Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

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AP B 1993 MC 58
001 10.0 points
Consider the following:
I. the speed of the source;
II. the loudness of the sound;
III. the speed of the observer.
In the Doppler effect for sound waves, which
factors affect the frequency that the observer
hears?

A
At which of the labeled points will the frequency measured by a stationary observer be
greatest?
1. D

1. I only

2. It will be the same for all four points.

2. III only

3. C

3. All are true.

4. A

4. None is true.

5. B correct

5. I and II only
6. I and III only correct
7. II only
8. II and III only

Explanation:
In the Doppler effect of sound waves, both
the speed of the source and the speed of the
observer affect the frequency that the observer
hears. (The directions of the movement are
factors, too.)
On the other hand, the loudness of the
sound (the intensity of the sound wave) is
irrelevant.
AP B 1998 MC 49
002 10.0 points
A small vibrating object on the surface of a
ripple tank is the source of waves of frequency
20 Hz and speed 60 cm/s. The source S is
moving to the right with speed 20 cm/s, as
shown.

Explanation:
The Doppler effect for stationary observers
is
vsound
f =
f0 .
vsound vsource
Since the source is moving directly toward
point B, the measured frequency at point B
by a stationary observer will be greatest.
Doppler Shift of an Echo
003 10.0 points
Suppose you are at the bottom of a canyon.
You are driving toward the canyon wall at
35 m/s . A stationary siren behind you produces a sound also at the bottom of the canyon
at a frequency of 1.00 kHz.
You will pick up an echo at what approximate frequency? The speed of sound is
350 m/s .
1. 1.5 kHz
2. 0.9 kHz
3. 0.95 kHz
4. 1.1 kHz correct

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

=
4
233 m
=
4
= 58.25 m

2dmin =

5. 1.05 kHz
Explanation:
Let :

dmin
v = 35 m/s ,
cs = 350 m/s ,
f = 1 Hz .

and

The Doppler shift in frequency according

to an observer (the driver) moving toward a
stationary source (the echo from the canyon
wall) is


v

f =f 1+
c

s
35 m/s
= 1.1 Hz .
= (1 Hz) 1 +
350 m/s
Serway CP 24 09
004 10.0 points
Waves from a radio station have a wavelength
of 233 m. They travel by two paths to a
home receiver 21.4 km from the transmitters.
One path is a direct path, and the second is
by reflection from a mountain directly behind
the home receiver.
What is the minimum distance from the
mountain to the receiver that produces destructive interference at the receiver? (Assume that no phase change occurs on reflection from the mountain.)

Serway CP 24 11
005 10.0 points
A riverside warehouse has two open doors
as shown. Its interior is lined with soundabsorbing material. A boat on the river
sounds its horn. To person A the sound is loud
and clear. To person B the sound is barely
audible. Persons A and B are 2.46241 m
apart and a distance 17 m from the doors.
The principal wavelength of the sound waves
is 4.57 m.

B
A
17 m

Assuming person B is at the position of

the first minimum, determine the distance
between the doors, center to center.

Correct answer: 58.25 m.

Correct answer: 15.7752 m.

Explanation:

Explanation:

Given :

= 233 m and
L = 21.4 km .

Note that we are neglecting any phase

changes which may occur upon reflection from
the mountain. If d is the distance to the
mountain, we have a path difference of = 2d.
For destructive interference :


1
= m+

2


1

2d = m +
2

2.46241 m

Let :

y = 2.46241 m ,
L = 17 m , and
u = 4.57 m .

y
L

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

The location of A is the central maximum

u L m
=0
d

and the location of B is the first minimum

ymin =

m+

1
2

u L
2d

since m = 0. The distance between them is

u L
2d
u L
(4.57 m) (17 m)
d=
=
2y
2 (2.46241 m)

y =

= 15.7752 m .
The minimum path difference for destruc
tive interference must be .
2
p

= L + y L2 + y 2
2
= (17 m) + (2.46241 m)
q
(17 m)2 + (2.46241 m)2
= (19.4624 m) (2.46241 m)
4.57 m

= 2.285 m =
= , as expected .
2
2

Serway CP 24 29
006 10.0 points
Helium-neon laser light of wavelength 437 nm
is sent through a 0.331 mm wide single slit.
What is the width of the central maximum
on a screen 0.92 m from the slit?

We use the fact that for small .

tan sin .

y
tan = , and sin =
L
a
For small , tan = sin , so

y
= ,
L
a
and since the width x of the central maximum
is equal to 2y,
x = 2y
2L
=
a
2 (4.37 107 m) (0.92 m) 1000 mm
=

0.000331 m
1m
= 2.42924 mm .
Pattern Distance Ratio
007 10.0 points
Consider the setup of a single slit experiment
shown in the figure.
The first minimum for 470 nm light is at y1 .
The first minimum for 620 nm light is at y2 .

u L

S1

a
S2

Correct answer: 2.42924 mm.

Explanation:

What is the ratio

y2
?
y1

Correct answer: 1.31915.

Given :

= 437 nm = 4.37 107 m ,

L = 0.92 m , and
a = 0.331 mm = 0.000331 m .

Explanation:
The first minimum is at
L
y=
a

viewing
screen

ymax =

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

For the first light,
y1 =

1 L
a

For the second light,

y2 =

2 L
a

estimate the width of the car. (Taillights are

red, so use a wavelength of 650 nm.)
Correct answer: 0.222431 m.
Explanation:
The wavelength i of the light inside your
eye will be

n
6.5 107 m
=
1.6
= 4.0625 107 m .

Therefore

i =
2
y2
=
y1
1
(620 nm)
=
(470 nm)
= 1.31915 .

