Complete Business Ethics Final - Doc Aditi

Hindustan Machine Tools,Limited
1953:- HMT was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a
machine
tool
manufacturing
company.
The
products
are:watches,tractors, printing machinery, metal forming presses, plastic processing

machinery,Some
of
the
trade
names
of
the
watches
manufactured
areJanata,Sona,Jawhar, Automatic Day and Date,Chinar,Rakhee,.The Machine Tool

Division at HMT Bangalore, was the oldest manufacturing unit of the
Company and
the product lines consist of 16 types of metal working machines.
1961 :-The Watch Factory at Bangalore had this operating divisionThe Watch
Factory Division: set up during the year, this Division started with manufacture of hand
winding watches. A new plant was set up to manufacture self-winding watchesThe
Watch Factory at Srinagar was set up for the manufacture of 3 lakh hand winding
watches.
1963:- The HMT, in Pinjore have two operating divisions attached to it

Machine Tool Division, Tractor Divisions.
1964 :-The Two operating divisions attached to HMT, Kalamassery,

The Machine Tool Division,The Printing Machine Division
1965 :-The HMT at Hyderabad had 3 operating divisions,

The MachineToolDivision,The Press Division,The Lamp
1975 The HMT at Ajmer was set up by the Govt. of India as the unit
of
Machine Tool Corporation of India, Ltd. with effect from 1stApril, the unit was
merged with
2
1971:-In this year the company was converted into public sector
undertaking
COMPANY PROFILE
Type
:Public Sector Undertaking
Founded
:1953
Headquarter
:Bangalore
Key People
:A.V. Kamat (Chairman and Managing Director)
Products
:Machine Tools, Tractors, Watches
COSMO FERRITES LIMITED

Year of Establishment:-1986
Cosmo Ferrites limited founded in 1986 by promoters with over five decades of
standing in the Indian Industry, is today the leading manufacturer in India. The
Company has its unit operating in the foothills of the Himalayas at a distance of 300
kms. from Delhi.
The company places overriding value on developing close and long lasting
relationships with its customers.
COSMO FERRITES has a leading position in the indian market. The exports of Soft
Ferrites from India in 1988 and has been the leading exporter since then. More than
70% of production is exported to U.S.A., Western Europe and East
Business type: Exporter & Manufacturer

70% of products are exported.
In-House material development and tool designing.
Primary competitive features:
Quality, Delivery, Economy

Customized Products
In-House material development
Tool designing
No of engineers.
There are 60 engineers working in an organisation.
No of R&D staff and Employees

There are 10 employees working in R&D Department.
There are more than 300 employees working in an organization.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Literature survey is the way to express background of ideas that come to the mind during the
research formulation. I asked various employees of the company about the new technological
initiatives taken by the company.
The project being conducted was Buisness ethics . Once the problem is formulated, the
researcher undertakes an extensive literature review connected with the problem.
Conceptual literature:Conceptual literature is that which relates with concepts and theories. Help from different
books should be taken for different concepts and theories.
Empirical literature:Empirical literature consists of study made by other in same field. The published data in
newspapers, books, & magazines available for discussion with people of organization
BOOKS
Kothari C.R., Research Methodology, Wishawab
Parkashan, 2nd edition. From this
book I have taken concept of training.

Heinemann G. Herbert, Personnel HR Management, 4th edition From this book I have
taken need for training.
Monopod, A$ Saiyadain M. I Personnel Management. 2nd, New Delhi Tate Mc - Grow
Hill, 1966. From this book I have taken importance of training.
Guy, V$ Mattock J. The New International Manger From this book I have taken
benefits of training to employees.
Beardwell, Ian and len Helden, Human Resource Management, Macmillan, New Delhi
199 From this book I have taken benefits of ethics to employees.
5
Beumont, P.B., Human Resource Management: Key concept and skills, Sage, New
Delhi, 2001 From this book I have taken types of ethics .
Bass, B..M. and V.A. Vaughan, Training in industry- the management of learning,
systematic approach to training. From this book I have taken ethics techniques.
Chatterjee, N.N. Management of Personnel in India Enterprises, Allied Book Agency,
New Delhi,1978 From this book I have taken benefits of role play as a ethics
technique.
Cuming, Maurice W., Theory and practice in personnel management, Heinemann,
London, 1968 From this book I have taken valuable tips for effective mentoring
technique.
Aggarwal, D.V. (1984), Management, Principles, Practices and Techniques, New
Delhi: Deep & Deep. Publican From this book I have taken training technique.
Beach, Dales S. (1975), The personnel management of people at work, New York:
Macmillian Publishing Co. From this book I have taken H.R.Personnel department
function.
Flippo, Edwin B. (1983), Personnel Management, New York: Mcgraw Hills From
this book I have taken concept of training.
Jucius, Michael J. (1978), Personnel Management, Mumbai: D.B, Tara Porevala Sons
& Co. Pvt. Ltd. From this book I have taken need for training.
Killian, Ray A. (1976), Human Resource Management, New York: American
Management Association From this book I have taken importance of training.
Memorial, C.B. (1980), Personnel Management, Mumbai, Himalaya, Publishing
House. . From this book I have taken H.R. Personnel department function.
6
Websites:All the information regarding the organization overview is taken from the
unit of
HMT and COSMO FERTILIZERS from these sites namly

