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The1899MalolosConstitution
LACONSTITUCINDEMALOLOS

THEMALOLOSCONSTITUTION

Nosotros,losRepresentantesdel
PuebloFilipino,convocados
legtimamenteparaestablecerla
justicia,proveeraladefense
comn,promoverelbiengeneraly
asegurarlosbeneficiosdela
libertad,implorandoelauxiliodel
SoberanoLegisladordelUniverso
paraalcanzarestosfines,hemos
votado,decretadoysancionadola
siguiente:

We,theRepresentativesofthe
FilipinoPeople,legallyconvenedto
establishjustice,provideforthe
commondefense,promotethe
generalwelfareandensurethe
blessingsofliberty,imploringthe
aidoftheSovereignLawgiverofthe
Universeinordertoobtainthese
objectives,havevoted,decreedand
approvedthefollowing:

CONSTITUCINPOLTICA

POLITICALCONSTITUTION

TtuloIDelaRepblica

Title1OntheRepublic

Artculo1Laasociacinpolticadetodoslos
filipinosconstituyeunaNacincuyo
estadosedenominaRepblica
Filipina.

Article1Thepoliticalassociationofall
FilipinosconstitutesaNation,whose
StateshallbenamedthePhilippine
Republic.

Artculo2LaRepblicaFilipinaeslibree
independiente.

Article2ThePhilippineRepublicisfreeand
independent.

Artculo3Lasoberanaresideexclusivamente

Article3Sovereigntyresidesexclusivelyin

enelpueblo.

thepeople.

TitleIIDelGobierno

TitleIIOntheGovernment

Artculo4ElGobiernodelaRepblicaes
popular,representativo,alternative
yresponsableyloejercentres
poderesdistintosquesedenominan
legislativo,ejecutivoyjudicial.Nuncapodrn
reunirsedosomsde
estospoderesenunapersonao
corporacinnidepositarseel
legislativoenunsoloindividuo.

Article4TheGovernmentoftheRepublicis
popular,representative,alternative
andresponsible,andshallbedivided
amongthreedistinctpowers,which
shallbenamedlegislative,executive
andjudicial.Nevercantwoormoreofthese
powersbegiventoapersonor
corporation,norshallthepowerof
thelegislativebevestedinany
singleindividual.

TtuloIIIDelaReligin

TitleIIIOnReligion

Artculo5ElEstadoreconocelalibertade
igualdaddetodosloscultos,as
comolaseparacindelaIglesiay
delEstado.

Article5TheStaterecognizesthefreedom
andequalityofallbeliefs,aswellas
theseparationofChurchandState.

TtuloIVDelosFilipinosysus
DerechosNacionalese
Individuales

TitleIVOntheFilipinosand
theirNationalandIndividual
Rights

Artculo6

Article6

Sonfilipinos:1.Todaslaspersonasnacidasen
territoriofilipino.Unaembarcacin
conpabellnfilipinoesconsiderada
paraesteefectocomopartedel
territoriofilipino.
2.Loshijosdepadreomadre
filipinos,aunquehayannacidofuera
defilipinas.
3.Losextranjerosquehayan
obtenidocartadenaturaleza.
4.Losque,sinella,hayanganado
vecindadencualquierpueblodel
territoriofilipino.

ThefollowingareFilipinos:1.Allpersonsbornin
Philippine
territory.Anyseavesselwherethe
Philippineflagisflownisconsidered,
forthispurpose,apartofPhilippine
territory.
2.ChildrenofaFilipinofatheror
mother,eventhoughtheywereborn
outsidethePhilippines.
3.Foreignerswhohaveobtainedthe
certificateofnaturalization.
4.Thosewho,withoutsuch
certificate,haveacquireddomicilein
anytownwithinPhilippineterritory.

Seentiendeganadalavecindadcon
lapermanenciadurantedosaossin
interrupcin,enunalocalidaddel
territoriofilipino,teniendocasa
abiertaymododevivirconocidoy
contribuyendoatodaslascargasde
lanacin.
Lacalidaddefilipinosepierdecon
arregloalasleyes.

Itisunderstoodthatdomicileis
acquiredthroughanuninterrupted
residenceoftwoyearsinalocality
withinPhilippineterritory,keeping
anopenhouseandhavingaknown
occupation,andpayingallthetaxes
imposedbytheNation.
Philippinecitizenshipislostin
accordancetothelaws.

Artculo7Ningnfilipinoniextranjeropodrser
detenidonipresosinoporcausadedelitoy
conarregloalasleyes.

Article7NoFilipinoorforeignercanbedetained
orimprisonedexceptbyvirtueofacrime
andinaccordancetothelaws.

Artculo8Tododetenidoserpuestoen
libertadoentregadoalaautoridad
judicialdentrodelasveinticuatro
horassiguientesalactodela
detencin.

Article8Anydetaineeshalleitherbesetfree,or
be
giventojudicialauthoritywithinthenext
twentyfourhoursfollowingtheactof
detention.

Todadetencinsedejarsinefectoose
elevaraprisindentrodelassetentay
doshorasdehabersidoentregadoel
detenidoalJuezcompetente.

Anydetentionshalleitherberendered
withouteffect,orberaisedto
imprisonmentwithinseventytwohoursof
thedetaineebeinghandedovertoa
competentcourt.

Laprovidenciaquesedictarese
notificaralinteresadodentrodel
mismoplazo.

Theinterestedpartyshallbeduly
notifiedwithinthesameperiodof
whateverdecisionpronounced.

Artculo9Ningnfilipinopodrserpresosino
envirtuddemandamientodeJuez
competente.

Article9NoFilipinocanbeimprisonedexceptby
virtueofawarrantissuedbyacompetent
court.

Elautoporelcualsehayadictadoel
mandamientoseratificarorepondr,odo
elpresuntoreo,dentrodelassetentaydos
horassiguientesalactodelaprisin.

Theorderthroughwhichthewarranthas
beenpronouncedshallberatifiedor
revised,afterhavingheardtheaccused,
withinseventytwohoursfollowingtheact
ofimprisonment.

Artculo10Nadiepuedeentrareneldomiciliode
un
filipinooextranjeroresidenteenfilipinas
sinsuconsentimiento,exceptoenlos
casosurgentesdeincendio,inundacin,
terremotouotropeligroodeagresin
ilegtimaprocedentedeadentroopara
auxiliarapersonaquedesdeall
pidasocorro.
Fueradeestoscasos,laentradaen
domiciliodeunfilipinooextranjero
residenteenFilipinasyelregistrode
suspapelesoefectosslopodrn
decretarseporJuezcompetentey
ejecutarsededa.Elregistrodepapelesyefectos
se
verificarsiempreapresenciadel
interesadoodeunindividuodesu
familiay,ensudefecto,dedos
testigosvecinosdelmismopueblo.Sinembargo,
cuandoundelincuente
halladoinfragantiyperseguidopor
laautoridadconsusagentesse

Article10Nobodycanentertheplaceof
residenceof
anyFilipinoorforeignresidentinthe
Philippineswithouthisconsent,exceptin
urgentcasesoffire,flood,earthquakeor
anysimilardanger,orofunlawful
aggressioncomingfromwithin,orinorder
tohelpanypersonwho
thereinasksforhelp.
Otherthanthesecases,entryinto
theplaceofresidenceofanyFilipino
orforeignresidentinthePhilippines,
andsearchinghispapersoreffects
canbeorderedonlybyacompetent
courtandbeexecutedonlyin
daytime.Thesearchofpapersandeffects
shallalwaysbemadeinthe
presenceofthepersonconcernedor
anymemberofhisfamilyand,in
theirabsence,oftwowitnessesfrom
thesameneighborhood.However,shoulda
delinquent
caughtinfragantiandpursuedby

refugiareensudomicilio,podrn
stospenetrarenlsloparael
actodelaaprehensin.Siserefugiareen
domicilioajeno,
precederrequerimientoaldueode
ste.

theauthoritiesthroughtheiragents
takerefugeinhisplaceofresidence,
theseagentscanenterthereinfor
thesolepurposeofcarryingoutthe
arrest.Shouldthedelinquentseekrefugein
anotherpersonshouse,permission
mustbefirstobtainedfromits
owner.

Artculo11Ningnfilipinopodrsercompelido
amudardedomiciliooderesidencia
sinoenvirtuddesentencia
ejecutoria.

Article11NoFilipinocanbecompelledto
changehisplaceofresidenceexcept
byvirtueofanexecutoryorder.

Artculo12Enningncasopodrdetenerse,ni
abrirseporlaautoridadgubernativa
lacorrespondenciaconfiadaal
correo,nitampocodedetenersela
telegrficaotelefnica.
PeroenvirtuddeautodeJuez
competente,podrdetenerse
cualquieracorrespondenciay
tambinabrirseenpresenciadel
procesadolaquesedirijaporel
correo.