The Rayleighs criterion in this case is

min = 1.22

w
i
= ,
d
L

First Order Dark Band 02

008 10.0 points
Monochromatic light with a wavelength of
425 nm passes through a single slit and falls
on a screen 84 cm away. If the distance of
the first-order dark band is 0.34 cm from the
center of the pattern, what is the width of the
slit?

where d is the pupil diameter, w is the distance between the light sources (i.e. the width
of the car), and L is the distance from the car
to you. The distance L is equal to the product
of the velocity and the elapsed time:

Correct answer: 0.0105 cm.

Therefore

Explanation:
For single slit interference,

w=

=
L
w
so that

L
= 0.0105 cm
x
Dimensional analysis for w:
w=

cm nm 1 m 102 cm
= cm
cm 109 nm 1 m
Taillights Blend Together
009 10.0 points
Suppose you are standing on a straight highway and watching a car moving away from
you at 21.5 m/s. The air is perfectly clear,
and after 2.07 min you see only one taillight.
If the diameter of your pupil is 5.95 mm
and the index of refraction of your eye is 1.6,

L = vt.

1.22 v t
nd
(1.22)(650 nm)(21.5 m/s)(2.07 min)
=
(1.6)(5.95 mm)
(1.22)(6.5 107 m)(21.5 m/s)(124.2 s)
=
(1.6)(0.00595 m)
= 0.222431 m .

Binary Star System

010 10.0 points
A binary star system in the constellation
Orion has an angular separation between the
two stars of 1.6 105 rad.
If the wavelength is 364 nm, what is the
smallest diameter a telescope can have and
just resolve the two stars?
Correct answer: 2.7755 cm.
Explanation:

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

Let :

= 1.6 10
= 364 nm .

3
10. I2 = I0 correct
8
Explanation:
The beam intensity after the first polarizer
is
I0
.
I1 =
2
We use the formula for the intensity of the
transmitted (polarized) light. Thus the beam
intensity after the second polarizer is

rad and

,
D

D = 1.22

= 1.22

= 1.22

102 cm
364 nm

1.6 105 rad 109 nm

I = I1 cos2
I0
cos2 (30 )
=
2
3 I0
=
8

= 2.7755 cm .
Beam Intensity
011 10.0 points
An unpolarized light beam with intensity of
I0 passes through 2 polarizers shown in the
picture.
Unpolarized
light

Polarizer
E0

Analyzer

Transmission
axis

E 0 cos

Exam Beam Intensity

012 10.0 points
An unpolarized light beam with intensity
of I0 passes through 2 polarizers shown in the
picture.
46
76

Polarized
lihgt

If = 30 ,what is the beam intensity after

the second polarizer?
1
1. I2 = I0
2
1
2. I2 = I0
8
1
3. I2 = I0
4
5
4. I2 = I0
8
9
5. I2 = I0
16
5
6. I2 = I0
16
7
7. I2 = I0
16
3
8. I2 = I0
16
1
9. I2 = I0
16

I0
I
The transmission axis of the first polarizer
is at an angle 46 with respect to vertical and
the transmission axis for the second polarizer
is at angle 76 with respect to vertical. What
is the angle the electric field of the light after it
has passed through the first polarizer? What
is the angle of the electric field of the light
after it has passed through both polarizers?
1. 76 , 76 + 46
2. 46 , 76 + 46
3. 46 , 46
4. 76 , 76 46
5. 76 , 76

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

 
1
2. I2 =
I1

6. 46 , 76 correct
2
 
1

3. I2 =
I1
7. 46 , 76 46
8
 
1

8. 76 , 46
I1 correct
4. I2 =
4
Explanation:
The polarization angles of the electric field
is the same as the transmission axis of the
polarizers, i.e. the polarizer only transmits
light with that polarization.
Three Polarizers 01
013 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider 3 polarizers #1, #2, and #3 ordered
sequentially. The incident light is unpolarized with intensity I0 . The intensities after
the light passes through the subsequent polarizers are labeled as I1 , I2 , and I3 , respectively
(see the sketch).
I0

I1

#1

I2

#2

Polarizers #1 and #3 are crossed such

that their transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. Polarizer #2 is placed
between the polarizers #1 and #3 with its
transmission axis at 60 with respect to the
transmission axis of the polarizer #1 (see the
sketch).

#1

60

5. None of these.
6. I2 = I1
 
1
I1
7. I2 =
3
Explanation:
When the light passes through the polarizer
#1 it is polarized vertically. Thus the angle
between its polarization and the orientation of
polarizer #2 is = 60 . Thus the transmitted
intensity is
I2 = I1 cos2
= I1 cos2 (60 )
1
= I1 .
4

I3

#3

#2
#3
After passing through polarizer #2 the intensity I2 (in terms of the intermediate intensity I1 ) is
 
3
I1
1. I2 =
4

When polarized light passes through a polarizer, the transmitted intensity is I2 =

I1 cos2 , where is the angle between the
polarization of the light (of I1 ) and the orienI1
tation of the polarizer #2. Thus I2 =
.
4
014 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the final intensity I3 ?
1. I3 = 0
2. I3 =
3. I3 =
4. I3 =
5. I3 =
6. I3 =
7. I3 =

1
I0
8
1
I0
4
3
I0
16
3
I0 correct
32
1
I0
16
1
I0
2

Version 001 Test 6 Wave Phenomena tubman (IBII20142015)

5
I0
32
Explanation:
After the polarizer #1
 
1
I0 .
I1 =
2
8. I3 =

After the polarizer #2

 
1
I1 .
I2 = I1 cos (60 ) =
4
2

After the polarizer #3

I3 = I2 cos2 (90 60 )
 
3
=
I2
4
  
3
1
=
I1
4
4
   
1
1
3
I0
=
4
4
2
=

3
I0 .
32