An IntelView

By

Dr .Hugh

F.

Dr. Ronnld

Goldstein

tionally

acclaimedfor

to bring

the benefits

dentistry

to the

dental

has authored
selling

been

and

cosmetology

of the

pubtic.

He

Esthetics

textbook

and

into

lan-

for

SmUe.

guide.

aesthetic

.Ga.

has

.five
Your

reference

has practiced

in

that

Change

a conswner

He

dentistry

more

than

30

He Is aclinicalprofessorof

restorative
cal

attention

books.
a

in Atlanta

.
~ chapters

of aesthetic

tTWIS/a1ed

years.

Is intema-

two intemationaUy

Dentistry.
guages.

dentistry

College

at the Medi-

of Georgia

School

of

Dentistry
inAugusta
andadJW1Ct
clinml
professor
at Bosm
~
sity.

Dr. Ronald

w1d a specinl

denttstJy

sity

&Iro

in

the

/ectw.,,-

Dr .David

~in Atlanta

Garber

practice

Goldste/n,
clinical

Is a partner

of

and

Goldstein.

Garber.

He

Is a

professor

prosthodontics
College

at

ofGeorgia

tistJy
lecturer

of Den-

a specIal

dentistJy

University

tistry

Medical

and

in aesthetic

Emory

of

the
School

in Augusta

in aes-

at Enoy

of DenttstJy

School

at

of Den-

in Atlanta.
Drs.

have

Goldstein

and

co-authored

Bleaching
LamInate
In

and

texts

Porcelain

Veneers.
part

Doherty
tors

Garber

the

Teeth
one

of

.s interview

discuss

pattent

Dr.

.the

the

Hugh
two doc-

importance

education

and

of

high-tech

denttstJy.
How
thetic

do you

approach

Dr.

Goldsteln:

I look

dentistry

as

Total

facial

passing.
means

for

aesthetics

complete
More

ago.

I began

dissecting

ject

of aesthetic

components.
book

basis

Ing

smile

was

much

do

styling.

plastic

vital

part

areas.

be-

first

text-

Esthet-

an

a good-lookattractive
than

with

just

surgery
This
when

face
what

teeth.

cosmetology.

of the format

ics In DentistJy

Into

this

In 1976.

more
art.

sub-

(J .B. UppIncottJ

or

could

related

fact.

having

studied

the

of my

published
that

30 years

dentistry

ics In Dentistry
I knew

work
patient

than

In

the

encom-

must

satisfaction-

came

at aes-

all

everythIng

together

we

aes-

dentistry?

thetic

Goldstein

and Dr. David

Garber

CFP

his efforts

profession

best

With

Doherty.

So

haIr-

.and

other

became
of EsthetI published

DEIfI1STRY TODAY. DECEMBER 1991

on plastic
about

surgery

and

myapproach

to restorative dentistry.
The studies of one of my
mentors. Charlie Pincus from
California. also had an early inIluence on me. Charlie started
shaping the mouths of movie
stars and realized what It took to
make smiles come alJve. Drs.
John Frush and Roland Fisher
made significant progress In
describIng what made realJstlc
full denture aesthetics. They
wrote a series of articles that
revealed the major points of aesthetIcs for full-denture prosthetIcs only. So. I applied these princIples. plus others, to the fixed
dentition and made them applicable to the human dentition. I
have always practiced aesthetic
dentistry from a multI-discIplInary approach. Since my late father Dr. Irving Goldstein was
multi-talented In every aspect of
dentistry , he taught me the value
in considering every specialty to
achieve the best result.
Orthodontics always played
a major role because of my
father's
brother,
Marvin
Goldstetn. He taught me about
his specialty of orthodontics and
how Important It was to see the
adult patient from an orthodontIc and a restorative solution.

