kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

This print-out should have 17 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.

1. Not enough information is provided.

2. 46.6667 Hz
3. 140 Hz

001 10.0 points

When a tuning fork of frequency 231 Hz vibrates beside a piano string, beats are heard.
The string is tightened slightly and the beats
go away.
What was the original frequency of the
string?

4. 280 Hz
5. 210 Hz
6. 70 Hz correct
7. 656.25 Hz

1. 231 Hz
8. 35 Hz
2. greater than 231 Hz
9. Zero, since hot air damps out the sound.
3. less than 231 Hz correct
Explanation:
It was less than 231 Hz. Tightening the
string increased the frequency of the string,
which brought it into tune with the tuning
fork.
002 10.0 points
A famous physics classroom demonstration
usually called the Hooter is a tube open at
both ends, with hot air from a heated metal
screen rushing through it. The purpose of the
hot air is to provide a hissing noise with a
broad range of frequencies, one of which will
correspond to the fundamental frequency of
the tube. Suppose that the tube is 2.5 m long
and that the speed of sound in the tube is
350 m/s. Consider a sketch of the resulting
pressure wave p(y, t) in the tube.

10. 1093.75 Hz
Explanation:
For this mode, the length of the tube corre1
sponds to of a full wave cycle, so 2 L = .
2
vs = f
vs
350 m/s
vs
=
=
= 70 Hz .
f=

2L
2(2.5 m)
003 10.0 points
A simple harmonic oscillator has amplitude
0.95 m and period 2.5 sec.
What is the maximum acceleration?
1. 3.00036 m/s2
2. 0.38 m/s2
3. 0.152 m/s2
4. 6.00072 m/s2 correct

p(y, t)

L
5. 0.955044 m/s2
6. 15.0018 m/s2
Explanation:

What is the fundamental frequency of the

standing sound wave in the tube?

Let :

A = 0.95 m and
T = 2.5 sec .

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

For a simple harmonic oscillator, the displacement is


2
x = A cos
t+ ,
T
so the acceleration is
 2


d2 x
2
2
a = 2 = A
t+ .
cos
dt
T
T
Since 1 < cos < 1, the maximum acceleration is
4 2 A
Amax =
T2
4 2 (0.95 m)
=
(2.5 sec)2

005 10.0 points

Suppose that a volleyball A and a bowling
ball B are completely submerged in water and
have the same volume, as in the figure. (Of
course, you would have to hold the volleyball
beneath the water to keep it from popping up
to the surface.)

= 6.00072 m/s2 .
Which feels a greater buoyant force?
004 10.0 points
A helicopter drops a paratrooper carrying
a siren that emits a 892 Hz audible signal.
The microphone (reciever) on the plane monitors the signal from the transmitter as the
paratrooper falls.
If the perceived frequency becomes constant at 417 Hz, what is the terminal speed
of the paratrooper? Assume the paratrooper
always remains below the helicopter and the
velocity of sound in air is 343 m/s .
Correct answer: 390.707 m/s.
Explanation:
Let :

f = 892 Hz ,
f1 = 417 Hz , and
va = 343 m/s .

Because the paratrooper is moving away from

the helicopter,
f1 = f

va
va + vs

f1 (va + vs ) = f va


f
vs =
1 va
f1


892 Hz
1 (343 m/s)
=
417 Hz
= 390.707 m/s .

1. bowling ball B
2. volleyball A
3. They feel the same buoyant force. correct
4. Unable to determine
Explanation:
They feel the same buoyant force because
they displace the same amount of water.
006 10.0 points
An ocean wave travels 15.7 m in 5.3 s. The
distance between two consecutive wave crests
is 6 m.
What is the frequency of the wave?
Correct answer: 0.493711 Hz.
Explanation:

Let : d = 15.7 m ,
t = 5.3 s , and
= 6 m.

