Gate

valve
Butterfly valve
Globe valve
Check valve
Pressure relief valve
Drain valve

A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve,

is a valve that opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of
the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve
is the sealing surfaces between the gate and
seats are planar, so straight-line flow of fluid
and minimum restriction is desired.

Practical applications:

They are used for regulating the flow.

They are designed for fully opened or closed
valves.
They are used for straight-line flow of fluid
and minimum flow restrictions are needed.

They need long

operation time since
setting the valve to the
fully open or closed
position requires the
handle to be turned
many times.
Good choice for on-off
service.
Bidirectional.

It is not suitable for

throttling applications
It is more subject to
seat and disk wear.

A butterfly valve is a valve which can be

used for isolating or regulating flow. The
closing mechanism takes the form of a disk.
Operation is similar to that of a ball valve,
which allows for quick shut off.It is from a
family quarter turn valve.

Used with chemical or

corrosive media.

The maintenance
costs are usually low.

Unguided disc
movement is affected
by flow turbulence.

Potential for
cavitations and
choke.

Uses:

In the pharamaceutical,chemical and food

industry a butterfly valve is used to interrupt
product flow within the process.

Globe valve is a type of valve used for

regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a
movable disk-type element and a stationary
ring seat in a generally spherical body.The
main difference between gate valve and
globe valve is that a globe valve can adjust
the flow by the percentage of opening.

Applications:

Globe valve is used to regulate the flow of

fluid.
It is not well used for full stop isolation.
It is used for throttling applications.

 Easy

to repair
Good and simple for
operation
It is uni-directional

Cost is more

 Check

valves are mechanical valves that

permit gases and liquids to flow in only one
direction, preventing process flow from
reversing.

 Unidirectional
No

need of external
force to open or
close

Hard

to determine
weather the valve is
open or closed
Difficult to assemble

 The

relief valve (RV) is a type of valve used

to control or limit the pressure in a system or
vessel which can build up by a process
upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
Thepressure is relieved by allowing the
pressurised fluid to flow from an auxiliary
passage out of the system.

 Low

Cost
Simple
No need of power
supply

High

overpressure
necessary for full lift
(100% or more in
some cases)
Set Pressure not
readily adjustable

Applications:

It is installed at the water mains.

It protects the whole installation from
problems due to excess pressure:

Noises in pipes
Water hammer
Splashes

Premature wear of household electrical

appliances and taps. These are completely
automatic.

drain valve is a mechanical device used to

release excess or unwanted quantities of
liquid or gas from a storage tank, vessel or
container. The valve is usually opened by
turning a screw or handle, although some
drain valves are automatically opened when
a set pressure or temperature is reached.
When the valve is opened, liquid or air drains
from the storage tank due to gravity or
pressure differential.

 No

skills required
for usage
Can be installed
easily
Can with stand
more pressure

Automated

drain
valves are costly
Automated drain
valves are prone to
repairs

METERS
Meters are the devices which are used to determine
the quantity of water flowing through pipes.
Meters are especially used in private building,
public building ,industries etc!!

Meters types
Meters are of two types:-

.The positive displacement type

.The velocity or inferential type

The positive or displacement type

These are generally used for small flow of
water. These are designed on the principle to
know the number of times a vessel of known
volume is fitted and emptied.

->From this the rate of flow is calculated

automatically.

->These meters are available in different

models namely rotary meter, oscillating meter

and nutating disc meter

VELOCITY OR INFERENTIAL METER

These are generally venturi or turbine.the
venturi meter consists of normal pipe to the
throat section.two vertical piezometer tubes
are provided one at the normal end and
another at the throat are inserted in the pipe.
These piezometer are connected to the
apparatus, which measures the difference in
water level. These are usually provided at the
head of main supply pipe.

Advantages n disadvantages of venturi

meters
They are cheap in cost
Loss of water is very low as compared to other
meters
They dont give accurate results

Requirements of good meter

It should record even a leak of 10lit/hour
It should measure the discharge upto 2%
accuracy
It can easily maintained and repaired
It should have screen on its inlet side,to
exclude the clay,slit,grit etc.

A fire hydrant is an active fire

protection measure, and a source of water
provided in most urban, suburban and rural
areas withmunicipal water service to
enable firefighters to tap into the municipal
water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire

The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17th

century. This was a time when firefighters responding to
a call would dig down to the wooden water mains and
hastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires. The
water would fill the hole, creating a temporary well, and
be transported from the well to the fire by bucket
brigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines. The
holes were then plugged with stoppers, normally
redwood, which over time came to be known as fire
plugs. The location of the plug would often be recorded
or marked so that it could be reused in future fires. This
is the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used for
fire hydrants today

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens

a valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on
the order of 350kPa
This user can attach this hose to a fire engine, which can use a
powerful pump to boost the water pressure and possibly split it
into multiple streams.
A user should take care not to open or close a fire hydrant too
quickly, as this can create a water hammer which can damage
nearby pipes and equipment.

 To prevent casual use or misuse, the hydrant requires

special tools to be opened, usually a large wrench with

a pentagon-shaped socket.

construction
In areas subject to freezing temperatures,

only a portion of the hydrant is above

ground. The valve is located below the frost
line and connected by a riser to the aboveground portion. A valve rod extends from
the valve up through a seal at the top of the
hydrant, where it can be operated with the
proper wrench. This design is known as a
"dry barrel" hydrant, in that the barrel, or
vertical body of the hydrant, is normally dry.

In warm areas, hydrants are used with one or more valves in the
above-ground portion. Unlike with cold-weather hydrants, it is
possible to turn the water supply on and off to each port. This
style is known as a "wet barrel" hydrant

Appearance

Hydrant in Demorest, Georgia

painted with an American
patriotic theme

Hydrant in the Philippines.

Hydrant in germany

Czech example

Hydrant in brazil

Hydrant in greece

Types of hydrants
1) flush hydrants
2)post hydrants

Flush hydrants
It is installed in

underground brick chamber

flush
With the footpath.
It is covered on the top with a
CI cover.
To locate its position even in
darkness, some distinct sign
is provided near it at the side
of the road with symbol FH
written on it

post hydrant
The barrel of the hydrant

remains projected about 6090 cms above the ground

surface
These hydrants have a long
stemwith screw and nut at the
top to regulate water
The post hydrant is connected
to the main pipe through a
branch pipe and can be
operated by a gate valve