So. 30 years ago it was an eyeopening experience for me just

to see how we could work together, and we managed to create many compromised solutions
that achieved tmproved function plus aesthetics.
When Dr. David Garbercame
aboard as a team member, we
were able to go that extra step to
get greater aesthetic perfection
for the patient. In every case, we
question the patient's smile, and
we ask ourselves. .Is that the
best that smile could be. or are
we able to shape the frame better?" With David as both a
periodontist and prosthodontist,
he Instantly became a vital team
member. Now, we manage better
than ever to look at the patient
fiooman orthodontic, restorative,
and a surgical viewpoInt.
We also became better dIagnosticIans. We look at crown to
root ratio and the amount of
crown structure visible In the
patient's smile, not only functionally. but aesthetically. David
was not only able to perform
these dIfferent types of periodontal procedures. but we were also
able to vary the amount of tooth
structure by shortening or by
changing the angles and usIng
orthodontic procedures. We stop
at nothing to achieve aesthetic

perfection
rare

that

for

the

we

can.t

patient.
improve

It

Is
a

patient's appearance, and it is

because of our team approach.
Another valuable part of our
team are our chief dentallaboratory technicians. Pinhas Mar
and Mark Hamilton. We are Intimately Involved with a total team
approach to aesthetics -from
our receptionist, hygienists, assistants, and imaging technician to the treatment coordinator. Once we have decided what
we can acWevebased on what the
patient may want. we must confinn that by having our imaging
technician produce a visual result
on the computer. "No surprises" is
our best chance for success.
I am a strong advocate of
patient education. Descrlbe
the educational process for
yom new patients.
Dr, Goldstein: Patient education must begin before the
patient comes for his or her first
visit. If we are able to help a
patient becomemore knowledgeable about Ws or her problem
and the potential solutions, we
have a much easier task of case
presentation. I would go so far
as to say that having an Informed patient is one-fourth the
battle of successful results. We
accomplish this by asking the

patient
to buy a copy of
Quintessence's Change Your
Smile, We have requested various bookstores to stock this
book, SOit is convenient for patlentsto pick upacopy, Ifforany
reason they are unable to purchase tile book. the bookstore
can send it to them by mail,
Obviously, with this process you have helped the patlent develop a reeling or seUdiscovery or their situation.
Dr. Garber: Yes, we feel the
sameway because the book helps
patients view their own problems through photographs of
other patients with similar scenarios that have been successfully treated, They might see different treatment options offered,
such as bonding. crowns. or
laminates, and understand the
respectiveadvantages. disadvantages. and limitations of potentiai treatment alternatives, If
someone comes to our office and
we have to fully educate them
about laminates. we might leave
out some important feature.
which could have been a deciding factor in the patients decision-making process. This comprehensive approach is relevant.
The patient can ask pertinent
questions. so any concerns can
be answered and costly mistakes
avoided. ~gally. wearealsosatisfying our obligation for informed consent.
When patients come to the
office what further education
is offered?
Dr. Garber: Depending on
the nature of the patient's complaint. the docters or auxiliary
staff can discuss the specific
problem with the assistance of
audio-visual aids. such as computer imagIng. Our treatment
coordinatordtrects much of this.
but it usually becomes necessary to gather some diagnostic
Infonnation to determine which
treatment approaches are viable.
In this process, radiographs are
invariably first.
Berore we go any further,
let's review the high-tech advancements in radiographs
using RadioVIsioGraphy.
Dr. Garber: This is certainly
one of the more exciting developments in high-tech dentistry. xrays are taken and immediately
projected onto a 1V screen or
monitor, There is less exposure
to radiation and no waiting for