Article12Innowayshallanycorrespondence
entrustedtothepostofficeorany
messagesentthroughtelegraphor
telephonebewithheldoropenedby
governmentauthorities.
However,byvirtueofanorderfrom
acompetentcourt,a
correspondencemaybewithheld,
andwhatevermessagesentthrough
thepostalsystemmaybeopenedin
thepresenceofadefendant.

Artculo13Todoautodeprisin,deregistrode
moradaodedetencindela
correspondenciaescrita,telegrfica
otelefnicasermotivado.
Cuandoelautocarezcadeeste
requisitoocuandolosmotivosen
quesehayafundadosedeclaren,en
juicio,ilegtimosonotoriamente
insuficientes,lapersonaquehubiere
sidopresaocuyaprisinnose
hubiereratificadodentrodelplazo
sealadoenelartculo9,ocuyo
domiciliohubieresidoallanado,o
cuyacorrespondenciahubieresido
detenida,tendrderechoareclamar
lasresponsabilidadesconsiguientes.

Article13Anywarranttoarrest,tosearcha
placeofresidenceandtowithhold
written,telegraphicortelephone
correspondencemustbeduly
justified.
Shouldthewarrantlackthis
requisite,orwhenthemotiveson
whichsuchwarranthasbeenbased
aredeclaredillegalornotoriously
insufficientbyacourt,theperson
thathasbeenimprisoned,orwhose
imprisonmenthasnotbeenratified
withintheperiodrequiredinArticle
9,orwhoseplaceofresidencehas
beensearched,orwhose
correspondencehasbeenwithheld,
willhavetherighttofilefor
correspondingdamages.

Artculo14Ningnfilipinopodrserprocesado
nisentenciado,sinoporelJuezo
Tribunalaquien,envirtuddeleyes
anterioresaldelito,competasu
conocimientoyenlaformaque
stasprescriban.

Article14NoFilipinocanbeprosecutedor
sentencedexceptbythejudgeor
courtthat,byvirtueofthelaws
previoustothecrime,hasbeen
givenjurisdiction,andinthemanner
thattheselawsprescribe.

Artculo15Todapersonadetenidaopresasin
lasformalidadeslegales,fuerade
loscasosprevistosenesta
Constitucin,serpuestaenlibertad
apeticinsuyaodecualquier
filipino.
Lasleyesdeterminarnlaformade
procedersumariamenteeneste
caso,ascomolaspenaspersonales
ypecuniariasenquehayade
incurrirelqueordenare,ejecutareo
hiciereejecutarladetencino
prisinilegal.

Article15Anypersondetainedorimprisoned
withoutthelegalformalities,save
forthecasesprovidedforinthis
Constitution,willbesetfreeupon
hisownrequestorthatofany
Filipino.
Thelawsshalldeterminethe
proceedingssummarilyinthiscase,
aswellasthepersonaland
pecuniarypenaltiesthatmustbe
incurredbywhosoevershallorder,
executeorcausetoexecutethe
illegaldetentionorimprisonment.

Artculo16Nadiepodrserprivadotemporalo
perpetuamentedesusbienesy
derechos,niturbadoenlaposesin
deellossinoenvirtuddesentencia
judicial.
Losfuncionariosque,bajocualquier
pretexto,infrinjanestaprescripcin,
sernpersonalmenteresponsables
deldaocausado.

Article16Nobodyshallbedeniedofhis
propertyandrightswhether
temporarilyorpermanently,orbe
disturbedinthepossessionofthe
same,exceptbyvirtueofajudicial
sentence.
Governmentofficialswho,underany
pretext,infringethisprovisionshall
beheldpersonallyresponsiblefor
whateverdamagecaused.

Artculo17Nadiepodrserexpropiadodesus
bienes,sinoporcausadenecesidad
yutilidadcomnpreviamente
justificadasydeclaradasporla
autoridadcorrespondientemediante
indemnizacinalpropietario,con
anticipacinalaexpropiacin.

Article17Nobodyshallbeexpropriatedofhis
properties,exceptbyreasonof
commonnecessityandutility,
previouslyjustifiedanddeclaredby
theproperauthority,andthrough
indemnificationoftheownerpriorto
expropriation.

Artculo18Nadieestobligadoapagar
contribucinquenohayasido
votadaporlaAsambleaoporlas
Corporacionespopulareslegalmente
autorizadasparaimponerlaycuya
exaccinnosehagaenlaforma
prescritaporlaley.

Article18Nobodyisrequiredtopayanytax
thathasnotbeenapprovedbythe
AssemblyorbypopularCorporations
legallyauthorizedtoimposethe
same,andwhoseexactionisnot
madeintheformprescribedbylaw.

Artculo19Ningnfilipinoquesehalleenel
plenogocedesusderechoscivilesy
polticospodrserimpedidoenel
libreejerciciodelosmismos.

Article19NoFilipinowhofindshimselfinfull
enjoymentofhiscivilandpolitical
rightsshallbepreventedfromthe
freeexerciseofthesame.

Artculo20Tampocopodrserprivadoningn
filipino:
1.Delderechodeemitirlibremente
susideasyopinionesyadepalabra,
yaporescrito,valindosedela
imprentaodeotroprocedimiento

Article20NeithershallanyFilipinobedenied:
1.Oftherighttofreelyexpresshis
ideasandopinions,betheyorallyor
inwriting,throughtheuseofprint
oranyothersimilarmeans
2.Oftherightofassociationforall

semejante
2.Delderechodeasociarsepara
todoslosfinesdelavidahumana
quenoseancontrariosalamoral
pblicayporltimo
3.Delderechodedirigirpeticiones,
individualocolectivamente,alos
poderespblicosyalas
autoridades.
Elderechodepeticinnopodr
ejercerseporningunaclasede
fuerzaarmada.

purposesofhumanlifethatnot
contrarytopublicmoralsandlastly,
3.Oftherighttoaddressapetition,
whetherindividuallyorcollectively,
topublicpowersandauthorities.
Therighttopetitionshallinnoway
beexercisedbymeansofarms.

Artculo21Elejerciciodelosderechos
expresadosenelartculoanterior
estarsujetoalasdisposiciones
generalesquelosregulen.

Article21Theexerciseoftherightsprovided
forintheprecedingarticleshallbe
subjecttothegeneralregulations
thatregulatethem.

Artculo22Losdelitosquesecometancon
ocasindelejerciciodelosderechos
consignadosenestettulosern
penadosporlostribunalescon
arregloalasleyescomunes.

Article22Crimesthatarecommittedinthe
exerciseoftherightsguaranteedin
thistitleshallbepenalizedbythe
courtsinaccordancetothecommon
law.

Artculo23Todofilipinopodrfundary
mantenerestablecimientosde
instruccinodeeducacin,con
arregloalasprescripcionesquese
establezcan.Laenseanzapopularsera
obligatoriaygratuitaenlasescuelas
delaNacin.

Article23AnyFilipinocancreateandmaintain
institutionsofinstructionor
education,inaccordancewiththe
establishedprescriptions.Publicinstructionshall
beobligatory
andfreeofchargeinstateschools.

Artculo24Todoextranjeropodrestablecer
librementeenterritoriofilipino,con
sujecinalasdisposicionesque
regulenlamateria,ejercerenlsu
industriaodedicarseacualquiera
profesinparacuyodesempeono
exijanlasleyesttulosdeaptitud
expedidosporlasautoridades
nacionales.

Article24Anyforeignercanfreelyresidein
Philippineterritory,subjecttothe
dispositionsregulatingthematter,
practicehisprofessiontherein,or
engageinanyworkthatmaybe
performedwithoutthecertificatesof
aptitudeissuedbypublicauthorities
andrequiredunderthelaw.

Artculo25Aningnfilipinoqueestenel
plenogocedesusderechospoliticos
ycivilespodrimpedrselesalir
librementedelterritorionitrasladar
suresidenciayhaberesapas
extranjero,salvaslasobligaciones
decontribuiralserviciomilitaryal
mantenimientodelascargas
pblicas.

Article25AnyFilipinowhoisinthefull
enjoymentofhispoliticalandcivil
rightscannotbepreventedfrom
leavingtheterritoryfreely,norcan
hebehinderedfromtransferringhis
residenceandpropertiestoaforeign
country,exceptwhenheisrequired
torendermilitaryserviceor
maintainpubliccharges.

Artculo26Elextranjeroquenoestuviere
naturalizadonopodrejerceren
Filipinascargoalgunoquetenga
anejaautoridadojurisdiccin.

Article26Anyforeignerwhoisnotnaturalized
cannotexerciseanyofficeinthe
Philippinesthatcarriesanyauthority
orjurisdiction.

Artculo27Todofilipinoestobligadoa
defenderlaPatriaconlasarmas
cuandoseallamadoporlaley,ya
contribuiralosgastosdelEstadoen
proporcinasushaberes.

Article27EveryFilipinoisrequiredtorisein
armstodefendtheMotherland
wheneverheissummonedbythe
law,andtocontributetothe
expensesoftheStateinamanner
proportionaltohismeans.