From these sites, I have taken the companys profile
www.hmt.com
www.domaintools.com
www.xomreviews.com
www.www.siteadvisor.com/sites
www.thehindubusinessline
www.cosmoferrites.com
The information of the project is taken from these sites
www.worksafe.bc.com From this site I have taken training techniques.
www.labour.nic.in From this site I have taken need for training
www.labour.gov.in From this site I have taken importance of training.
www.hindu.com From this site I have taken benefits of training.
www.wallaceFoundation.org From this site I have taken valuable tips for effective
mentoring techniques.
www.punjabnewsline.com From this site I have taken training techniques.
www.energymanaqgertraining.com From this site I have taken concept of training.
BUSINESS ETHICS
The saying work is worship is one which attaches value as well as
morality to our work. Every organization demands a set of values and accepted
behavior from its employees rightly termed as work ethics. Being respectable entities,
8
every human needs to follow certain defined social as well as moral roles so as to
succeed not only on professional , but also on moral ones.
Given below are such work ethics which need to be followed by every
employee.
If you follow certain work ethics, then you increase your chances for
better positions and success in life.
Every employer needs an employee who is hard working and

intelligent along with having proper work ethics.
Dont adopt it only as appearances for better positions, but embrace

them so that they become ethical and a part of you.
Proper work ethics include moral qualities of honesty and integrity.
You need to follow and perform your job with utmost honesty. Try making
your profession your passion and youll enjoy your job even better. You need to
display proper work habits which include discipline, dressing and most importantly,
communicating with seniors as well as juniors. A professional man is one who
respects his seniors and guides his juniors rather than just bossing around.
Humility and humbleness are amongst the prime requirements of good work ethics as
no employer would like to have an employee who has negativity and negative work
qualities. You need to have the qualities of becoming an efficient team leader as well as
the ability to work in team. These are some of the most common work ethics desired in
every company.
But the questions arises in mind are: Is it possible for an individual with strong moral values to make ethically
questionable decisions in a business setting?
What affects a person's to make either ethical or unethical decisions in a

business organization?
There appear to be two general sets of factors that influence the standards of
behavior in an organization: Individual factors :Several individual factors influence the level of ethical
behavior in an organization. An individual's knowledge level regarding an issue can
help to determine ethical behavior. A decision maker with a greater amount of
knowledge regarding an object or situation may take steps to avoid ethical
problems, whereas a less-informed person may unknowingly take action that leads
to an ethical conflict. One's moral values and central, value-related attitudes clearly
influence his or her business behavior. Most people join organizations to
accomplish personal goals. The types of personal goals an individual aspires to and
the manner in which these goals are pursued have significant impact on that
individual's behavior in an organization
Opportunity. :Opportunity refers to the amount of freedom an organization
gives an employee to behave ethically if he or she makes that choice. In some
organizations, certain company policies and procedures reduce the opportunity to
be unethical
Forms of ethics :1. Applied ethics:10
Business ethics is a field of ethics that deals with ethical questions in

many fields such as medical, technical, legal and business ethics.
2. Business ethics:Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical

principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.
Business Ethics is the application of Ethical values to the business world. It applies
to any and all aspects of business conduct. Business ethics is relevant to the
conduct of individuals and also relevant to the conduct of the business
organizations as a whole. In the increasingly marketplaces of the 21st century, the
demand for more ethical business processes and actions is increasing. Simultaneously,
pressure is applied on industry to improve business ethics through new public initiatives
and laws .
OVERVIEW OF ISSUES
IN
BUSINESS ETHICS
11
General business ethics:-
1.
2.
The ethical rights and duties existing between companies and society.
Ethical issues concerning relations between different companies
Law reform, such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate.
The misuse of corporate ethics policies as marketing instruments.
THEORETICAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS ETHICS
Business ethics can be examined from various

perspectives, including the the employee,enterprise, and society as a whole. The
situations arise in which there is conflict between one or more of the parties,
such that the interest of one party is different to the other(s). For example, a
particular outcome might be good for the employee, whereas, it would be bad for
the company, society, or vice versa. Some ethicists see the principal role of
ethics as conflicting .
3. Ethics of human resource management

The ethics of human resource management (HRM) covers those
ethical issues arising around the employer-employee relationship, such as the rights
and duties owed between employer and employee.
12
Discrimination on the bases of age , gender, religion, disabilities, weight and

attractiveness.
Issues arising while there is relationships between employers and employees.
Issues affecting the privacy of the employee:drug testing.
Issues affecting the privacy of the employer: whistle-blowing.
Issues relating to the balance of power between employer and employee:
Occupational safety and health.
All of the above are also related to the hiring and firing of employees. A employee
or future employee can not be hired or fired based on age, gender, religion, or any
other disciminatory act..
3. International business ethics

