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A Pressure Vessel
The Shady Visions Sunglass Co. has asked
you to design a large cylindrical pressure
vessel to hold the toxic by-product of their
lens manufacturing process. The site is on a
bluff above the local playground.
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You then compare the principal stresses to the yield strength of the material, ys,
to insure that the material does not fail. Every thing is A-OK, so you begin pumping
the toxic goo into the vessel.
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OOPS !!!
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Uniaxial Test
Needless to say.....
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Uniaxial Limit
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General Case
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Ductile Failure
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Ductile Failure
Ductile Failure
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Ductile Failure
Ductile Failure
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Ductile Failure
Ductile Failure
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Brittle Failure
Brittle Failure
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Brittle Failure
Brittle Failure
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Ductile vs Brittle
Notice that for the ductile material, show on the left, larger strains occur
before ultimate failure. In reality this means that (a) the material has a chance
to change its shape in order to redistribute loads, and ( b) if redistributing the
loads does not prevent failure, there is often adequate visual warning (sagging
beams, etc.) before failure occurs. For these reasons, ductile failure is
preferable to brittle failure.
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failure surface
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Temperature Effects
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If we plot Mohr's
circle for pure shear....
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3D Failure Envelope
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Given
this case
of plane
willthe
the
Yielding
will
occurstrain,
when
material
yield according
the Tresca
theory?
maximum
sheartostress
reaches
that
If we
simply
plug inyielding
the values in
forasimple
1 and 2
which
caused
it would
appeartest.
that the material is safe.
tension
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Maximum
Shear
Stress
hexagon projected
down
the hydrostatic axis, 1 = 2 =
H. Tresca
3. This
means that1868
the theory predicts no change in
material response with the addition of hydrostatic stresses.
maximum
shear stress
reaches
You can confirm
this by plotting
3-D Mohr's
circle that
and
causedstress
yielding
in a simple
then increasingwhich
each principal
by a constant
value.
tension
You should observe
thattest.
the maximum shear stress does
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Previous Envelope
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3D Yield Envelope
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Recall the expression for the distortional strain energy. Note that
it is a function of the deviatoric portion of the normal stresses, s, and
the shear stresses, .
We need to express the distortional strain energy in terms of
principal stresses, so lets give ourselves some space...
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Show Tresca
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3D Yield Envelope
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A Safe Weight
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