Artculo28Laenumeracindelosderechos
consignadosenestettulonoimplica
laprohibicindecualquierotrono
consignadoexpresamente.

Article28Theenumerationoftherights
guaranteedunderthistitledoesnot
implytheprohibitionofanyother
rightnotexpresslystatedherein.

Artculo29Nosernecesarialaprevia
autorizacinparaprocesarantelos
funcionariospblicos,cualquieraque
seaeldelitoquecometieren.
Elmandatosuperiornoeximirde
responsabilidadenloscasosde
infraccinmanifiesta,claray
terminantedeunaprescripcin
constitucional.Enlasdems,solo
eximiralosagentesquenoejerzan
autoridad.

Article29Previousauthorizationshallnotbe
requiredtoprosecutepublicofficials
beforethelowercourts,whatever
theoffensetheyhavecommitted
maybe.
Asuperiorordershallnotexempta
publicofficialfromhisresponsibility
incaseswherethereisamanifest,
clearandperemptoryinfraction
againstaprovisionofthe
Constitution.Otherwise,itwillonly
exemptagentswhodonotexercise
anyauthority.

Artculo30Lasgarantasconsignadasenlos
artculos7,8,9,10y11,yprrafos
1y2del20nopodrnsuspenderse
entodalaRepblicanienpartede
ella,sinotemporalmenteypor
mediodeunaley,cuandoloexijala
seguridaddeEstadoen
circunstanciasextraordinarias.
Promulgadaaqullaenelterritorioa
queseaplicare,regirdurantela
suspensinunaleyespecial,segn
lascircunstanciasloexijan.Tantostacomo
aqullasern
votadasenlaAsambleaNacionaly
enelcasodequestaestuviese
cerrada,elGobiernoquedafacultado
paradictarla,deacuerdoconla
ComisinPermanente,sinperjuicio
deconvocaraaqullaalamayor
brevedadydarcuentadelosque
hubierahecho.Peronienunanienotraleyse

Article30TheprovisionsguaranteedinArticles
7,8,9,10and11,andParagraphs
1and2ofArticle20cannotbe
suspendedfortheentireRepublicor
foranyofitsparts,except
temporarilyandbymeansofalaw,
wheneverthesecurityoftheState
sorequiresunderextraordinary
circumstances.
Uponpromulgationofsuch
suspensionintheterritory
concerned,aspeciallawshallbe
enforcedduringtheperiodof
suspensionaccordingtowhatever
thecircumstancesrequire.Bothsuspensionand
speciallawwill
bevotedonintheNational
Assembly,andshoulditbein
recess,theGovernmentshallbe
empoweredtoenactit,inaccord
withthePermanentCommission,

podrnsuspendermsgarantas
quelasconsignadasenelprimer
prrafodeesteartculo,niautorizar
alGobiernoparaextraardelpasni
deportaraningnfilipino.
Enningncasolosjefesmilitareso
civilespodrnestablecerotra
penalidadquelaprescrita
previamenteporlaley.

withoutanyprejudicetoconvoking
theAssemblyassoonaspossible
andaccountingforwhatevermoveit
hasundertaken.However,innolawcanother
rights
besuspendedasidefromthose
providedforinthefirstparagraphof
thisarticle,norshallitauthorizethe
Governmenttoexileordeportany
Filipinofromthecountry.
Innocasecanmilitaryorcivil
officialsestablishanother
punishmentotherthanwhathas
beenpreviouslyprescribedbythe
law.

Artculo31EnlaRepblicaFilipinanadiepuede
serjuzgadoporleyesprivativasni
portribunalesespeciales.Ninguna
personanicorporacinpuedetener
fuerosnigozaremolumentosqueno
seancompensacindeunservicio
pblicoyestnfijadosporlaley.Subsiste
elfuerodeguerraymarina
solamenteparalosdelitosyfaltas
quetenganconexinntimaconla
disciplinamilitarymartima.

Article31NobodyinthePhilippineRepublic
canbebroughttotrialunder
privativelawsorinspecialcourts.
Nopersonorcorporationcanhave
privilegesorenjoyemolumentsthat
arenotobtainedascompensation
forpublicserviceanddetermined
underthelaw.Armyandnavylawsshallonlyapply
tocrimesandoffensesclosely
relatedtothemilitaryandnaval
discipline.

Artculo32Ningnfilipinopodrestablecer
mayorazgos,niinstituciones
vinculadorasdelapropiedad,ni
aceptarhonores,condecoracioneso
ttuloshonorficosydenoblezade
lasnacionesextranjerassin
autorizacindelGobierno.
Tampocopodrestablecerel
GobiernodelaRepblicalas
institucionessealadasenelprrafo
anterior,niotorgarhonores,
condecoracionesottuloshonorficos
ydenoblezaaningnfilipino.
LaNacin,sinembargo,premiar
porunaleyespecial,votadaporla
Asamblea,losservicioseminentes
queprestenlosciudadanosala
Patria.

Article32NoFilipinocanestablishmajoratsor
institutionsthatentailproperty,or
accepthonors,distinctions,honorific
titlesortitlesofnobilityfromforeign
nationswithouttheauthorizationof
theGovernment.
NeithercantheGovernmentofthe
Republicestablishtheinstitutions
aforementionedinthepreceding
paragraph,norcanitconferhonors,
distinctions,honorifictitlesortitles
ofnobilitytoanyFilipino.
TheNation,however,shallawardby
meansofaspeciallawapprovedby
theAssemblythedistinguished
servicesrenderedbyitscitizensto
theMotherland.

TtuloIVDelPoderLegislativo

TitleIVOnLegislativePower

Artculo33Elpoderlegislativoseejercerpor
una
AsociacindeRepresentantesdela

Article33Legislativepowershallbeexercisedby
an
AssemblyofRepresentativesofthe

Nacin.EstaAsambleaestarorganizadaenla
formaycondicionesdeterminadasporla
leyquealefectosedicte.

Nation.ThisAssemblyshallbeorganizedinthe
formandconditionsdeterminedbythe
lawenactedforsuchpurpose.

Artculo34LosmiembrosdelaAsamblea
representarnatodalaNacinyno
esclusivamente[sic]aloselectoresque
lesnombraron.

Article34ThemembersoftheAssemblyshall
representtheentireNation,andnotonly
thevoterswhoelectedthem.

Artculo35Ningnrepresentantepodradmitir
desuselectoresmandatoalguno
imperativo.

Article35Norepresentativecanreceiveany
imperativemandatefromhisvoters.

Artculo36LaAsambleasereunirtodoslos
aos.
CorrespondealPresidentedelaRepblica
convocarla,suspenderycerrarsussesiones
ydisolverla,deacuerdoconlamismaocon
laComisinPermanente,ensudefecto,y
dentrodelosplazoslegales.

Article36TheAssemblywillconveneeveryyear.
It
isthedutyofthePresidentofthe
Republictoconvokeit,suspendandclose
itssessions,anddissolveit,withits
concurrenceorwiththatofthePermanent
Commission,intheabsenceofthe
former,andwithintheperiodgranted
underthelaw.

Artculo37LaAsambleaestarabiertaalmenos
tresmesescadaao,sinincluiren
estetiempoelqueseinviertaensu
constitucin.ElPresidentedelaRepblicala
convocar,
amstardar,paraelda15deabril.

Article37TheAssemblyshallbeopenforatleast
threemonthsinayear,withthetime
spentinitsorganizationexcludedfrom
thisperiod.ThePresidentoftheRepublicshall
convokeitonthe15thofAprilatthelatest.

Artculo38Encasoextraordinariopodr
convocarlafueradelperodolegalde
acuerdoconlaComisin
Permanenteyprolongarla
legislaturasiemprequeelplazono
excedadeunmes,niseverifique
msdedosvecesenlamisma
legislatura.

Article38Inextraordinarycases,hecan
convokeitoutsidetheperiod
grantedunderthelaw,withthe
concurrenceofthePermanent
Commission,andextendlegislative
work,providedthattheextension
shallnotexceedtheperiodofone
monthandthatitshallnotbeheld
formorethantwicewithinthesame
legislature.

Artculo39LaAsambleaNacional,enuninde
losRepresentantesextraordinarios,
formarlasconstituyentespara
procederalareformadela
Constitucinyalaeleccindel
nuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,
convocadasconunmes,porlo
menos,deanticipacinala
terminacindelospoderesdeaqul.
Encasodemuerteodedimisindel
PresidentedelaRepblica,la
Asambleasereunirenseguidapor

Article39TheNationalAssembly,together
withextraordinaryrepresentatives,
shallformaconstituentbodyin
ordertoproceedtothereformof
theConstitutionandtheelectionof
anewPresidentoftheRepublic.It
shallbeconvenedatleastamonth
priortotheexpirationofthepowers
oftheformer.
IncasethePresidentoftheRepublic
diesorresignshisoffice,the
Assemblyshallconveneimmediately

derechopropioyainiciativadesu
PresidenteodelaComisin
Permanente.

onitsown,eitherthroughthe
initiativeofitsPresident,orthatof
thePermanentCommission.