be taught that these initial proprocessing. Ills an obvious boon

cedures are an integral part of
in
restorative
dentistry.
endodontics. and implantology .
achieving their true desire. A)though many patients come into
Also. we can take the radiographs
our office knowing what they
we need when trying in a splinted
want. many have additional
metal framework or checking the
seating of an Implant abutment
problems, or the solution they
without exposing the patient to
envisioned may not really adlarger amounts of radiation. If it
dress their real concern. It Is
is incorrect. we can take a secnecessaryfor us to interpret what
ond RadioVisiOGraph toconfinn
they're telling us, and underwithout compromistng the paVofce.acttvated
periDdontalcha11~, enhancespatient co~unication.
stand their need,
tient. It helps alleviate patients.
For t'xwnplt' .the teeth may lJe
concerns abou t exposure to what
short and wide, and t'looinl( th('
needror slerility. With this type or
or need. Soft tissue management
they might deem unnecessary
space may only exacertJatetile
equipment. there is no excusenot
is phaseone of their treatment. We
radiation. RadioVisioGraphy Is
problem. They nlay nero a surgito do a comprehensivecharting.
think In terms of treatment phases
beneficial because conventional
('al procroure to removethe exces' For the firsl time weare getting the
and don't think In terms of A to z.
X-rays are equivalent to about
sive ~um tissue. makin~ tile teeth routine baselinedala on all or our
Wehave phaseone. phase twoand
24 RadioVisioGraphs.
lonl?;erand chmll(inl( l!le silhollphase three.
patients
We have found the tntraoral
ctte roml rrornshort mld S(luart'10
We are also able to procure
Phaseone is soft tissue mancamera is enonnously helpful in
long and ovoid. If the patient goes sequential petiodontal readIngs agement, treatment splinting In
showing patients any defects tn
periodontal therapy, or orthodonU1rough the process of learning
foUowinginttial therapyandsurgi.
existing restorations. I don.t
fi-ornthe book, ChangeYourSmile, ca1treatment.Itgives us theabl11ty tics, It could also be refen-al to
know a better way to document
or computer inlagil1g, he or she to seeand compare aUthe data on different specialties.
microcracks. But the real value
Phase two is a re-evaluation.
begins to w1derstand that closing the same chart in different colo",
in this case is betngable to phoa gap may not improve the smIle, with indlcationsof any subsequent In this phase we can give the
tograph the diagonal and horipatient a final idea of what they
which is what the patient wanted. breakdown. Bleeding or pus
7.Ontal n1icrocracks for the tnmay want. or what they may ultIObviously, the patient wollld like points are seen by the patients
surance company.
mately need. -nus is where we
to see the space closed, but he or diagrammatically and graphiThis is one reason we tnshe might also ask if there isanycally. The patient. while going bring In computer imaging for a
stalled the Fuji Dentacam systhing elsethat could bedoneabout
through the process with us.
second time. If you let the patient
tem. I really like the large 6-bya "gummy" smIleor if we could also becomes more exctted about the visualize how he or she can look.
8-tnch printout picture. We can
then the patient can feel comfolimake the teeth longer and a dIJfer- whole concept. They are fascibreak up the tndividual tooth
nated as we start talking to a able about the fact that you underenl shape.
photos into one. three. four. or
machine. and it answers!
stand how they wish to look. Now
Before we go any further,
ntne per print. It also allows us
Our patient home care com- is when you Cal1explain the dilferten me more about this exciting
to input a great deal of tnfonnapliance has improved exponen- ent modalities of treatment and
high-tech piece of equipment
tion on the printout concerning
tiaUYbecause of the visual regIs- what it will lake to accomplish
that I have seen in your office the patient's conditions and our
tration of where the problem areas your l-esull. We tnfoml the patient
the voice-activated charting
proposed treatment plan. It
are and the fact that they take
that it may lake three months to
system. What value has it
makes it nice for the patient to
home a chart and concentrate
complete surgery and healing bebrought your office?
be able to take this photo home
on the exact areas. It improves
fore we can go Into the next phase.
Dr. Garl>er:Currently. we arc
to their spouse or to show their
the dental IQ of patients be- It may lake olihodontics or difusin~
a
uniquc
probing
system
fliends We can then send ancause they now can see and
ferent specialties. We lhlnk it is
(Victor) thaI allows us to do a comunderstand their condition.
otherprinttothetnsurancecomso imporlanl at this poinllo let
plete periodontal charting of pa.
pany. or even keep one tn the
On recall. You can show them the patients kl1OWhow they may
lirnts This voice.aetivateddiag.
folder for later reference tn cona foUow-upchart on how they have eventually look. Now it is a realnostie system allows us 10deterversing with the patient. I preimproved.With thevoice-activated ity for lhem, but we give them
mine whether there arc problems
dict every office will eventually
charting system. we have some more than hope -we give them
wilh Ihe patienl's temporomanhave this new technology as part
definitive data to feedback to the the pnntout
photograph
from
dibular joint, or if there is possible patient which research studies
or their routine diagnosis.
our imaging compuler.
dysfunction due to soft tissue
What is next in your
show improves maintenance
Has computer
imaging enpractice's new patient orlenproblems
compliance and health. A com- hanced treatment
acceptance
tation?
Vlelor hasensuredthat all our
parative bleeding index can also In your practice?
Dr. Garber:The patient may
patients havc dcrinilive, precisely
be rapidiy tabulated.
Dr. Galber: Computer imagget channeled to a hygienist if
doeumenlcd cxaminalions and
Therapy with the hygienist
Ing has created a major boon In
they need soft tissue or full perilrealment plans.Instcador wailing
Is your first consideration. Have our practice fi"om the slal1dpolnl
odontal care. We always like to
lor an auxiliary to write down whal
you made any recommendations
of treatment acceptance R~nlisls
see the patients at presentatiOn
you.rc charling, or trying to do il
to the patient at this point?
previously had no way of telling
before any treatment is done.
yourselfand breaking the sterility
Dr. Goldstein: Yes. we have. patients what it is that we intendThis allows uS to gauge the dechain by picking up a pencil or
Otherwise [ think we would lose ed to do for them Computer imag.
touching Ihe palient's folder, you !
gree of home care as indtcated
the patient. Patients usuaUycome ing makes it all the more tangible.
by the plaque calculus and other
ran simply lalk into a microphonc
Now patients can see exactly what
to us with an aesthetic complaint
deblis present. It mayor may
not have initiated an inllammatory response. and this gives us
ly slored. recorded. and printed
some idea of the patient"s susoul in a mulli-colored rormat on
ceptibility to the disease proboth a monitor and on paper. It
cess.Wecan then dtrect them tnto
has the ability to describe and
an appropliate soft tissue prorecord the existing restoralions in
gram rang1ngti-om a simple prothe palient's moulh In addilion to
phylaxis to six appotntments 01 delailed examination
of the
root planing. ThIs gives us time to periodontium and a TMJ exam- in.
assess the patient"s compliance alion. We have found that less i
and attitude beforeembarktng on
than 15 percent of the denlislsin
i
more tnvolved restorative or peIithe U.S. do a complete charling of
a palient's mouth. When you have
odontal procedures.
We initiate health first in our
the voice.actlvated system, you or
office. even when aesthetics may your hygienist havc the ability to
be the patient"s primary conbe Ihorough, unassisled. rapidiy
Cosnwlic
~
is an 1mporIW11 elemenl of ""' aes"""ic
procfice.
cern. They do. however, have to I and without compromising the
as

