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Volume: 2 Issue: 6
ISSN: 2321-8169
1564 1567
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I.
Introduction
Wref
SPEED
CONTROL
CURRENT
CONTROL
Vdc
POWER
INVERTER
BLDC
MOTOR
Tload
Fig
1. Block diagram of Speed Control of BLDC Motor
The motor requires a rotor position sensor for starting
and for providing proper commutation sequence to turn on
the power devices in the inverter bridge. Based on the rotor
position, the power devices are commutated sequentially
every 60 degrees. Instead of commutating the armature
current using brushes, electronic commutation is used for
this reason it is an electronic motor. This eliminates the
problems associated with the brush and the commutator
arrangement, for example, sparking and wearing out of the
commutator brush arrangement, thereby, making a BLDC
more rugged as compared to a dc motor.
The basic block diagram of brushless dc motor as shown
Fig1.The brush less dc motor consist of four main parts
power converter, permanent magnet-synchronous machine
(PMSM) sensors, and control algorithm. The power
converter transforms power from the source to the PMSM
which in turn converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy. One of the salient features of the brush less dc motor
is the rotor position sensors ,based on the rotor position and
command signals which may be a torque command, voltage
command ,speed command and so on the control algorithms
determine the gate signal to each semiconductor in the
power electronic converter. The structure of the control
algorithms determines the type of the brush less dc motor of
which there are two main classes voltage source based
drives and current source based drives. Both voltage source
and current source based drive used with permanent magnet
synchronous machine with either sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal back-Emf waveforms.
Machine with sinusoidal back-Emf may be controlled so
as to achieve nearly constant torque. However, machine
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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with a non sinusoidal back-Emf offer reduces inverter sizes
and reduces losses for the same power size.
According to the back-Emf signal of the BLDC motor it
can be categorized in two different ways as sinusoidal backEmf type or Trapezoidal back-Emf type. There is another
type of classification according to the type of sensors are
used. Hall Effect sensors are used for low resolution and low
cost and optical sensors are used for high resolution
application [3].
(1)
= + /
(2)
= + /
(3)
Where
L-armature self induction in [H]
R-armature resistance in []
Va, Vb, Vc terminal phase voltage in [V]
ia, ib, ic-motor input current in [A]
ea, eb, ec-motor back-Emf in [V]
Back-Emf of each phase has a phase difference of 120
electrical degrees and back-Emf and rotor position are
related via some function. Equation of each phase for backEmf is as follows: = ()
(4)
= ( 2/3)
(5)
= ( + 2/3)
(6)
Where
Kw-back-Emf constant of one phase [V/rads-1]
e-rotor angle in electrical degree
-rotor speed[rad.S-1]
Rotor angel electrical [e] and Rotor angle mechanical [m]
are related as: = /2
(7)
Where P is the no of poles on rotor
Thus the total electromagnetic torque Te in N-M can be
expressed as follows:e = ( + + ) /
(8)
The mechanical torque transferred to the motor shaft: = / +
(9)
Where
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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IV. Simulation Results
1.
PARAMETER
Vd
Stator Phase Resistance R
Stator Phase Inductance L
No. of Poles
Inertia
Kw
VALUE
126.966V
4.8750
6.5e-3
4
15.1710-6
56.2310-3
UNIT
Volts
H
Kgm2
VradS-1
Fig.5 Speed
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
Fig.6 Line Voltage
(C)
Fig.4 Back Emf (a) Phase A (b) Phase B (c) Phase C
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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V. Conclusions
The modeling of BLDC Motor using PWN Control
presented in this paper. The feedback signal and
commutation mechanism utilizes speed, position of the rotor
and stator current. All the simulation results are of
theoretical aspect and can be utilized for practical
implementation. The simulation results show that speed
oscillations are minimized by closed loop system.
VI. References
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig.7 Stator Current (a)Phase A (b) Phase B
(c) Phase C
[1] C.T. Liu, B.M. Lin, and J.S. Pam, "Design and
development of a zero-emission Scooter for
Taiwan," Journal of Power Source 5.vol. 59, pp.
187-187, 1996
[2] J. W. Dixon and I. A. Leal, Current control
strategy for brushless dc motors based on a
common dc signal, IEEE Trans.on Power
Electronics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 232-240, March
2002
[3] Padmaraja Yedamale, Brushless DC (BLDC)
Motor Fundementals, AN885, 2003 Michrochip
Technology Inc.
[4] Y. S. Jeon, H. S. Mok, G. H. Choe, D. K. Kim and
J. S. Ryu, A new simulation model of BLDC
motor with real back EMF waveform, IEEE CNF.
on Computer and Power Electronics, 2000.
COMPEL 2000. Pp.217- 220, July 2000.
[5] Padmaraja Yedamale, Brushless DC (BLDC)
Motor Fundamentals, Microchip Technology Inc.
2003.
[6] Ayetul Gelen, Saffet Asyasun, Realization of
Power Electronic Converter Based DC Motor
Speed Control Method Using MATLAB/Simulink,
International Journal of Engineering Education,
Vol.25,pp. 33-41,2009.
Pramod Pal is an M.Tech Scholar in
Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology Bhopal (M.P). He has done
his Bachelor of engineering from Medicaps Institute of Technology and
Management Indore.
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