Artculo40nterinseprocedealnombramiento
denuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,
ejercersusfuncioneselPresidente
delaCorteSupremadeJusticiaque
sersustituidoporunodelos
miembrosdeesteTribunalcon
arregloalasleyes.

Article40WhilethenewPresidentofthe
Republichasyettobenamed,his
dutiesshallbeexercisedbythe
PresidentoftheSupremeCourtof
Justice,whointurnshallbe
substitutedinhisdutiesbyoneof
themembersofthissaidtribunalin
accordancetothelaws.

Artculo41CualquierareunindelaAsamblea
queseverifiquefueradelperodode
legislaturaordinariaserilcitay
nula.Exceptanseelcasoprevisto
porelttulo39,yenelquela
AsambleaseconstituyaenTribunal
deJusticia,nopudiendoejerceren
esteltimocasootrasfuncionesque
lasjudiciales.

Article41WhatevermeetingoftheAssembly
heldoutsidetheordinaryperiodof
legislationshallbeillegalandvoid,
exceptinthecaseprovidedforin
Article39,orintheeventwhenthe
AssemblyisconvenedasaCourtof
Justice,inwhichcasenofunction
canbeexercisedotherthanits
judicialpowers.

Artculo42LassesionesdelaAsambleasern
pblicas.Sinembargopodrser
secretasapeticindeciertonmero
desusindividuos,fijadoporel
Reglamento,decidindosedespus
pormayoraabsolutadevotosdelos
miembrospresentessiladiscussion
sobreelmismoobjetohade
continuarenpblico.

Article42ThesessionsoftheAssemblyshall
bedoneinpublic.However,they
canbeheldprivatelyuponthe
requestofacertainnumberofits
membersdeterminedunderits
bylaws,withadecisionafterwards
throughanabsolutemajorityof
votesamongitsmembersin
attendanceifthediscussiononthe
samesubjectshouldcontinuein
public.

Artculo43ElPresidentedelaRepblicase
comunicarconlaAsambleapor
mediodemensajesquesernledos
enlatribunaporunSecretariodel
Gobierno.LosSecretariosdeGobiernotendrn
entradaenlaAsambleaconderecho
aqueselesconcedalapalabra,
siemprequelapidan,ypodrn
hacerserepresentarenladiscusin
deunproyectodeterminadopor
comisionadosdesignadospor
decretodelPresidentedela
Repblica.

Article43ThePresidentoftheRepublicshall
communicatewiththeAssembly
throughmessagesthatshallberead
fromthetribunebyaSecretaryof
Government.TheSecretariesofGovernmentcan
entertheAssemblywiththerightto
begiventheflooriftheysowish,
andcanberepresentedinthe
deliberationofanyparticularbillby
envoysdesignatedbydecreeofthe
PresidentoftheRepublic.

Artculo44PodrconstituirselaAsambleaen
TribunaldeJusticiaparajuzgarlos
delitoscometidoscontrala

Article44TheAssemblycanbeconvenedasa
CourtofJusticetopassjudgmenton
crimesagainstthesecurityofthe

seguridaddelEstadoporel
PresidentedelaRepblicae
individuosdelConsejodeGobierno,
porelPresidentedelaCorte
SupremadeJusticiayporel
ProcuradorGeneraldelaNacin,por
mediodeundecretodelamismao
delaComisinPermanenteensu
defecto,odelPresidentedela
Repblicaapropuestadel
ProcuradorGeneralodelConsejode
Gobierno.Lasleyesdeterminarnelmodode
procederparalaacusacin,
instruccinyremisin.

StatebythePresidentofthe
Republic,andmembersofthe
CouncilofGovernment,bythe
PresidentoftheSupremeCourtof
Justice,andbytheSolicitorGeneral
oftheNation,bymeansofadecree
issuedbytheAssemblyitself,orby
thePermanentCommissioninthe
absenceoftheformer,orbythe
PresidentoftheRepublicupon
recommendationoftheSolicitor
GeneralortheCouncilof
Government.Thelawsshalldeterminethe
proceduresforaccusation,
investigationandpardon.

Artculo45NingnmiembrodelaAsamblea
podrserperseguidonimolestado
porlasopinionesqueexprese,ni
porlosvotosqueemitaenel
ejerciciodesucargo.

Article45NomemberoftheAssemblycanbe
persecutedorharassedforwhatever
opinionheexpresses,norforthe
votesthathecastsintheexerciseof
hisoffice.

Artculo46NingnindividuodelaAsamblea
podrserprocesadoenmateria
criminalsinautorizacindela
mismaodelaComisin
Permanente,alaquesedarcuenta
inmediatamentedelhechoparala
resolucinqueproceda.Laprisin,detencino
apprehension
deunmiembrodelaAsambleano
podrllevarseacabosinprevia
autorizacindelamismaodela
ComisinPermanente.Perounavez
notificadalaAsambleasobreel
autodeprisin,incurriren
responsabilidadsi,dentrodedos
dassiguientesalanotificacin,no
autorizarelaprisinomanifestare
losmotivosenquesefundesu
negativa.

Article46NomemberoftheAssemblycanbe
prosecutedoncriminalmatters
withouttheauthorizationofthe
AssemblyorofthePermanent
Commission,towhichanaccountof
themattershallbeimmediately
renderedfortheappropriate
resolution.Imprisonment,detentionorarrestof
amemberoftheAssemblycannot
bedonewithoutpriorauthorization
fromtheAssemblyorfromthe
PermanentCommission.However,
oncetheAssemblyhasbeennotified
aboutthewarrantofarrest,itshall
beheldliableif,withinthenexttwo
daysafternotification,itdoesnot
authorizeimprisonmentormanifest
thereasonsforrefusingthesame.

Artculo47LaAsambleaNacionaltendr
ademslasfacultadessiguientes:
1.FormarelReglamentoparasu
gobiernointerior
2.Examinarlalegalidaddelas
eleccionesylaaptitudlegaldelos
individuoselegidos
3.Nombraralconstituirsesu
Presidente,VicePresidentey
Secretarios.MientraslaAsamblea
noseadisuelta,suPresidente,Vice

Article47TheNationalAssemblyshallalso
havethefollowingpowers:
1.Createbylawsforitsinternal
governance
2.Examinethelegalityofelection
andlegalaptitudeoftheelected
members
3.Uponitsconvocation,appointits
President,VicePresidentand
Secretaries.Providedthatthe
Assemblyisnotdissolved,its

PresidenteySecretarioscontinuarn
ejerciendosuscargosdurantelas
cuatrolegislaturas,y
4.Admitirlasdimisiones
presentadasporsusindividuosy
concederlaslicenciasconsujecinal
Reglamento.

President,VicePresidentand
Secretariesshallcontinueexercising
theirofficeforfourtermsand
4.Accepttheresignationpresented
byitsmembersandgrantleavesof
absenceinaccordancetothe
bylaws.

Artculo48Ningnproyectopodrllegaraser
leysinqueantesseavotadoenla
Asamblea.
Paravotarlasleyesserequierela
presenciaenlaAsambleadela
cuartaparte,cuandomenos,del
nmerototaldolosindividuosque
tenganaprobadassusactasyhayan
prestadojuramento.

Article48Nobillmaybepassedintolaw
withoutbeingsubmittedintoavote
intheAssembly.
Thepresenceofatleastafourth
partofthetotalnumberofmembers
whoseelectionhasbeenduly
approvedandhavebeenswornto
officeisrequiredinordertopassa
law.

Artculo49Ningnproyectodeleypuede
aprobarseporlaAsambleasino
despusdehabersidovotadoensu
totalidadydespusartculopor
artculo.

Article49Nobillmaybeapprovedbythe
Assemblyuntilafterithasbeen
voteduponinitsentirety,and
subsequentlyarticlebyarticle.

Artculo50LaAsambleatieneelderechode
censura,ycadaunodesus
individuoseldeinterpelacin.

Article50TheAssemblyhastherightof
censure,andeachofitsmembers,
therightofinterpellation.

Artculo51Lainiciativadelasleyes
correspondealPresidentedela
RepblicayalaAsamblea.

Article51Theinitiativeofthelawsbelongsto
thePresidentoftheRepublicand
theAssembly.

Artculo52ElRepresentantedelaAsamblea
queaceptedelGobiernopensin,
empleoocomisinconsueldo,se
entenderquerenunciaasucargo.Exceptanse
deestadisposicinel
empleodeSecretariodeGobierno
delaRepblica,yotroscargos
sealadosenleyesespeciales.

Article52AnyrepresentativeoftheAssembly
whoacceptspension,employment
orassignmentwithcorresponding
remunerationfromtheGovernment
shallbeconsideredresignedfrom
hisoffice.Exemptedfromthisaretheofficeof
theSecretaryofGovernmentofthe
Republic,andotherpositions
providedforinspeciallaws.