Many new issues arose out of the international business.
Theoretical issues:- such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more
emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and
subfields include:
Traditions in different countries.
Varying global standards - e.g. the use of child labor.
13
BUSINESS ETHICS
IN
Different Fields
1. Corporate ethics policies
An increasing number of companies also requires employees to

attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the
company's policies, specific case studies, and legal requirements. Some companies
even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the
company's rules of conduct.
Many companies have formulated internal policies to the ethical
conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highlygeneralized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement), or they can be
more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called
ethics codes). They are generally meant to identify the company's expectations of
workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical
problems that might arise in the course of doing business. It is hoped that having
such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness.
Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that
can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct. A competitive business
environment may call for unethical behavior. Not everyone supports corporate
policies that govern ethical conduct
14
2. Officers Ethics:Ethics officers called "business conduct officers" have been appointed formally by
organizations One of the new role was a series of fraud, corruption and abuse
scandals that affect ethical business.
the Ethics & Compliance Officer Association (ECOA) -- originally the Ethics
Officer Association (EOA)-- was founded at the Center for Business Ethics as a
professional association for those responsible for managing organizations' efforts to
achieve ethical best practices. The membership grew rapidly (the ECOA now has
over 1,100 members) and was soon established as an independent organization.
The foundation for ethical behavior goes well beyond corporate culture and the
policies of any given company, for it also depends greatly upon an individual's early
moral training, the other institutions that affect an individual, the competitive
business environment the company is in and, indeed, society as a whole.
HANDLING ETHICS WITH EMPLOYEE :-How do small business owners

deal with the real world situation when employees suddenly up to their posts? This can
be troublesome to employers, because a great deal of time and expense goes into hiring
and training staff. This can be handled through investigative technique and a
willingness to communicate in a supportive way with an employee.
In every business organization, beneficial to have a designated ethics officer. It is
person's responsibly to handle communication breakdowns and unethical conduct.
When an employee gives notice that they are intending to quit their job, it would be up
to the ethics office to investigate why they are quitting and take measures to attempt to
resolve any issues surrounding that decision. Often, once the issues are resolved, the
employee determines not to quit after all and goes on to contribute a high rate of
productivity to the company
15
Work done by ethic officers: Details of the act his or her unethical behavior.
Exact time and location.
The effect those actions had on other employees, departments and all else
involved.
The ethics officer would proceed then to discover any communication breaks
that had affected the employee's state of well being and productivity. The officer
would seek to understand if the employee:
Understood company policy,requirements of his or her post.
Knew the company system for communicating with other posts and
departments.
In any area where the employee lacked information or understanding, he would
promptly be trained and upgraded. Following this basic system of handling ethics has
proven to be effective for small business owners in reducing employee attrition rates.
16
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This topic has been chosen to study the Comparative Analysis of Business Ethics In
HMT & Cosmo Ferrites.
This project has been a great learning experience for me; at the same time it gave
me enough scope to implement my ability. Full project gives an insight about the
strategies and its various aspects. All the topics have been covered in a very
systematic way. The language has been kept simple so that even a layman could
understand. The whole theoretical part is covered with relation to the project. It
helped to understand the various aspects of business ethics.
The perception of employees regarding the organizational ethics.
To study that employees of organization are aware of a written ethics policy.
The level of satisfaction of employees regarding management & other
employees ethics.
To study the balance with the needs of business with ethical issues.
To study the perception of employees regarding the organizational and
personal needs.
These factors are very important for my study .For this purpose, I have designed a
questionnaire keeping the above stated factors in mind. My questionnaire would contain
questions relating to the PERSONAL ETHICS & ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS.
17
18
Meaning of research:Research is systematized effort to gain new knowledge
Some people consider research as a movement from known to the

unknown.Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the
investigation of matter. The primary aim for applied research is discovering,
interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of
human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe.
Research can use the scientific method.
Objectives of Research:The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the
application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth
which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
Type of Research
The Research criteria I am following is Descriptive Research which
involves fact finding in nature.It includes survey and fact-finding enquiries of different
kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as
it exists at present.
I have taken data of two Organizations A structural questionnaire
was designed I have contacted the employees personally and those employees fill the
questionere & helped me to complete my research programe. 100 responded out of all
19
contacted. Few of the filled questionnaires were incomplete, so were dropped off at
time of analysis.
SAMPLING DESIGN
SAMPLE SIZE
o 100 employees from HMT& Cosmo Ferrites.
STATISTICAL TOOL
Data collection through survey was analyzed with the help of simple % Tabular
& graphic method that includes both graphs & Pie Charts.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Questionnaire
20
RESEARCH PROCESS
Formulating the Research problem
SURVEY
Preparing the research design
Determining the sample design
Collection the data
Analysis of data
21
Preparation of report
22
PERSONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT

HMT:1. Are you honest when sharing information with others?
Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Sometimes
14
Never
0%
Usually
40
Always
46
Sometimes
14%
Usually
40%
Always
46%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT :-14% of them say

they sometimes they are honest when sharing information with others, 40% of them say
23
they usually they are honest when sharing information with others, and rests 46% of
them say always they are honest when sharing information with others.
24
COSMO:1. Are you honest when sharing information with others?

Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Sometimes Usually Always

20
38
42
Never
0%
Sometimes
20%
Usually
38%
Always
42%
Never Sometimes Usually Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of COSMO:- 20% of them

say they sometimes they are honest when sharing information with others, 38% of them
say they usually they are honest when sharing information with others, and rests 42% of
them say always they are honest when sharing information with others.
25
HMT:2. Do you challenge yourself to do the right thing?

Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Sometimes
24
Never
0%
Always
42%
Usually
34
Always
42
Sometimes
24%
Usually
34%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT:- 24% of them

say sometimes challenge yourself to do the right thing, 34% of them say usually
challenge yourself to do the right thing, and rests 42% of them say always challenge
yourself to do the right thing.
26
COSMO:2. Do you challenge yourself to do the right thing?

Category
No of respondents
Never
2
Sometimes
28
Never
2%
Usually
32
Always
38
Sometimes
28%
Always
38%
Usually
32%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of COSMO:- 2% of them say

never challenge yourself to do the right things, 28% of them say sometimes challenge
yourself to do the right thing, 32% of them say usually challenge yourself to do the
right thing, and rests 38% of them say always challenge yourself to do the right
thing.
27
HMT:3. Does favoritism ever enter into your decision making?

Category
No of respondents
Never
6

14
38
42
Never
6%
Always
42%
Sometimes
14%
Usually
38%

say never for favoritism into decision making 14% of them say sometimes favoritism
into decision making , 38% of them say usually favoritism into decision making and
rests 42% of them say always favoritism into decision making.
28
COSMO:3. Does favoritism ever enter into your decision making?

Category
No of respondents
Never
8
Sometimes
20
Never
8%
Always
38%
Usually
34
Always
38
Sometimes
20%
Usually
34%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of COSMO:- 8% of them

say never for favoritism into decision making, 20% of them say sometimes for
favoritism into decision making ,34% of them say usually for favoritism into decision
making , and rests 38% of them say always for favoritism into decision making.
29
HMT:4. Do you maintain appropriate confidentiality?

Category
No of respondents
Never
4

14
34
48
Never
4%
Sometimes
14%
Always
48%
Usually
34%
Never Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT :- 4% of them say

they never maintain confidentiality, 14% of them say they sometimes maintain
confidentiality, 34% of them say they usually maintain confidentiality, and rests 48% of
them say they always maintain confidentiality.
30
COSMO:4. Do you maintain appropriate confidentiality?

Category
No of respondents
Never
2
Sometimes Usually
18
41
Always
39
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo:- 2% of them say

they never maintain confidentiality, 18% of them say they sometimes maintain
confidentiality, 41% of them say they usually maintain confidentiality, and rests 39% of
them say they always maintain confidentiality.
Never
2%
Always
39%
Sometimes
18%
Usually
41%

31
HMT:5. Do you say no to inappropriate requests?

Category
No of respondents
Never
8

22
32
38
Never
8%
Always
38%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
32%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT:- 8% of them say

they never say no to appropriate request, 22% of them say they sometimes say no
to appropriate request, 32% of them say they usually say no to appropriate request,
and rests 38% of them say always no to appropriate request.
32
COSMO:5. Do you say no to inappropriate requests?

Never
18
Do you say no to inappropriate

requests?
40
34

they never say no to appropriate request, 18% of them say they sometimes say no
to appropriate request, 40% of them say they usually say no to appropriate request,
and rests 34% of them say always no to appropriate request.
33
HMT:6. Do you balance organizational and personal needs?

Category
No of respondents
Never
6
Sometimes
22
Never
6%
Always
38%
Usually Always
34
38
Sometimes
22%
Usually
34%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

they never balance organizational and personal needs, 22% of them say they balance
organizational and personal needs , 34% of them say they usually balance
organizational and personal needs, and rests 34% of them say always balance
organizational and personal needs .
34
COSMO:6. Do you balance organizational and personal needs?

Category
No of respondents
Never
16

20
30
34
Never
16%
Always
34%
Usually
30%
Sometimes
20%

they never balance organizational and personal needs, 20% of them say they balance
organizational and personal needs , 30% of them say they usually balance
organizational and personal needs, and rests 34% of them say always balance
organizational and personal needs .
35
HMT:7. Are you able to avoid conflicts of interest?

Category
No of respondents
Never
14

20
26
40
Never
14%
Always
40%
Sometimes
20%
Usually
26%

they never able to avoid conflicts of interest, 20% of them say sometimes able to avoid
conflicts of interest , 26% of them say they usually able to avoid conflicts of interest,
and rests 40% of them say always able to avoid conflicts of interest.
36
COSMO:7. Are you able to avoid conflicts of interest?

