorities after the year of
1989, the total project cost being approximated to 70 million euro, so in the end, in 2009, to
reach a cost of 115 milion euro after adding 10 aditional documents to the original contract.
In 2006 the project for the upgrading and expansion of the Sibiu airport was started,
project provided by a consortium of Romanian company IPTANA and the German company
Obermeyer Planen + Beraten GmbH, based on a contract signed on 24.02.2006. Site
supervision was provided by the company Dornier Consulting GmbH, the same company
taking care also of the project management. Execution of works, the most difficult part of the
project was provided by the company Max Boegl Bauuternehmung GMBH & CoKG, contract
signed on 25.08.2006; this firm, to lighten the tax formalities, founded the company Max
Boegl Airport Sibiu SRL.
After a period of working for approximately three years, 2006-2009, on 27.05.2009
the minute of the reception of the work was singed, the new track having a length of 3090 m
for takeoff. Reception Committee took up the work from the builder with several objections,
one of which was that any deficiencies that may occur at backfill threshold 09 to be rectified
by the manufacturer, the latter having no objection, arguing that the work performed satisfy
the quality demands and also that the settlements in the area are normal size to backfill.
In August 2010, 15 months from the inauguration, 09 slipped down the embankment on an
opening of about 80 m, the system guide of the aircraft to land in low visibility conditions
becoming inoperative.
-4-
prior calculation that is required, which is within the competence of qualified design
specialists.
Fig.5 Section for designed embankment - view with Global Mapper v.13.00 program
-6-
Fig.8 The area of interest surface on D.T.M.- 3D view using Global Mapper v.13.00
program
Fig. 9 The new embankment surface created in the area of interest - 3D view using
Global Mapper v.13.00 program
-8-
volume
excavation
[
]
volume
[
]
Grid
D.T.M.
difference [
11614.154
11640.705
26.551
4412.673
4454.543
41.87
filling
Fig.11 Cut and fill volumes resulting from the two approaches
-9-
4. Conclusion
The results obtained were close in value, appearing as an extra in excavation volume
determined from digital terrain model and the amount of filler volume determined in the same
way; this is due to the fact that the D.T.M. approximates better the real land area compared to
the grid points method.
As can be seen from the above table, D.T.M. can be successfully used in calculating
volumes, presenting real advantages over sections method for steep slope land. The volume
calculation method is chosen according to the available data, the desired accuracy, the work
scale, extensive use of D.T.M. being limitated by its relatively high cost.
5. Bibliography
[1] Constantin COSARCSurveying engineering, page 157page 161, Bucharest, Matrix
Rom, 2003, ISBN 973-685-560
[2] Francisc GRUDNICKY, Ioan CIORNEIFitting watershed through specific works, 2007
[3] Costin-Sebastian MANUDisertation thesis ,,Map Obstacle map for Sibiu International
Airport, page 73page 80, 2013, T.U.C.E.B., Faculty of Geodesy, specialization S.I.C.P.I.
[4] Standard for the execution of mechanized road embankments C 182-77
[5] Steven STROM, Kurt NATHAN, Jake WOLANDSite Engineering for Landscape
ArchitectsSixth Edithion, pag. 126pag.141, John Wiley&Sons Inc., 2013, ISBN 978-1-11809086-2
Internet Sources:
[6] http://www.turnulsfatului.ro/18248/alunecarile-de-teren-de-la-aeroport-refacute-pe-baniiproiectantilor-consultantului-si-constructorului.html
[7] http://www.sibiuairport.ro/istoric.html
[8] http://www.sibiul.ro/foto/aeroportul-sibiu-2010-alunecari-de-teren/15099/
- 10 -