Artculo53ElcargodeRepresentantedura
cuatroaosytienenderecholosque
laejerzanporvadeindemnizacin
aunasumadeterminadaporlaley
conarregloalascircunstancias.

Article53Theofficeofarepresentativeshall
beforfouryears,andthosewho
exercisesuchofficeshallhavethe
righttoreceiveasaformof
compensationanamountprovided
forunderthelawandinaccordance
tothecircumstances.

Notienenderechoaesta
indemnizacinlosqueseausenten

Thosewhofailtoattendtheentire
periodoflegislationshallnothave

durantetodalalegislaturapero
recobranelderechosiasistenalas
siguientes.

therighttoreceivecompensation,
butshallregainsuchrightoncethey
attendthesessionsthereafter.

TtuloVIDelaComisinPermanente

TitleVIOnthePermanentCommission

Artculo54LaAsamblea,antesdecerrarsus
sesiones,elegirasietedesus
miembrosparaqueformenla
ComisinPermanenteduranteel
perodoenqueestcerrada,
debiendostaensuprimerasession
designarPresidenteySecretario.

Article54TheAssembly,beforeclosingits
sessions,shallelectsevenofits
memberstoconstitutethe
PermanentCommissionduringthe
periodthatitisinrecess,withthe
obligationthatthelatterdesignatea
PresidentandaSecretaryonitsfirst
session.

Artculo55SonatribucionesdelaComisin
Permanente,endefectodela
Asamblea:
1.Declararsihayonolugara
formacindecausacontrael
PresidentedelaRepblica,los
Representantes,Secretariosde
Gobierno,PresidentedelaCorte
SupremadeJusticiayProcurador
Generalenloscasosprevistospor
estaConstitucin
2.ConvocaralaAsambleaauna
reuninextraordinariaenloscasos
enquedebaconstituirseenTribunal
deJusticia.
3.Dartramitealosnegociosque
hubierenquedadopendientespara
quepuedantomarseen
consideracin.
4.ConvocaralaAsambleaalas
sesionesextraordinariascuandola
exigenciadelcasolademande,y
5.SupliralaAsambleaensus
facultadesconarregloala
Constitucin,excepcinhechadela
facultaddehaceryvotarlasleyes.LaComisin
Permanentesereunir
siemprequefuereconvocadaporel
quelapresida,conarregloaesta
Constitucin.

Article55ThePermanentCommission,inthe
absenceoftheAssembly,shallbe
empoweredto:
1.Declarewhetherornotthereis
sufficientcausetotakelegalaction
againstthePresidentofthe
Republic,theRepresentatives,the
SecretariesofGovernment,the
PresidentoftheSupremeCourtof
Justice,andtheSolicitorGeneralin
thecasesprovidedforinthis
Constitution
2.ConvenetheAssemblyin
extraordinarysessionincaseswhen
theCourtofJusticemustbe
constituted
3.Actonmattersthathave
remainedunresolvedinorderfor
themtobetakenintoconsideration
4.ConvenetheAssemblyin
extraordinarysessionswhenthe
exigencyofthecasesorequires
and
5.SubstitutetheAssemblyinthe
exerciseofitspowersinaccordance
totheConstitution,exceptinthe
powerofcreatingandpassinglaws.The
PermanentCommissionshall
meetwheneveritisconvenedby
whoeverpresidesoveritin
accordancetothisConstitution.

TtuloVIIDelPoderEjecutivo

TitleVIIOnExecutivePower

Artculo56Elpoderejecutivoresidirenel
PresidentedelaRepblicaquelo
ejercepormediodesusSecretarios.

Article56Executivepowerresidesinthe
PresidentoftheRepublic,whoshall
exerciseitthroughhisSecretaries.

Artculo57Lagestindelosintereses
peculiaresdelospueblosdelas
provinciasydelEstadocorresponde,
respectivamente,alasAsambleas
populares,alasAsambleas
provincialesyalaAdministracin
activaconarregloalasleyesy
sobrelabasedelamsamplia
descentralizacinyautonoma
administrativas.

Article57Theadministrationoftheparticular
interestsoftowns,provincesand
theStateshallbeentrusted
respectivelytotownassemblies,
provincialassembliesandthe
incumbentAdministrationin
accordancetothelaw,andshallbe
basedonthebroadest
decentralizationandautonomyof
administration.

TtuloVIIIDelPresidentedelaRepblica

TitleVIIIOnthePresidentoftheRepublic

Artculo58ElPresidentedelaRepblicasera
elegidopormayoraabsolutade
votosporlaAsambleaylos
Representesespecialesreunidosen
Cmaraconstituyente.
Sunombramientoserporcuatro
aosyserreelegible.

Article58ThePresidentoftheRepublicshall
beelectedthroughanabsolute
majorityofvotesbytheAssembly
andthespecialrepresentatives
convenedasaconstituentchamber.
Hisappointmentshallbeforfour
yearsandhewillbeeligibleforre
election.

Artculo59ElPresidentedelaRepblicatendr
lainiciativadelasleyes,ascomo
losmiembrosdelaAsamblea,y
promulgarlasleyescuandohayan
sidovotadasyaprobadasporstay
vigilaryasegurarsuejecucin.

Article59ThePresidentoftheRepublic,as
wellasthemembersofthe
Assembly,shallhavetheinitiativeof
thelaws.Heshallpromulgatethe
lawsoncetheyhavebeenpassed
andapprovedbythelatter,and
shallsuperviseandensuretheir
execution.

Artculo60Lapotestaddehacerejecutarlas
leyesseextiendeatodocuanto
conducealaconservacindelorden
pblicoenelinterioryala
seguridaddelEstadoenelexterior.

Article60Thepowertoenforcethelawshall
extendtoanyconcernrelatedtothe
preservationofpublicorderinthe
country,andtotheexternalsecurity
oftheState.

Artculo61ElPresidentedelaRepblica
promulgarlasleyesdentrodelos
veintedassiguientesalenelquele
hayasidotrasmitidaporla
Asamblealaaprobacindefinitiva.

Article61ThePresidentoftheRepublicshall
promulgatealawwithintwentydays
followingthetransmittalofits
definitiveapprovaltohimbythe
Assembly.

Artculo62Sidentrodeesteplazonofueren
promulgadas,elPresidentelas
devolveralaAsambleacon
justificacindelascausasdesu
detencin,procedindoseentalcaso
asurevisinynoseentenderque
insisteenellassinolasreproduce
porelvotodelasdosterceras

Article62Ifthelawisnotpromulgatedwithin
thisperiod,thePresidentshall
returnittotheAssemblywitha
justificationonthereasonsforsuch
deferment.TheAssemblyshall
proceedtoitsreview.Itshallnotbe
presumedthatthelatterinsistson
itspassageifitisnotrepassedbya

partesdelosmiembrospresentesde
laAsamblea.Reproducidalaleyen
laformaindicada,elGobiernola
promulgardentrodediezdas,
haciendoconstarsunoconformidad.
Alomismoquedarobligadoel
Gobiernosidejarepasarelplazode
veintedassindevolverlaleyala
Asamblea.

voteoftwothirdsofthemembers
presentintheAssembly.Oncethe
lawisreviewedinthemanner
indicated,theGovernmentshall
promulgateitwithintendayswitha
manifestationofitsnonconformity.
TheGovernment,wherefore,shall
beheldliableifitallowstheperiod
oftwentydaystoelapsewithout
returningthelawtotheAssembly.

Artculo63Cuandolapromulgacindeunaley
hayasidodeclaradaurgentepor
votacinexpresa,omayora
absolutadevotosdelaAsamblea,el
PresidentedelaRepblicapodr
pediraaqullaporunmensaje
motivadounanuevadeliberacin,la
cualnopodrsernegada,y
aprobadadenuevolamismaley,
serpromulgadadentrodelplazo
legal,sinperjuiciodequeel
Presidentepuedahacerconstarsu
noconformidad.

Article63Whenthepromulgationofalawhas
beendeclaredurgentbyanadhoc
vote,orbyanabsolutemajorityof
votesintheAssembly,thePresident
oftheRepubliccanasktheformer
todeliberateanewbyemittinga
messagetosucheffect.Such
deliberationcannotberefused.Upon
reapprovalofthesamelaw,itshall
bepromulgatedwithintheperiod
prescribed,withoutprejudicetothe
Presidentsrighttomanifesthisnon
conformity.

Artculo64Lapromulgacindelasleyesse
verificarmediantesupublicacin
enelperidicooficialdela
Repblica,ytienenfuerzadeobligar
alostreintadassiguientesaldela
publicacin.

Article64Thepromulgationofthelawshallbe
effectedbypublishingthesamein
theofficialbulletinofRepublic,and
shallbebindingandexecutoryafter
thirtydaysfollowingitspublication.