Category
No of respondents
Never
14

22
30
34
Never
14%
Always
34%
Usually
30%
Sometimes
22%

they never able to avoid conflicts of interest, 22% of them say sometimes able to avoid
conflicts of interest , 30% of them say they usually able to avoid conflicts of interest,
and rests 34% of them say always able to avoid conflicts of interest.
37
HMT:8. Are you able to manage your personal biases?

Category
No of respondents
Never
10

22
30
38
Never
10%
Always
38%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
30%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

they never able to manage your personal biases, 22% of them say sometimes able to
manage your personal biases, 30% of them say they usually able to manage your
personal biases, and rests 38% of them say always able to manage your personal biases.
38
COSMO:8. Are you able to manage your personal biases?

Category
No of respondents
Never
22

20
26
32
Never
22%
Always
32%
Sometimes
20%
Usually
26%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo:- 22% of them

say they never able to manage your personal biases, 20% of them say sometimes able to
manage your personal biases, 26% of them say they usually able to manage your
personal biases, and rests 32% of them say always able to manage your personal biases.
39
HMT:9. Do you respect the diversity within organization?

Category
No of respondents
Never
6

10
38
46
Never
6%
Always
46%
Sometimes
10%
Usually
38%

they never respect the diversity within organization, 10% of them say sometimes
respect the diversity within organization, 38% of them say they respect the diversity
within organization, and rests 46% of them say always respect the diversity within
organization.
40
COSMO:9. Do you respect the diversity within organization?

Category
No of respondents
Never
8

22
30
40
Never
8%
Always
40%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
30%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo:- 8% of them

say they never respect the diversity within your organization, 22% of them say
sometimes respect the diversity within your organization, 30% of them say they respect
the diversity within your organization, and rests 40% of them say always respect the
diversity within your organization.
41
HMT:9. Do you utilize your authority properly?

Category
No of respondents
Never
12

22
28
38
Never
12%
Always
38%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
28%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

say they never utilize your authority properly, 22% of them say sometimes utilize your
authority properly, 28% of them say usually utilize your authority properly, and rests
38% of them say always they utilize your authority properly.
42
COSMO:10. Do you utilize your authority properly?

Category
No of respondents
Never
16

20
30
34
Never
16%
Always
34%
Usually
30%
Sometimes
20%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo:-16% of them

say they never utilize your authority properly, 20% of them say sometimes utilize your
authority properly, 30% of them say usually utilize your authority properly, and rests
34% of them say always they utilize your authority properly.
43
HMT:11. Do you follow orders regardless if they appear unethical?

Category
No of respondents
Usually
20%

38
32
20
10
Always
10%
Never
38%
Sometimes
32%

never orders regardless if they appear unethical, 32% of them say sometimes orders
regardless if they appear unethical, 20% of them say usually orders regardless if they
appear unethical, and rests 10% of them say always orders regardless if they appear
unethical.
44
COSMO:11. Do you follow orders regardless if they appear unethical?

Category
No of respondents

28
34
24
14
Always
14%
Never
28%
Usually
24%
Never
Sometimes
34%
Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of cosmo:- 28% of them say

never orders regardless if they appear unethical, 34% of them say sometimes orders
regardless if they appear unethical, 24% of them say usually orders regardless if they
appear unethical, and rests 14% of them say always orders regardless if they appear
unethical.
45
ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT

HMT:1. Does your organization maintain written ethics policy?
Category
No of respondents

0
1
22
76
Sometimes
2%
Never
0%
Usually
22%
Always
76%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

they never maintain a written ethics policy, 2% of them say they sometimes maintain a
written ethics policy, 22% of them say they usually maintain a written ethics policy, and
rests 76% of them say they always maintain a written ethics policy
46
COSMO:1. Does your organization maintain written ethics policy?

Category
No of respondents

0
12
18
70
Never
0%
Sometimes
12%
Usually
18%
Always
70%

they never maintain written ethics policy, 12% of them say they sometimes maintain
written ethics policy, 18% of them say they usually maintain written ethics policy, and
rests 70% of them say they always maintain written ethics policy.
47
HMT:2. Does your company require its employees to sign a code of conduct
statement?
Category
No of respondents

0
4
14
82
Never
0%
Sometimes
4%
Usually
14%
Always
82%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

they never company require its employees to sign a code of conduct statement, 4% of
them say they sometimes company require its employees to sign a code of conduct
statement, 14% of them say they usually company require its employees to sign a code
of conduct statement, and rests 82% of them say they always company require its
employees to sign a code of conduct statement.
48
COSMO:1. Does your company require its employees to sign a code of conduct statement?
Category
No of respondnts
Never
0
Sometimes
12
Never
0%
Usually
10
Always
78
Sometimes
12%
Usually
10%
Always
78%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo :- 0% of them say

they never, 12% of them say they sometimes, 10% of them say they usually, and rests
78% of them say they always company require its employees to sign a code of conduct
statement.
49
HMT:3. Are ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders?