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

Since the wave travels d meters in t seconds,
d
its velocity is v = , and
t
v=f
d
=f
t
d
15.7 m
f=
=
= 0.493711 Hz .
t
(5.3 s) (6 m)

Thus the planets surface gravity is

g=

4 n2 2
= 12.8192 m/s2 .
t2

008 10.0 points

An incompressible fluid is flowing through a
horizontal tube which, at some point has a
constriction such that the area of the tube
becomes much smaller.

keywords:
007 10.0 points
Having landed on a newly discovered planet,
an astronaut sets up a simple pendulum of
length 1.85 m and finds that it makes 168
complete oscillations in 401 s. The amplitude
of the oscillations is very small compared to
the pendulums length.
What is the gravitational acceleration on
the surface of this planet?
Correct answer: 12.8192 m/s2 .
Explanation:
Basic Concept A simple pendulum oscillating with small amplitude has period
s

T = 2
g
where is the pendulums length and g is the
gravitational acceleration at the pendulums
location. The pendulum in question made
n = 168 complete oscillations in time t =
t
401 s, which implies the period of T = .
n
Thus
s

t
= 2
n
g
s
t

=
2n
g

t2
=
4 n2 2
g
4 n2 2
g=
t2

How do the fluid pressure and speed of flow

compare at point B in the constricted region
to their values at point A in the normal part
of the tube?
1. Because the fluid is incompressible, the
pressure and speed of flow must be constant
throughout the tube.
2. At point A, the speed of flow is less but the
pressure is greater than at point B. correct
3. The pressure and speed of flow are both
much greater at point A than at point B.
4. The pressure and speed of flow are both
much greater at point B than at point A.
5. At point B, the speed of flow is less but
the pressure is greater than at point A.
Explanation:
Since A v = constant, the speed of flow at
point B must be much greater than at point
A. Applying Bernoullis principle,
P+

1
v 2 = constant ,
2

but the speed at point B is greater, so the

pressure at B is much less than the pressure
at A.
009

10.0 points

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

A uniform plank of length 2 L is balanced at
its center of mass. A mother with a mass of
50 kg sits at a distance L/5 from the center of
mass and is balanced with her child sitting at
the opposite end of the seesaw on the end of
the plank.
What is the mass of the child?

What does the hanging scale read? The

acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
Correct answer: 15.9019 N.
Explanation:

1. 5 kg

Let : mb
mw
ma
a
w
g

2. 10 kg correct
3. 15 kg
4. 20 kg

= 1.2 kg ,
= 2.1 kg ,
= 2 kg ,
= 5300 kg/m3 ,
= 1000 kg/m3 ,
= 9.8 m/s2 ,

and

5. 25 kg
Explanation:
Let :

m1 = 50 kg ,
r1 = L/5 , and
r2 = L ,
In order for the system to be in static equilibrium, the sum of the torques must be zero,
r1 m1 g = r2 m2 g ,
so the mass of the child
  is
r1
1
m2 =
m1 =
(50 kg) = 10 kg .
r2
5
010 10.0 points
A beaker of mass 1.2 kg containing 2.1 kg of
water rests on a scale. A 2 kg block of a metallic alloy of density 5300 kg/m3 is suspended
from a spring scale and is submerged in the
water of density 1000 kg/m3 as shown in the
figure.

The buoyant force on the metallic alloy is

the weight of the water displaced by the alloy.
ma
The volume of the alloy is given by V =
a
1
and B = w V g = w ma g , so the force
a
applied to the upper scale is
F =W B


w
= ma g ma g
a


1000 kg/m3
2
= (2 kg) (9.8 m/s ) 1
5300 kg/m3

= 15.9019 N .

011 10.0 points

The maximum speed of a mass m on an oscillating spring is vmax .
What is the speed of the mass at the instant
when the kinetic and potential energy are
equal?
1. None of these are true

2 kg

2. vmax
3. 0
4.

vmax
2

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

vmax
5. correct
2
Explanation:
For a simple harmonic oscillator,

K=

1
1
m v 2 = m [ A sin( t)]2
2
2

U=

1
1
k x2 = (m 2 ) [A cos( t)]2
2
2

Explanation:
Let :

= 7.2 cm ,
= 712 kg/m3 , and
h = 1000 kg/m3 .

