Energy Balance

PROCESS CONDITIONS
Solid Components at 303.15 K
Total Mass Flow Rate

10987.18592 kg/day

Mass of BaSO4

6776.159157 kg/day

Mass of ZnO

50.07507506 kg/day

Mass of ZnS

3188.78078 kg/day

Inlet Temperature (T1)

50 0C

323.15 K

Outlet Temperature (T2)

125 0C

398.15 K

Air at 523.15 K
Mass Flow Rate

1269266300 kg/day

Constant Pressure Heat Capacity

1.0407388 kJ/kg-K

Inlet Temperature (t1)

515 0C

788.15 K

Outlet Temperature (t2)

335 0C

608.15 K

For the calculation of wet bulb temperature, for spray dryers, Nt is in general between 0.25 to 1. (Land,
2012). Assume the value of Nt =1

= ln (
)

1 = ln (

788.15
)
608.15

= 503.3941928
Calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference:
=

( ) ( ) (788.15 503.3942) (608.15 503.3942)

=

(788.15 503.3942)
ln (
)
ln (
)
608.15 503.3942

= 180

CALCULATION OF HEAT DUTY

Calculation of Heat Duty:
i. Sensible heat required to bring the solids to the final temperature:
Assume: Solids before entering the dryer are at 500C:
Solving for the calorific temperature of the solid components:
=

1 + 2 323.15 + 398.15
=
2
2

= 360.65
Using Perrys Handbook Cp solid components @ 360.65 K: (Perry & Green, 2008)
Cp of BaSO4

6.144707242 kJ/kg-K

Cp of ZnO

2.445455874 kJ/kg-K

Cp of ZnS

2.709484455 kJ/kg-K

1 = ( )
1 = (6776.159157

kJ
) (6.144707242
) (398.15 323.15)

kg K

+ (50.07507506
+ (3188.78078

kJ
) (2.445455874
) (398.15 323.15)

kg K

kJ
) (2.709484455
) (398.15 323.15)

kg K

3717841.093

= 154910.0455

ii. Sensible heat to raise the temperature of water from initial (30 C) to vaporization temperature (50C
323.15 K)
Using Perrys Handbook, Cp of liquid water

2 = ( )

Cp

323.15 K

4.185257778 kJ/kg K

2 = (972.1709048
2 = 203439.292

kJ
) (4.185257778
) (373.15 323.15)

kg K

= 8476.637168

iii. Latent heat to vaporize the moisture:

Using Perrys Handbook, latent heat of vaporization at 373.15 K (1000C):
T

Latent heat

373.15 K

2258.234 kJ/kg

3 = ().
3 = (971.6848193
3 = 2194291

kJ
) (2258.234 )

kg

= 91428.80268

iv. Sensible heat to raise temperature of water from vaporization temperature to final product temperature
(1250C):
Solving for the calorific temperature of solid component:
=

1 + 2 373.15 + 398.15
=
= 385.65 = 112.50
2
2

Using Perrys Handbook, Cp of liquid water

T

Cp

385.25 K

4.235077 kJ/kg K

4 = ( ).
4 = (972.1709048 971.6848193)(4.235077)(398.15 373.15)K
4 = 51.46523735

= 2.144384889

Total heat requirement of the system:

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
= (3717841 + 203439 + 2194292 + 51.4652) = 6115623.547

Using Ambient Temperature of 26 C and RH = 89% (Yesterday's and last week's weather in manila, 2015)
Using Psychometric Chart from Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook:
Humidity = 0.01901 kg of water per kg of dry air
Taking the humid heat of Air:
= 1.005 + 1.88
= 1.005 + 1.88(0.01901)
= 1.0407388

Calculating for the amount of air needed.

6115623.547

=
=
1.0407388 (788.15 608.15)

= 1057721917

For the humidity of outlet air:

=

971.6848193
kg water
+ 0.01901
1057721917
kg air
= 00.019010919

kg water
kg air

Allotting an allowance of 20%, for the possible heat losses and due to startup, shutdown and cleaning:
(Land, 2012)
= 1.20 (1057721917
= 1269266300