Category
No of respondents
Never
2

14
30
54
Never
2%
Sometimes
14%
Usually
30%
Always
54%

they never ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, 14% of them say they
sometimes ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, 30% of them say they usually
ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, and rests 54% of them say they always
ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders
50
COSMO:3. Are ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders?

Category
No of respondents
Never
8

20
22
50
Never
8%
Always
50%
Sometimes
20%
Usually
22%

they never ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, 14% of them say they
sometimes ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, 30% of them say they usually
ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders, and rests 54% of them say they always
ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders.
51
HMT:3. Are ethical behaviors rewarded?

Category
No of respondents
Never
0

14
20
66
Never
0%
Sometimes
14%
Usually
20%
Always
66%

they never ethical behaviors rewarded, 14% of them say they sometimes ethical
behaviors rewarded, 20% of them say they usually ethical behaviors rewarded, and rests
66% of them say they always ethical behaviors rewarded.
52
COSMO:4. Are ethical behaviors rewarded?

Category
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
No of respondents
22
18
60
Never
0%
Always
60%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
18%

they never ethical behaviors rewarded, 22% of them say they sometimes ethical
behaviors rewarded, 18% of them say they usually ethical behaviors rewarded, and rests
60% of them say they always ethical behaviors rewarded
53
HMT:5. Do the leaders in your organization act ethically?

Category
No of respondents
Never
2
Always
58%
Never
2%

6
34
58
Sometimes
6%
Usually
34%

they never leaders in your organization act ethically, 6% of them say they sometimes
leaders in your organization act ethically, 34% of them say they usually leaders in your
organization act ethically, and rests 58% of them say they always leaders in your
organizationactethically.
54
COSMO:5. Do the leaders in your organization act ethically?

Category
No of respondents
Never
10
Always
46%
Never
10%
Sometimes
14
Usually
30
Always
46
Sometimes
14%
Usually
30%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo;- 10% of them say

they never leaders in your organization act ethically, 14% of them say they sometimes
leaders in your organization act ethically, 30% of them say they usually leaders in your
organization act ethically, and rests 46% of them say they always leaders in your
organization act ethically.
55
HMT:6. Are the leaders in your organization honest?

Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Never
0%

14
32
54
Sometimes
14%
Usually
32%
Always
54%

they never the leaders in your organization honest, 14% of them say they the leaders in
your organization honest, 32% of them say they usually the leaders in your organization
honest, and rests 54% of them say they always the leaders in your organization honest.
56
COSMO:6. Are the leaders in your organization honest?

Categories
No of respondents
Never
0
Never
0%
Always
50%

22
28
50
Sometimes
22%
Usually
28%

they never the leaders in your organization honest, 22% of them say they the leaders in
your organization honest, 28% of them say they usually the leaders in your organization
honest, and rests 50% of them say they always the leaders in your organization honest.
57
HMT:7. Is the behavior of your leaders consistent with the stated ethics and values of the
organization?
Categories
No of respondents
Never
4
Sometimes
18
Never
4%
Always
44%
Usually
34
Always
44
Sometimes
18%
Usually
34%

never, 18% of them say sometimes, 34% of them say they usually, and rests 44% of
them say they always the behavior of your leaders consistent with the stated ethics and
values of the organization.
58
COSMO:7. Is the behavior of your leaders consistent with the stated ethics and values of the
organization?
Category
No of respondents
Never
16
Sometimes
14
Usually
30
Always
40
Never
16%
Always
40%
Usually
30%
Sometimes
14%

never, 14% of them say, 30% of them say they usually, and rests 40% of them say they
always the behavior of your leaders consistent with the stated ethics and values of the
organization.
59
HMT:8. Do the leaders in your organization employ favoritism?

Category
No of respondents
Never
10

22
30
38
Never
10%
Always
38%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
30%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

they never the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, 22% of them say
sometimes the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, 30% of them say they
usually the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, and rests 38% of them say
they always the leaders in your organization employ favoritism.
60
COSMO:8. Do the leaders in your organization employ favoritism?

Category
No of respondents
Never
20

18
28
34
Never
20%
Always
34%
Sometimes
18%
Usually
28%

they never the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, 18% of them say
sometimes the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, 28% of them say they
usually the leaders in your organization employ favoritism, and rests 34% of them say
they always the leaders in your organization employ favoritism.
61
HMT:9. Does your organization offer training in business ethics?

Category
No of respondents

16
22
26
36

they never offer training in business ethics, 22% of them say sometimes offer training
in business ethics, 26% of them say they usually offer training in business ethics, and
rests 36% of them say they always offer training in business ethics.
62
COSMO:9. Does your organization offer training in business ethics?