is

you

all

go

recorded

through

thc

and

thcn

proccss.

graphical.

II

it is we are talking about

From another point of view. it
is exciting becauseaesthetics is so
subjective with imaging. The patient truly becomes a co-dlagnostician and a co-theraplst. olten
directing the treatment acco~
to theIr personal emotional needs.
What are some patient responses to images produced
by the computer?
Dr. Goldstein: Previously. a
patient might look at theIr smile
and say. I would like these teeth
longer: and you would say. "You
really could not tolerate a longer
tooth." With computer imaging.
we can show a longer tooth. and
the patient can see for themselves that It is not going to be an
effective result.
Best of all. we dont get in
I trouble. In the old days, If the
patient requestedlargerteeth. and
we would make them a longer
I tooth. We could lose all the in\aid
colorization or natural aesthetic
effectin the po=lain. becausethat
is wherethe incisal blend was.All of
a sudden you end up with unattractive. monochromatic teeth.
Another situation would be a
I patient with a largediastema.Many
patients have the concept that It Is
the space between theIr teeth that
Is unattractive. and as long as you
fill that space with a composite.
they would be fine. That is not
really true. because quite often
that space needs to be divided
between four teeth and not just
two, You need to create a little
more harmony and not end up
with two big fat front teeth. So.
instead of bonding two teeth. we
may laminate four or six teeth,
Golden proportion plays a role
here and our Envision computer
I has the aesthetics package built
in. so it makes the final result
automatic.
Palicnls ncvcr scethemselves
in a lateral or an obliquc view.
They nnly see themsclvcs in the
mirror. so Ihey donI realiz" lor Ihe
most thaI theIr smile exlends
beyond the canines 10Ihe second
prcmolar. and qujl" o[t"n to thc
mt'sial aspt'ct of th(' firsl molar. Ii
is nnt ulll.ommon in our a('sthetic
('ages 10 incorporalt. 10 leelh,
Compulcr imaging mak"s it easier
to explain Ihe th" patienl exaclly
why they will not gel lhe besl
resull unless 100r 121eeethare inl'iudcd. This is all possible with
jnsl a photn~raph trom Ih(' ('om.
puter imal(ing equipm('nt
Can dentists rely on showlug patients simulated photos
of the end ~t?
Me there any
pn:cautions in this regard?
Dr. G8Jber: Computer imaging gives a patient aJ1 accurate
picture of the net result. They need
to know if the picture Is theIr own
personal goal for treatment. or if
theystillhavedlfIerentideas. When
I compromises have to be Jnade.
can they accept and live with the