Because the liquid in the U-tube is static,

the pressure exerted by the heavy liquid column of height h in the left branch of the
tube must balance the pressure exerted by
the liquid of height h poured into the right
branch, so

The energies are equal, so

1
1
m 2 A2 sin2 (t) = m 2 A2 cos2 (t)
2
2
1
sin(t) = cos(t) = .
2
and the speed of the mass at that instant is


1
1
.
|v| = A = vmax
2
2
012 10.0 points
A simple U-tube that is open at both ends is
partially filled with a heavy liquid of density
1000 kg/m3 . A liquid of density 712 kg/m3 is
then poured into one arm of the tube, forming
a column 7.2 cm in height, as shown.

7.2 cm

P0 + ( h) h g = P0 + g .



h= 1
h


712 kg/m3
= (7.2 cm) 1
1000 kg/m3
= 2.0736 cm .
013 10.0 points
A worker is standing on a scaffold supported
by a vertical rope at each end. The scaffold
weighs 192 N and is 3.35 m long.
What is the tension in the rope nearer
the 737 N worker when he stands 0.817 m
from one end? The acceleration of gravity is
9.8 m/s2 .
Correct answer: 653.26 N.

light liquid
712 kg/m3

Explanation:
Let :

heavy liquid
1000 kg/m3
What is the difference in the heights of the
two liquid surfaces?
Correct answer: 2.0736 cm.

W1 = 192 N ,
W2 = 737 N ,
= 3.35 m and
x = 0.817 m .

Set the pivot point at the end of the scaffold

which is farthest from the worker. Because
the system is in equilibrium, the total torque
is equal to zero.
 

F W2 ( x) W1
=0
2

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

6
r

x  W1
n
mg
+
F = W2 1
f=
2
2L



s
0.817 m
192 N
= (737 N) 1
+
9
(629 kg) (9.8 m/s2 )
3.35 m
2
=
2 (2 m)
0.0016 kg/m
= 653.26 N .
= 4416.32 s1 .
014 10.0 points
A 629 kg mass is hung from the end of a
string with linear density 1.6 g/m around a
small frictionless peg. A vibrator is attached
at a point near the end of the string. For
some values of the vibrators frequency and
this mass the string resonates with visible
standing waves. The vibrating length of the
string is 2 m.

015 10.0 points

A length of organ pipe is closed at one end.
If the speed of sound is 344 m/s, what
length of pipe is needed to obtain a fundamental frequency of 65 Hz?
Correct answer: 1.32308 m.
Explanation:

2m

Let : v = 344 m/s

f = 65 Hz .

= 1.6 g/m
vibrator

629 kg

What is the frequency that will produce

the standing wave shown? The acceleration
of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
Correct answer: 4416.32 Hz.
Explanation:
Let :

and

n = 9,
L = 2 m,
m = 629 kg , and
= 1.6 g/m = 0.0016 kg/m .

A standing wave with n + 1 = 10 nodes (2

at either end) in the string has a length to
n
wavelength relationship L =
.
2
2L
and FT = m g,
Since =
n
s
FT
v=f=

r
mg
2L
=
f
n

L
The frequency of the nth harmonic in an air
column is given by
fn = n

v
,
4L

where

n = 1, 3, 5, ,

n = 1 is the fundamental frequency, so

L=

v
344 m/s
=
= 1.32308 m .
4f
4 (65 Hz)

016 10.0 points

If you increase the length of a pendulum by
a factor of 9 the period T
1. increases by a factor of 9.
2. increases by a factor of 3. correct
3. remains the same.
4. increases by a factor of 6.

kim (jk36442) Practice Midterm 03 yao (58995)

5. increases by a factor of

3.

Explanation:

The period T .
017 10.0 points
A wooden block floats in a fluid of density
1045 kg/m3 with 63% of the block submerged.
What is the density of the block?
1. 1045 kg/m3
2. 658.35 kg/m3 correct
3. 246.881 kg/m3
4. 493.763 kg/m3
5. 1316.7 kg/m3
6. 329.175 kg/m3
7. 740.644 kg/m3
Explanation:
Let : f = 1045 kg/m3 and
f = 63% = 0.63 .
FB = mf g = f (0.51 Vb ) g
Wb = b Vb g ,
X

and

so

Fy = FB Wb = 0

f (0.51 Vb ) g = b Vb g

b = 0.51 f = 0.63 (1045 kg/m3 )

= 658.35 kg/m3 .