Artculo65ElPresidentedelaRepblica
disponelasfuerzasdemarytierra,
declaralaguerrayhaceyratificala
paz,previoacuerdodelaAsamblea.

Article65ThePresidentoftheRepublicshall
havethearmyandthenavyathis
disposition,declarewar,andenter
intoapeaceagreementandratifyit,
withthepriorconsentofthe
Assembly.

Artculo66Lostratadosdepaznosern
definitivossinodespusdevotados
porlaAsamblea.

Article66Peacetreatiesshallnotbedefinitive
unlessapprovedbytheAssembly
throughavote.

Artculo67Ademsdelasfacultadesnecesarias
paralaejecucindelasleyes,
correspondealPresidentedela
Repblica:
1.Conferirlosempleoscivilesy
militaresconarregloalasleyes
2.NombrarlosSecretariosde
Gobierno
3.Dirigirlasrelacionesdiplomticas

Article67Apartfromthepowersnecessaryto
executelaws,itisthedutyofthe
PresidentoftheRepublicto:
1.Confercivilandmilitary
employmentinaccordancetothe
law
2.AppointSecretariesof
Government
3.Directdiplomaticandcommercial

ycomercialesconlasdems
potencias
4.Cuidardequeentodoelterritorio
seadministreprontaycumplida
justicia
5.Indultaralosdelincuentescon
arregloalasleyessalvolodispuesto
relativamentealosSecretariosde
Gobierno
6.Presidirlassolemnidades
nacionalesyrecibiralosenviadosy
representantesdelasPotencias
extranjerasacreditadoscercadel.

relationswithotherpowers
4.Ensuretheswiftandcomplete
administrationofjusticeinthe
entireterritory
5.Pardonlawbreakersinaccordance
tothelaw,subjecttotheprovisions
relatingtotheSecretariesof
Government
6.Presideovernationalsolemnities,
andwelcomeaccreditedenvoysand
representativesofforeignpowers.

Artculo68ElPresidentedelaRepblica
necesitaestarautorizadoporuna
leyespecial:
1.Paraenajenar,cederopermutar
cualquierapartedelterritorio
filipino.
2.Paraincorporarcualquierotro
territorioalfilipino.
3.Paraadmitirtropasextranjeras
enelterritoriofilipino.
4.Pararatificarlostratadosde
alianzaofensivaydefensiva,los
especialesdecomercio,losque
estipulendarsubsidiosauna
Potenciaextranjera,ytodos
aqullosquepuedanobligar
individualmentealosfilipinos.
Enningncasolosartculossecretos
deuntratadopodrnderogarlos
pblicos.
5.Paraconcederamnistase
indultosgenerales.
6.Paraacuarmoneda.

Article68ThePresidentoftheRepublicneeds
tobeauthorizedbyaspeciallaw:
1.Totransfer,cedeorexchangeany
partofPhilippineterritory
2.Toincorporateanyotherterritory
intothePhilippines
3.Toallowforeigntroopsin
Philippineterritory
4.Toratifytreatiesofoffensiveand
defensivealliance,special
commercialtreaties,treatiesthat
stipulatesubsidiestoaforeign
power,andanyothertreatythat
compelsFilipinostoperformany
individualobligation
Innocasecantheconfidential
articlesofatreatynullifythosethat
arepublic.
5.Tograntgeneralamnestiesand
pardons
6.Tomintmoney.

Artculo69AlPresidentedelaRepblica
correspondelafacultaddedictar
reglamentosparaelcumplimientoy
aplicacindelasleyesprevioslos
requisitosquelasmismassealen.

Article69ThePresidentoftheRepublichas
thepowertoimposerulesforthe
complianceandenforcementofthe
lawssubjecttotherequisitesthat
thesameprescribe.

Artculo70ElPresidentedelaRepblicapodr,
previoacuerdoadoptadopor
mayoradevotosde
Representantes,disolverla
Asambleaantesdelaexpiracindel
plazolegaldesumandato.Enestecaso,se
convocarnpara
nuevaseleccionesdentrodel

Article70ThePresidentoftheRepubliccan,
withthepriorconcurrenceofthe
Representativesadoptedthrougha
majorityofvotes,dissolvethe
Assemblybeforetheexpirationof
thetermlegallyprescribedforits
mandate.Inthiscase,theyshallbeconvened
fornewelectionswithinthree

trminodetresmeses.

months.

Artculo71ElPresidentedelaRepblicasolo
serresponsableenloscasosde
altatraicin.

Article71ThePresidentoftheRepublicalone
shallbeheldresponsibleincasesof
hightreason.

Artculo72LadotacindelPresidentedela
Repblicaserfijadaporunaley
especial,quenopodrvariarsesino
alfindeperodopresidencial.

Article72ThesalaryofthePresidentofthe
Republicshallbedeterminedbya
speciallaw,whichcannotberevised
exceptattheendofhistermin
office.

TtuloIXDelosSecretariosdeGobierno

TitleIXOntheSecretariesofGovernment

Artculo73ElConsejodeGobiernosecompone
deunPresidenteysieteSecretarios,
quetendrnasucargolascarteras
de:
Negociosextranjeros,
Interior,
Hacienda,
GuerrayMarina,
InstruccinPblica,
ComunicacionesyObrasPblicas,
Agricultura,IndustriasyComercio.

Article73TheCouncilofGovernmentshallbe
composedofaPresidentandseven
Secretaries,whoshallbeputin
chargeoftheportfoliosof:
ForeignRelations,
Interior,
Finance,
WarandtheNavy,
PublicInstruction,
PublicWorksandCommunications,
Agriculture,Industriesand
Commerce.

Artculo74TodoloqueelPresidentedela
Repblicamandareodispusiereen
elejerciciodesuautoridadser
firmadoporelSecretarioaquien
corresponda.Ningnfuncionario
pblicodarcomplimientoaloque
carezcadeesterequisito.

Article74AnythingthatthePresidentofthe
Republiccommandsorresolvesin
theexerciseofhisauthorityshallbe
signedbytheSecretaryconcerned.
Nopublicofficialshallfulfillany
orderthatlackssuchrequisite.

Artculo75LosSecretariosdeGobiernoson
responsablessolidariamenteantela
Asambleadelapolticageneraldel
Gobierno,eindividualmentedesus
actospersonales.
AlProcuradorGeneraldelaNacin
correspondeacusarlos,yala
Asambleajuzgarlos.
Lasleyesdeterminarnloscasosde
responsabilidaddelosSecretarios
deGobierno,laspenasaqueestnsujetos
yelmododeprocedercontraellos.

Article75TheSecretariesofGovernmentshall
beheldjointlyresponsiblebythe
Assemblyforthegeneralpoliciesof
Government,andindividuallyfor
theirpersonalactions.
ItshallbethedutyoftheSolicitor
GeneraloftheNationtoprosecute
them,andoftheAssemblytojudge
them.Thelawsshalldeterminethecases
whereintheSecretariesof
Governmentaretoberesponsible,the
penaltiestowhichtheyshallbesubjected,
andthemanneronhowtoproceedagainst
them.

Artculo76Paraelindultodestos,sifueren
condenadosporlaAsamblea,hade
precederpeticindelamayoraabsoluta

Article76InorderfortheSecretariestoobtain
pardon
ifandwhentheyareconvictedbythe

deRepresentantes.

Assembly,itisnecessarythatapetitionbe
firstapprovedbytheRepresentativesbyan
absolutemajority.

TtuloXDelPoderJudicial

TitleXOnJudicialPower

Artculo77Alostribunalescorresponde
exclusivamentelapotestadde
aplicarlasleyes,anombredela
Nacinenlosjuicioscivilesy
criminales.Unosmismoscdigosregirnentoda
la
Repblica,sinperjuiciodelasvariaciones
queporparticularescircunstancias
determinenlasleyes.Enellosnoseestablecer
msqueun
slofueroparatodoslosciudadanosen
losjuicioscomunes,
civilesycriminales.

Article77Thecourtshavetheexclusivepowerto
applythelaws,onbehalfoftheNation,in
civilandcriminaltrials.Thesamecodesoflaw
shallapplytothe
entireRepublic,notwithstandingthe
variationsthatthelawmayprescribein
particularcircumstances.Thereshallbebutone
codeoflaws
applicabletoallcitizensinordinary,civil
andcriminaltrials.

Artculo78Lostribunalesnoaplicarnlos
reglamentosgeneralesymunicipales
sinoencuantoestnconformesconlas
leyes.

Article78Thecourtsshallnotapplygeneraland
municipalregulations,exceptinsofaras
theyareinconformitytothelaws.

Artculo79Elejerciciodelpoderjudicialradicaen
unaCorteSupremadeJusticia,yenlos
tribunalesquesedeterminen
enlasleyes.

Article79Theexerciseofjudicialpowerresidesin
a
SupremeCourtofJustice,andinthe
tribunalsthataretobeestablishedbylaw.