potential end result. or is tile "mp"

not worth it -nlere are some patients who have not liked what we
have encouraged. If we had completed therapy. they would have
been miserable. had we not haa
the computer ana stopped In time.
In years gone by, we have told
patients that they were goIng to
love the treatment. We used to
take a study model and photos
and tJy to expla!n to them what
they were goIng to look like, but
quite often the patient's perception of what we had said was quite
different to what we thought we
had been tellIng them.
We caution you that you cannot rely on computer Imaging
alone. It is a wonderful adjunct,
but not an excuse to not communicate effectively with your
patienl
So, if we rely too much on
computer imaging, we mIght go
overboard and thenby the patient may expect too much of
the dentist?
Dr, GoldsteIn: There is no
question about the fact that we
must be able to deliver what we
show the patieni, even though the
computer Imageis no guaranteeof
the patient's final result. Basically,
we are trying to refu,e and define
what the expectations of patients
are. We are makIng our best effort
to extract the patient's idea ofhow
he or she perceiveswhat they are
goIng to look like. This will Improve. The computer Imaging of
tomorrow will be three-dlmensional. We are lackIng that today,
but we have come very far fi-om
where we were when we had nothIng. It is almost as if we areemergIng fi-om the -cave man days- In
patlentcomrnlU1lcatlon.HIgh-tech
ha" helped us 10do that..
I

By Dr.

Hugh

F. Doherty,

C,FP

What has been the response

of your patients
to the laser?
Dr. Garber: The patiellts are
very excited at the collcept of
-star wars" techllolof!Y
-they
are all used to the DislleyWorldtype of laser show, The fact that
you are usilll:( a beam oflil:(ht to
cut without
actually
touchilll:(
the tissue is all illcredibly excit illl:( collcept to them, The bellefits are that the patiellts seem
to have much less post-operative paill alld discomfort,
We touched
on the role of
hygiene in the last interview.
What about maintaining
these
esthetic
restorations
you are
doing?
Dr. Garber: We have all illdividualized
regime we tailor ror
each patiellt .Our hyl:(iellists are
veJy ellthusiastic
about the results we are gettillg OIl a Ilew
prol:(ram combillilll:(
the Rotadellt plaque removal device with
the Victor Voice chartillg.
This
way patiellts are shown OIl the
TV mollitorthespecillcsites
tllat
are bleedillg areas or illlectiv..
areas alld call thell use l\leir
site-specillc Rota-delll, applying
it to one tooth at a time takin~
care of that specific area On
recall we have really seell an
ellomlous
improvement
in our
patiellts' overall home care. This
combinatioll
of the Victor Voice
charting with the Rola-dellt has
beell the bac!,bolle or 'ill excellent
soft tissue maJIagement prol:(J-aIlI

developedbyouroWIl hyl(ieneIt'aJll
of Paula Stewm1, Cindy Brooks,
l3arlJaJ1\
W'Wler. aJldGailHcytll'Ul
loimprovepatient ('omplu1ru'ewitll