Category
No of respondents

30
18
22
30
Always
30%
Never
30%
Sometimes
18%
Usually
22%

they never offer training in business ethics, 18% of them say sometimes offer training
in business ethics, 22% of them say they usually offer training in business ethics, and
rests 30% of them say they always offer training in business ethics
63
HMT:10. The leaders in your organization balance the needs of the business with ethical
issues appropriately?
Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Sometimes
20
Never
0%
Always
46
Sometimes
20%
Usually
34%
Always
46%
Never
Usually
34
Sometimes
Usually
Always
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT:- 0% of them say,

20% of them say sometimes, 34% of them say they and rests 46% of them say they
always The leaders in your organization balance the needs of the business with ethical
issues appropriately.
64
COSMO:10. The leaders in your organization balance the needs of the business with ethical
issues appropriately?
Category
No of respondents
Never
6
Sometimes
22
Never
6%
Always
42%
Usually
30
Always
42
Sometimes
22%
Usually
30%

never, 22% of them say sometimes, 30% of them say they, and rests 42% of them say
they always The leaders in your organization balance the needs of the business with
ethical issues appropriately.
65
HMT:11. Does your organization balance its short term business goals with its long
term need for success?
Category
No of respondents
Never
0
Sometimes
22
Never
0%
Usually
36
Always
42
Sometimes
22%
Always
42%
Usually
36%
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always

never , 22% of them say sometimes, 36% of them say they usually, and rests 42% of
them say they always organization balance its short term business goals with its long
term need for success.
66
COSMO:11. Does your organization balance its short term business goals with its long
term need for success?
Category
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
No of respondents
22
34
38
Never
6%
Always
38%
Sometimes
22%
Usually
34%
Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of Cosmo 0% of them say

never, 22% of them say sometimes, 36% of them say they usually, and rests 42% of
them say they always organization balance its short term business goals with its long
term need for success.
67
FINDINGS
OF
PERSONAL & ORGANISATIONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT
HMT employees are more honest in sharing information with others as compare
to Cosmo because the promotion & other schemes given to the employees
equally in each department but the schemes given in cosmo on the basis of their
work done by them.
In Cosmo employees decisions are having favoritism as compare to HMT. So the
favoritism challenge Cosmo employees to do more work for their seniors.
The HMT employees keep confidentiality in their work to rise and maintain
position but cosmo is having more favouritism.
HMT is able to avoid more conflict because conflict arises due to dissatisfaction
but employees of HMT is found much satisfied.
Cosmo employees says less no to in appropriate requests because the
management of cosmo using their authorities strictly.
HMT employees are aware about policies and code of conduct because they are
working under public firm where acts are applicable strictly
The leaders behaviour are ethical,good and deciplined behaviour is rewarded in
HMT by government. Cosmo do not pay more attention to behaviour due to
more burden of work and this shows less interaction of employees among them
during service time.
The HMT employees are given training so that the employees behave ethically
with others in an organization. But the cosmo employees are only given training
for the work. They are only given training in the form of seminars.
68
SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Employees good work ethics are eligible for better positions
and more responsibilities. Hence, it becomes important to be honest, responsible
and dependable.
Suggessions to an individual:1.
Honesty: Any job assigned to you should be done with utmost honesty..
2.
Efficiency: Efficiency is important for own growth as well as the

betterment of the company you are working with.
3.
Positive Work Habits: Coming to work late, dressing inappropriately

and shuffling jobs are considered as signs of not following good work ethics.
4.
Initiative: To be successful in whatever you do, it is important to take

initiatives.
5.
Positive Attitude: Maintaining a positive attitude at work is very

important to accomplish your tasks successfully.
6.
Teamwork: Always remember that you are a part of the team in an

organization.
Suggessions to the organization: Talk to individual employees about work ethics.

Train the employees to maintain good ethic qualities.
Keeping meetings that benefit you and the employees.
Ask about individual perceptions of work ethics.
Talk about how stealing affects all people in a company. If people are stealing
from a company, it not only beneficial for personal and organization as well.
Set work ethics rules. Be extremely clear.
69
LIMITATIONS
This study have certain limitations, so that the findings of the present study can be
perceived in their correct perspective. .The limitations are mentioned below:-
Due to lack of time constraint and lack of resources, the research was
concentrated to Hmt & COSMO FERRITES.
The selection of respondents was based on the convenience.
Although utmost care has been taken to get accurate results, but because of
the risk on the part of the respondents..
Since a small size was taken.

Not all the respondents were open with their view on certain questions.
The respondents might not have responded truly, as they may not
want to disclose the information for fear of administrative
70
CONCLUSION
This area of business ethics deals with the duties of a

company to ensure that products and production processes do not cause that
much harm to an organisations. but the areas that affect and harm the
organisation a lot is business ethics. Some of The ethics that affect organisations
are:These things affects Business Ethics:
Addictive and inherently dangerous products and services (e.g. tobacco, alcohol,
weapons) affect the ethics of employees.
Ethical relations between the company and the environment: pollution,carbon.
Ethical problems arising out of new technologies: genetically modified food,

mobile phone radiation and health.
Product testing ethics: animal testing, use disadvantaged groups.
The ethical behaviour between employee and employeer.