Sucomposicin,organizaciny
demsatribucionesseregirnpor
lasleyesorgnicasquese
determinen.

Theircomposition,organizationand
otherattributesshallbedetermined
bytheorganiclawsthatshallbe
enforced.

Artculo80ElPresidentedelaCorteSuprema
deJusticiayelProcuradorGeneral
sernnombradosporlaAsamblea
Nacionalenconcurrenciaconel
PresidentedelaRepblicay
SecretariodeGobierno,ytendr
absolutaindependenciadelos
podereslegislativoyejecutivo.

Article80ThePresidentoftheSupremeCourt
ofJusticeandtheSolicitorGeneral
shallbeappointedbytheNational
Assemblywiththeconcurrenceof
thePresidentoftheRepublicand
theSecretariesofGovernment,and
shallhaveabsoluteindependence
fromthelegislativeandexecutive
branches.

Artculo81Todociudadanopodrentablar
accinpblicacontralosindividuos
todosdelPoderjudicialporlos
delitosquecometierenenel
ejerciciodesucargo.

Article81Anycitizencaninitiatepublicaction
againstmembersofthejudiciaryfor
misdemeanorsthattheycommitin
theexerciseoftheiroffice.

TtuloXIDelasAsambleasProvincialesy

TitleXIOnProvincialandPopular

Populares

Assemblies

Artculo82Laorganizacinyatribucionesdelas
Asambleasprovincialesypopulares
seregirnporsusrespectivasleyes.
Estasseajustarnalosprincipios
siguientes:
1.Gobiernoydireccindelos
interesespeculiaresdelaprovinciao
delpuebloporlasrespectivas
corporacionessiendoelprincipiode
eleccinpopularydirectael
fundamentoparalaconstitucinde
lasmismas.
2.Publicidaddelassesionesdeunas
yotras,dentrodeloslmites
sealadosporlaley.
3.Publicacindelospresupuestos,
cuentasyacuerdosimportantesde
lasmismas.
4.IntervencindelGobiernoy,en
sucaso,delaAsambleaNacional
paraimpedirquelasprovinciasylos
municipiosseextralimitenensus
atribucionesenperjuiciodelos
interesesgeneraleseindividuales.
5.Determinacindesusfacultades
enmateriadeimpuestos,afinde
quelosprovincialesymunicipals
nosehallenenoposicinconel
sistematributariodelEstado.

Article82Theorganizationandattributesof
theprovincialandpopular
assembliesshallbedeterminedby
theirrespectivelaws.
Theselawsshallconformtothe
followingprinciples:
1.Governanceandmanagementof
theparticularinterestsofthe
provinceorthetownbyits
respectivecorporation,withthe
principleofpopularanddirect
electionasthebasisforthe
constitutionofthesame.
2.Disclosureofthesessionsofthe
assemblies,withinthebounds
providedforunderthelaw.
3.Publicationofthebudget,
accountsandimportantagreements
ofthesame.
4.InterventionoftheGovernment
and,asthecasemaybe,ofthe
NationalAssembly,inorderto
preventprovincesandmunicipalities
fromexceedingtheirpowerstothe
detrimentofgeneralandindividual
interests.
5.Establishmentoftheirpowerson
mattersoftaxation,inamanner
thatallowstheprovincialand
municipalassembliestoavoid
cominginconflictwiththetax
systemoftheState.

TtuloXIIDelaAdministracindelEstado

TitleXIIOntheAdministrationoftheState

Artculo83ElGobiernopresentartodoslos
aosalaAsamblealospresupuestos
degastosydeingresos,expresando
lasalteracionesquehayahechoen
lodelaoanterior,acompaandoal
mismotiempounbalancedelultimo
ejercicioconarregloalaley.
CuandolaAsambleaserena,los
presupuestoshabrndepresentarse
alamismadentrodelosdiezdas
siguientesasureunin.

Article83TheGovernmentshallannually
submitthebudgetofexpenditures
andrevenuestotheAssembly,
indicatingwhateveralterationithas
incorporatedinthatoftheprevious
yearandattachingthereinabalance
ofthelastfiscalyearinaccordance
tothelaw.Thebudgetmustbepresentedto
theAssemblyonceitconvenes
withinaperiodoftendaysfollowing
itsconvocation.

Artculo84Ningnpagopodrhacersesinocon
arregloalaleydepresupuestosu
otraespecialenlaformaybajola

Article84Nopaymentcanbemadeexceptin
accordancetothelawonbudgetor
anyotherspeciallawintheform

responsabilidadquelasleyes
determinen.

andundertheresponsibility
establishedunderthelaws.

Artculo85ElGobiernonecesitaestar
autorizadoporunaleyparadisponer
delosbienesypropiedadesdel
Estado,yparatomarcaudalesa
prstamosobreelcrditodela
Nacin.

Article85TheGovernmentmustbeauthorized
byaspeciallawinordertodispose
thegoodsandpropertiesofthe
State,andtoborrowmoneyusing
thecreditoftheNation.

Artculo86Ladeudapblicaquesecontraiga
porelGobiernodelaRepblica,con
arregloaestaConstitucin,estar
bajolasalvaguardiaespecialdela
Nacin.
Noseharningnemprstitosin
quesevotenalmismotiempolos
recursosnecesariosparapagarlo.

Article86Whateverpublicdebtincurredby
theGovernmentoftheRepublic,in
accordancetothisConstitution,shall
beunderthespecialsafeguardof
theNation.
Noloanshallbesecuredwithout
determiningatthesametimethe
necessaryresourcestopayit.

Artculo87Todaslasleyesreferentesaingresos
gastospblicosocrditopblicose
considerarncomopartedelasde
presupuestosysepublicarncon
estecarcter.

Article87Alllawspertainingtorevenues,
publicexpendituresorpubliccredit
shallbeconsideredpartofthelaws
onbudget,andshallbepublishedas
such.

ARTCULO88LaAsambleafijartodoslosaos,
apropuestadelPresidentedela
Repblica,lasfuerzasmilitaresde
marytierra.

Article88TheAssemblyshalldetermine,upon
therecommendationofthe
PresidentoftheRepublic,the
militaryforcesatseaandonland.

TtuloXIIIDelaReformadelaConstitucin

TitleXIIIOnConstitutionalReform

Artculo89LaAsamblea,porsoapropuesta
delPresidentedelaRepblica,
podracordarlareformadela
Constitucinsealandoalefecto,el
artculooartculosquehayande
modificarse.

Article89TheAssembly,onitsownorupon
therecommendationofthe
PresidentoftheRepublic,can
resolvetoamendtheConstitution,
indicatingtosucheffectthearticle
orarticlesthatshouldbemodified.

Artculo90Hechaestadeclaracin,el
PresidentedelaRepblicadisolver
laAsamblea,yconvocarla
constituyentequesereunirdentro
delostresmesessiguientes.Enla
convocatoriaseinsertarla
resolucindequehableelartculo
anterior.

Article90Aftersuchdeclarationhasbeen
made,thePresidentoftheRepublic
shalldissolvetheAssembly,and
conveneaconstituentbody,which
shallmeetwithinthenextthree
months.Intheconvocation,the
resolutionmentionedinthe
precedingarticleshallbeinserted.

TtuloXIVDelaObservanciayJuramento
ConstitucionalydelosIdiomas

TitleIXOnConstitutionalObservanceand
OathofOffice,andonLanguages

Artculo91ElPresidentedelaRepblica,el

Article91ThePresidentoftheRepublic,the

Gobierno,laAsambleaytodoslos
ciudadanosfilipinosguardarn
fielmentelaConstitucinyelPoder
Legislativo,inmediatamentedespus
deaprobarlaleydepresupuestos,
examinarsilaConstitucinhasido
exactamenteobservadaysisus
infraccionesestncorregidas,
proveyendoloconvenienteparaque
sehagaefectivalaresponsabilidad
delosinfractores.

Government,theAssemblyandall
Filipinocitizensshallfaithfully
upholdtheConstitution.The
legislativepower,immediatelyafter
theapprovalofthelawonbudgets,
shallexamineiftheConstitutionhas
beenpreciselyobservedandifits
infractionsarecorrected,providing
forwhateverisconvenientinorder
toimposeresponsibilityonthe
offenders.

Artculo92ElPresidentedelaRepblicaytodos
losdemsfuncionariosdelaNacin
nopodrnentrarenelejerciciode
susfuncionessinprestarjuramento.
Estejuramentoseprestarporel
PresidentedelaRepblicaantela
AsambleaNacional.
LosdemsfuncionariosdelaNacin
loprestarnantelasautoridades
quedeterminenlasleyes.

Article92ThePresidentoftheRepublicandall
otherpublicofficialsoftheNation
cannotassumetheexerciseoftheir
powerswithouttakinganoathof
office.
Suchoathshallbetakenbythe
PresidentoftheRepublicbeforethe
NationalAssembly.
OtherpublicofficialsoftheNational
shalltakeitbeforetheauthorities
determinedunderthelaw.