seem as if dentists were not

necessary for the technique, or
for patients to even see the den
tist belore staJiin~ a treatment
I
home ('are
I on their own. Some people ~ot
Durlngyour ADA video prehurt, others spent their hardsentation you spoke about the
earned money lor produ!'ts that
"T-Scan". Tell me first of an,
either did not work, orwould not
what is it?
work on them.
Dr. Goldstein: A T -S('Wl "" a
Control ofbleachin~ belon~s
mylar-typ(' stlip in a holder (,011- with the dentist If the dentist
tainini( a multilude ofele('trOlli('
believes a patiF.'t should have
strain i(aul(es When lh(' patient
an in-office or an entire treat
bites on this, the infol111aliOllis ment performed throul(h home
transmilled toa (,Ompuler,where or matrix bleachin~, then it is
it is ('ollaled and eval(lal('d io considered dentist-monitored
I(ive a dial(ramm"ti(' represent"
bleachin~, and that's where the
lion on " TV mOllitor of th('
decision makin~and treatment
patienls teeth and O('rlus"l ('onplanninl( for bleachil1~ belon~s
ta('ts. The innovative ('hanl(e is -in
the dental office
thaI not OIlly do you rei(istt'r
However, we predict that
o('('lusal ('Ollta('ls, 1)111
also the
more and more dentists will 1(0
m"I(!litude of the ('onta('l. and if back to "jn-office" bleachil1l(.
desired. even Ihe lime of the which we found was the best.
contact.
especially when combined with
Also, you get a printout
home or ma1rix bleachin~.
that can be stored in the paThis combination-bleachlient.s chart. Since we are a
in~ device is an enormous help
computer-driven office. the Tto simplify the inoffic!! bleachScan can easily be incor.
in~ procedure, We suggest
porated
into
whatever
starting the patient off with
operatory you need. without
this treatment and then folhaving to have separate
lowing up with approximately
monitors
or
additional
three weeks of a one- to tWOfrcestanding equipment
hour home matrix technique
HrYWdo patients react to it?
per day, We then like to moniDr. Goldstein: One of its
tor the patient following this,
best uses is to let patients see in and, if necessary, supply a sec"third-dimension- exactly how ond in-office bleaching treat
they are chewing, It is usually
ment, In most cases, this will
the first time a patient develops give the optimal bleaching
an understanding of how they
therapy required.
chew and how important a harWhat about the teeth that
monious occlusion really is.
are too dark to bleach, or
Is your practice involved
even if you try and fail at
in implants? And where do
bleaching, what do you tell
you see this modality fitting
the patient?
into aesthetic dentistry?
Dr. Garber: If we tl,ink the
Dr. Garber: Yes, we surgiteeth are too dark to obtatn an
cally place and restore root form
acceptable
result through I
implants in the office. We have bleaching, then we advise the
recently had a new surgical suite
patient to consider laminatin~
built to provide more complete
with porcelain This is more preasepsis during our surgical prodictable than direct veneerin~
cedures.
with composite
resin, as
I know that bleaching has
opaquing with the fine ~rain cebeen an important
part of
ramics is so much more predicl your practice for over 30
able than tryin~ to do i( in comyears, What role do you think
posite. In the same thickness of
the FDA will play in changing
material you can accomplish so
both patient and dentist atmuch more in porcelain than in
titudes toward bleaching?
composite.
Dr. Goldstein: In the first
Is there anything else you'd
place. I think the FDA in a
like to add to the various instrange way may have done
struments that will be making
some service to the profession
up modern high-tech offices?
-ifno
more than to bring the
Dr. Goldstein: Perhaps (he
subject of bleaching back into
most impol-tanl concept is ye( to
the office, It was getting out of
be fully discussed, and that is
hand,
Drugstores
across
there are humans operating and
America were carrying all sorts
maintaining each of [he meof bleaching kits -making
it
chanical devices and equipmenl

we've talked aboul

These people are the valuabl(' members
of our staff. 11
takes a ('ommilmenl
for not only
the doctors. but ea(.h and every
member ofour slaff. lo help us
obtain our practi(.e I.(oals.
We believe we are lu('kyea(.h
day lhat we I.(el up and are able
towork ina hcallh prolessionwc
really love The samc has to be
true with our partners and cvery
member ofourslaff.
Unless they
have the same desire and ('ommilmen!, lhcy'll probably bc unhappy in our OmC(', or indeed in
our prolession -and
would be
better off elsewhere.
DuringlheyearsI
have been
lcaching,
I have met some Incredible slaff members Irom all
over the world, working for do('tors who were fortunate lo have
such dedicated team players. I
quickly learned to appreciate that
just having them in our profes
sion was lucky for all of us, not
to mention all the patients. So,
regardless of how "high" or slick
the new technology becomes, it
will never replace the dedication
and skill required by our leam
members. Inslead, it will excite
them and all of us even more.
Frankly, tcan'twail
!oseewhal's
going to come oul of the minds of
the next generation
of brigh!
young students!
I predict
that
highlcchnology
developments
will
increase in the next century to
!he point that dentistry's
image will change in our patient's
cyes.
We will
continue
to
becomc one of the professions
patients will look lo, not just
for relief of discom!ort.
but to
help orchestra!e
their
well,
being and overall
cosmetic
appearance.
The technology aJ1d requirements lor such roles will make
the dentists
of the future
uniquely
prepared
to provide
such seIvices. I would love to see
lhedaywhen
my grandchildren,
and especially great -grandchildren, become the key providers
of lhelr patients. total welfare in
ways we can only dream of
today..

These excerpts from an interview with Drs. Goldstein and

Garber are reprinted with permission of Dentistry Today.