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of Gear Press
Quenching
L E.."Skilp" J'ooes
Lindberg Technical Be Management Servi,ees, IGIfOUp
Charlotte. NC
and the re
the gear
must
e. For
performance
be heat
treated.
Associated with this thermal processing is distortion, To control the distortion and achieve
repeatable
dimensional
tolerances,
the gear
I:IIt3nt
changes or distor-
can be
defined as "heating
pressing equipment.
Introduction
To understand
press quenching,
we must
thing to remember
Volume
marion
stres
e . Press
quenehing
is not
into their
finall shape.
Causes of Distortions
Gear distortions
expansion
and contraction.
Non-unifcrmity
in heating
and cooling
can
Consideration
must
Transfurrnatinn
to ma.rtensite
contractions,
and
the gear will cause deformation, Material comFig. 1 - Valume changes due to
32
GEAR
TECHNOlOGV
structural transfermatinn,
of the distortion
in heat
transformation
part geometry.
temperature
and
distortion,
it is
To minimize
760c (1400 FI
650 c mODO FI
0
a uniform
540 c (10000 FI
0
temperature
4250 (BODO FI
315c (600" FI
It is critical !hat the transformation temperature be consistent throughout the piece, so that
during cooling the entire piece transforms
at
a composition
hence, a transformation
gradient
temperature
and,
gradient,
---
-----------------------
Revie'
or Quenching
Fundamentally.
and Systems
of primary
importance.
control are
minute period.
To summarize,
a proper
quench
system
of the
to hard martensite,
that
--
..
of quench
Inc., Klingelnberg.
Oerhkon
and Jenny
ty of" quench
rate. quenchant
oil, variable
and pressures.
The various
flow
die holding
takes place.
quenchant
flow direction.
a sufficient quanti-
press designs
or hydraulics
for the
Our focus on a typical press quench operation wHl feature a press that uses hydraulics for
mechanical
movements
and pressing
force.
L.IE. Jones
is rill! Manager of the
Technical & Manage
ment' Services Group.
Lindberg Heal Treating
Company. He is a
memeber of ASM. the
Aerospace Council
(SAEIAMC) and the
lntemaiionai Federaiion
of Hear Treaters and the
author arid editor of
numerous books and
papers OT! heat treating
and metellurgy.
M' ... RCH/~PRIL
19~'
33
Basically.
type con-
two' econds or so). Also, the lower die is camadjustable .. so the die rings can be rai ed or
lowered to compensate
for a predetermined
amount
dishing
]t
also serves
as a support for the lower die. The upper portion of the machine
contains
of component
or camber.
can be
for load-
lathe
operation,
the component
to be
II
die. The
temperature
factor of the
exchanger,
pump, heal
descends,
with an
ture is maintained
and expander
pressure
havecompletely independent
guard completely
with oil flow from the lower die once the dies
Quenching
This review
Process
of the control
process
will
gears due
trolled
examining
a press quenching
sideration
die components
by three solenoid
valves.
Another
operation,
COI1-
pressing operation will only round up and f13.Iten the hot plastic gear. but will not change
tooth shapes. With this in mind, it is imperative
that the gear's prior manufacturing
operations
34
(JEA~
TECHNOLOGV
the procedures
repeatable
The vari-
What keeps on
working longer t an a
attery-powered rabbit?
An ad in Gear Technology.
Better than 90% of our readers say they keep and refer to back issues of Gear Technology.
Your ad in our pages is seen again and again.
Call 18004518166
to find out how.
in caJ'burizing
Temperature uniformity,
are:
Furnace temperature uniformity for heat-
Gear handling
to the
Time at temperature.
Fixturing and furnace loading,
procedures for surface integrity,
Repeatability
trol of:
uniformity,
To successfully
Pressure
it is well recognized
The following
by
are general
guidelines:
I. A fast quench or high oil flow is favored
in the first stage to reduce the temperature
the part to the transformation
of
range as quickly
hard-
of a slow-
through
the various
cross sections to equalize. Thus, further cooling and marten sitic transformation
takes
that minimum
) I
distortions).
The variables within the acnial press operaAdjusting CAM for dish and camber
tion are:
Die contact,
Die oil flow,
Fig. 5 -lower
36
GEAR.
TECHNOLOGY
'\
Tempature
\-------,----,-,
are
r-----t--
."..,,&~~.
L -O~e'iters
"
~'?:
Jl
Outlet
Drain
Oil Reservoir
0\
Pump
On
svstem.
of instrumentation
ed must be analyzed and correlated to the overall prior manufacturing process to gain control
of the quench press operation.
A completeinsnumentarion
system will
troke,
----------
Fig. 1-1ypical
quench operation
of the above
analysis, adjustments
data and
to the press
MARCH/APRll1990
37