Artculo93Elempleodelaslenguasusadasen
Filipinasespotestativo.Nopuede
regularsesinoporlaleyysolamente
paralosactosdelaautoridad
pblicaylosasuntosjudiciales.Para
estosactosseusarporahorala
lenguacastellana.

Article93Theuseofthelanguagesspokenin
thePhilippinesshallnotbe
compulsory.Itcannotberegulated
exceptbyvirtueoflawandonlyfor
actsofpublicauthorityandjudicial
affairs.Onsuchoccasions,the
Spanishlanguageshalltemporarily
beused.

DISPOSICIONESTRANSITORIAS

TRANSITORYPROVISIONS

Artculo94nterinysinperjuiciodelos
dispuestoenelartculo48ylas
comisionesquenombrelaAsamblea
paraqueredactenysometanala
mismalasleyesorgnicasparael
desenvolvimientoyaplicacindelos
derechosotorgadosalosciudadanos
filipinosyparaelrgimendelos
poderespblicosenella
determinados,seconsiderarnleyes
delaRepblicalasquesehallaban
vigentesenestasIslasantesdela
emancipacindelasmismas.Igualmentese
consideranvigentes
lasdisposicionesdelCdigoCivil
respectoalmatrimonioyregistro
civil,suspendidasporelGobierno
GeneraldeestasIslas,la

Article94Inthemeantimeandwithout
prejudicetotheprovisionmentioned
inArticle48andthecommissions
namedbytheAssemblytodraftand
transmittheorganiclawstothe
sameforthedevelopmentand
applicationoftherightsgrantedto
Filipinocitizensandforthe
governanceofthepublicpowers
guaranteedtherein,thoselaws
prevailingintheseislandsbefore
theiremancipationshallbe
consideredlawsoftheRepublic.Likewise,the
provisionsoftheCivil
Codeasregardscivilmarriagesand
registry,suspendedbythe
GovernorGeneraloftheseislands,
aswellastheInstructionissuedon

Instruccinde26deabrilde1888
parallevaraejecucinlosartculos
77,78,79y82dedichoCdigo,la
leydelRegistroCivilde17dejunio
1870aqueserefiereelartculo332
delmismo,yelReglamentode13
dediciembresiguienteparala
ejecucindeestaley,sinperjuicio
dequelosjefeslocalescontinen
encargadosdelasinscripcionesenel
RegistroCivileintervenganenla
celebracindelmatrimoniodeloscatlicos.

26April1888fortheexecutionof
Articles77,78,79and82ofthe
aforesaidCode,theLawonCivil
Registrydated17June1870and
referredtoinArticle332ofthe
same,andtheRegulationissuedthe
following13Decemberforthe
executionofthislaw,shallallbe
consideredinforce,without
prejudicetolocaladministratorswho
continuetomanageinscriptionsin
theCivilRegistryandintervenein
thecelebrationofmarriageamong
Catholics.

Artculo95Mientrasnoestnaprobadasyrijan
lasleyesaqueserefiereelartculo
anteriorpodrnmodificarsepor
algunaleyespeciallasdisposiciones
delasleyesespaolesquedicho
artculoponeenrigor
provisionalmente.

Article95Whilethelawsreferredtointhe
precedingarticlearenotyet
approvedandputineffect,the
provisionoftheSpanishlawsthat
thesaidarticletemporarilyenforces
maybemodifiedbyvirtueofa
speciallaw.

Artculo96Promulgadaslasleyesquela
Asambleaapruebeconarreglode
artculo94,elGobiernodela
Repblicaquedafacultadopara
dictarlosdecretosyreglamentos
necesariosparalainmediata
constitucindetodoslosorganismos
delEstado.

Article96OncethelawsthattheAssembly
approvesarepromulgatedin
accordancetoArticle94,the
GovernmentoftheRepublicshallbe
authorizedtoimposedecreesand
regulationsnecessaryforthe
immediateorganizationofallthe
officesoftheState.

Artculo97ElactualPresidentedelGobierno
Revolucionariotomardesdeluego
elttulodePresidentedela
Repblicayejercerestecargo
hastaqueunavezconvocadala
Asambleaconstituyente,procedaa
laeleccindelquehadeejercerel
cargodefinitivamente.

Article97TheincumbentPresidentofthe
RevolutionaryGovernmentshall
immediatelyassumethetitleof
PresidentoftheRepublic,andshall
performthedutiesoftheofficeuntil
theConstituentAssemblyhasbeen
convenedandproceedstothe
electionofthepersonwhoshall
assumethepositiondefinitively.

Artculo98EsteCongreso,conlosmiembros
quelocomponenyvayanviniendo
porsufragioopordecreto,durar
cuatroaos,osea,todalapresente
legislatura,empezandostael15de
abrilprximovenidero.

Article98ThisCongress,withthemembers
whoalreadycomposeitand
whoeverelseshouldjoineither
throughelectionorthroughdecree,
shallhaveatermoffouryears,orin
otherwords,fortheentireduration
ofthepresentlegislaturethatstarts
thiscoming15April.

Artculo99Noobstantelareglageneral

Article99Notwithstandingthegeneralrule

establecidaenelprrafo2del
artculo4nterintengaelpasque
lucharporsuindependencia,queda
facultadoelGobiernopararesolver
durantelaclausuradelCongresolas
cuestionesydificultadesno
previstasporlasleyesquesusciten
acontecimientosimprevistos,
mediantedecretosdequedar
conocimientoalaComisin
PermanenteycuentaalaAsamblea
enlaprimerareuninquesecelebre
conarregloalospreceptosdeesta
Constitucin.

establishedinParagraph2ofArticle
4whilethecountryneedstofight
foritsindependence,the
Governmentshallbeauthorized
duringtherecessofCongressto
resolvewhateverissuesand
difficultiesnotprovidedforunder
thelaws,whichunforeseenevents
maycause,bymeansofdecrees
thatshallbebroughttothe
knowledgeofthePermanent
Commissionandshallbereported
totheAssemblyinthefirstmeeting
thatwillbecalledinaccordanceto
thepreceptsofthisConstitution.

Artculo100Sesuspendehastalareunindela
Asambleaconstituyentelaejecucin
delArtculo5,Ttulo3.
Entretantolosmunicipiosdelos
pueblosquerequieranelministerio
espiritualdealgnsacerdotefilipino,
proveernalamanutencin
necesariadelmismo.

Article100TheexecutionofArticle5,Title3
shallbesuspendeduntilthemeeting
oftheConstituentAssembly.
Meanwhile,themunicipal
governmentsofthetownthatmay
requirethespiritualministryofa
Filipinopriestshallprovidehimwith
thenecessarysupport.

Artculo101Noobstantelodispuestoenlos
artculos62y63,lasleyesdevueltas
porelPresidentedelaRepblicaal
Congresonopodrnreproducirse
sinoenlalegislaturadelao
siguiente,quedandoestasuspensin
bajolaresponsabilidaddel
PresidenteysuConsejode
Gobierno.Hechalareproduccinen
estascondiciones,serobligatoria
supromulgacindentrodediezdas,
haciendoconstarelPresidentesuno
conformidad.
Silareproduccinsehiciereen
legislaturasulteriores,setendr
comoleyvotadaporprimeravez.

Article101Notwithstandingtheprovisionin
Articles62and63,thelawsthatthe
PresidentoftheRepublicreturnsto
Congresscannotbepassedexcept
inthelegislativetermofthe
followingyear,withthissuspension
remainingundertheresponsibilityof
thePresidentandhisCouncilof
Government.Oncetheyarere
passedundertheseconditions,their
promulgationshallbeobligatory
withintendays,withthePresident
manifestinghisnonconformity.
Shouldthelawbereapprovedin
subsequentlegislations,itshallbe
consideredalawapprovedforthe
firsttime.

ArtculoAdicional
SeentiendenrestituidosalEstado
filipinodesdeelda24mayoultimo
quesehaconstituidoelGobierno
DictatorialenCavite,todaslas
haciendas,edificiosydemsbienes
quetenanlascorporaciones
religionesenestasIslas.

AdditionalArticle
Itisunderstoodthatallparcelsof
land,buildingsandotherproperties
thatreligiousordersusedtoownin
theseislandshavebeenrestoredto
thePhilippineStateonthe24thday
ofMayoflastyear,whenthe
DictatorialGovernmentofCavitehas
beenconstituted.

Barasoain,veintedeenerodemil
ochocientosnoventaynueve.

InBarasoain,onthe20thdayof

ElPresidentedelCongreso.
PEDROA.PATERNO.

ThePresidentofCongress.
PEDROA.PATERNO.

LosSecretarios,
PABLOTECSON.
PABLOOCAMPO.

TheSecretaries,
PABLOTECSON.
PABLOOCAMPO.

January,eighteenhundredand
ninetynine.

Source:InstitutoCervantesofManila(http://manila.cervantes.es/en/default.shtm)

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