Ethics provide these qualities to employees:-
Honesty
Efficiency
Positive Work Habits.
Initiative
Positive Attitude
Teamwork
71
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mamoria, C.B.(2006), Personnel Management, Business ethics, Himalaya
Publishing.
Tripathi, P.C.(1998), Personal Management and business ethics, , Sultan Chand
And Sons,.
Sahani N.K.(2004), Management Concepts And Organisational Behaviour,
Business ethics, Kalyani Publishers,.
Gupta, Rosy(2005), Human Resource Management and Organisational
Behaviour, Ethics, Kalyani Publishers,
Internet Resources
www.Google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.careers-in-hr.com
72
QUESTIONNAIRE:This questionnaire is prepared for the purpose of the project by me Comparative

Analysis of business ethics,I assure you that information provided by you will be kept
confidential I hope that you will be provide me with the full and correct information so
that I could prepare and accurate project report.
PERSONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT:Never Sometimes Usually Always

1. Are you honest when sharing information with others?
2. Do you challenge yourself to do the right thing?
3. Does favoritism ever enter into your decision making?
4. Do you maintain appropriate confidentiality?
5. Do you say no to inappropriate requests?
6. Do you balance organizational and personal needs?
7. Are you able to avoid conflicts of interest?
8. Are you able to manage your personal biases?
9. Do you respect the diversity within your organization?
10. Do you utilize your authority properly?
11. Do you follow orders regardless if they appear unethical?
73
ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT
Never
1. Does your organization have a written ethics policy?

2. Does your company require its employees to sign a code
of conduct statement?
3. Are ethical behaviors expected out of your leaders?
4. Are ethical behaviors rewarded?
5. Do the leaders in your organization act ethically?
6. Are the leaders in your organization honest?
7. Is the behavior of your leaders consistent with the stated
ethics and values of the organization?
8. Do the leaders in your organization employ favoritism?
9. Does your organization offer training in business ethics?
PNAL ETHICS ASSESSM
10. Do the leaders in your organization balance the needs of the
business with ethical issues appropriately?

11. Does your organization balance its short term business
goals with its long term need for success?
12. Do the executives in your organization lead by example?
74

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Hindustan Machine Tools,Limited

1953:- HMT was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a

are:watches,tractors, printing machinery, metal forming presses, plastic processing

areJanata,Sona,Jawhar, Automatic Day and Date,Chinar,Rakhee,.The Machine Tool

the product lines consist of 16 types of metal working machines.

1963:- The HMT, in Pinjore have two operating divisions attached to it

1964 :-The Two operating divisions attached to HMT, Kalamassery,

1965 :-The HMT at Hyderabad had 3 operating divisions,

:Public Sector Undertaking

:A.V. Kamat (Chairman and Managing Director)

:Machine Tools, Tractors, Watches

COSMO FERRITES LIMITED

Business type: Exporter & Manufacturer

Primary competitive features:

Quality, Delivery, Economy

No of R&D staff and Employees

Parkashan, 2nd edition. From this

book I have taken concept of training.

HMT and COSMO FERTILIZERS from these sites namly

better positions and success in life.

Every employer needs an employee who is hard working and

Dont adopt it only as appearances for better positions, but embrace

Proper work ethics include moral qualities of honesty and integrity.

What affects a person's to make either ethical or unethical decisions in a

Forms of ethics :1. Applied ethics:10

Business ethics is a field of ethics that deals with ethical questions in

2. Business ethics:Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical

General business ethics:-

Ethical issues concerning relations between different companies

The misuse of corporate ethics policies as marketing instruments.

THEORETICAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS ETHICS

Business ethics can be examined from various

3. Ethics of human resource management

Discrimination on the bases of age , gender, religion, disabilities, weight and

Issues arising while there is relationships between employers and employees.

Issues affecting the privacy of the employee:drug testing.

Issues affecting the privacy of the employer: whistle-blowing.

Issues relating to the balance of power between employer and employee:

Occupational safety and health.

3. International business ethics

Traditions in different countries.

Varying global standards - e.g. the use of child labor.

An increasing number of companies also requires employees to

HANDLING ETHICS WITH EMPLOYEE :-How do small business owners

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The perception of employees regarding the organizational ethics.

To study that employees of organization are aware of a written ethics policy.

The level of satisfaction of employees regarding management & other

To study the perception of employees regarding the organizational and

Meaning of research:Research is systematized effort to gain new knowledge

Some people consider research as a movement from known to the

Objectives of Research:The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the

o 100 employees from HMT& Cosmo Ferrites.

Preparing the research design

Determining the sample design

Collection the data

PERSONAL ETHICS ASSESSMENT

Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of HMT :-14% of them say

COSMO:1. Are you honest when sharing information with others?

Sometimes Usually Always

Never Sometimes Usually Always

Interpretation: According to the graph of 50 respondents of COSMO:- 20% of them

HMT:2. Do you challenge yourself to do the right thing?