Anorectic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see Anorexic (disambiguation).
An anorectic or anorexic (from the Greek an- = "without" and orexis = "appetite"), also
known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant, is a dietary supplement and/or
drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss.[1] By
contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic.

Contents
[hide]

1 List of centrally acting anorectics

2 List of peripherally acting anorectics
3 Public health concerns
o 3.1 Non-pharmacological alternatives
4 History
5 References
6 External links

List of centrally acting anorectics[edit]

Numerous pharmaceutical compounds are marketed as appetite suppressants.
The following drugs listed as "centrally-acting antiobesity preparations" in the Anatomical
Therapeutic Chemical Classification System:[2]

Phentermine
Diethylpropion
Rimonabant (cannabinoid antagonist selective for CB1. Withdrawn amidst concerns
about psychiatric consequences of drug treatment)
Sibutramine (in some countries withdrawn from the market because of concerns
regarding its cardiovascular effects)
Oxymetazoline (over-the-counter nasal decongestant)

The following are listed as appetite depressants by MeSH, an index of medical journal articles
and books.[3]

Benfluorex
Butenolide
Cathine
Diethylpropion
FG-7142
Phenmetrazine
Phentermine
Phenylpropanolamine

Pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine
Sibutramine

Other compounds with known appetite suppressant activity include:

Amphetamine (also known as amfetamine, US brand name of mixed amphetamine

salts is Adderall)
Benzphetamine
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, formerly known as amfebutamone)an atypical
antidepressant
Bupropion/naltrexone (Contrave)
Dextroamphetamine (also known by its USAN)
Dexfenfluramine (the D-enantiomer of fenfluramine; withdrawn for the same reason
as its racemate)
Dexmethylphenidate
Fenfluramine (one of the two components [the other being phentermine] of Fen-phen.
Since discontinued to its potential for causing valvulopathies and pulmonary
hypertension)
Glucagon
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
Liraglutide (Saxenda)
Lorcaserin (Belviq)
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse)
Methamphetamine (also known as methamfetamine, US brand name Desoxyn)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Phendimetrazine
Phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia)
Phenethylamine
Topiramate (Topamaxan anticonvulsant medication with weight loss side effect)

Where indicates drugs that have been since withdrawn from the market because of adverse
effects.

List of peripherally acting anorectics[edit]

There is only one member in grouporlistat (Xenical).

Public health concerns[edit]

Epidemics of fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve damage associated with
pharmaceutical anorectic agents have led to the withdrawal of products from the market. This
was the case with aminorex in the 1960s, and again in the 1990s with fenfluramine (see: Fenphen).[4] Likewise, association of the related appetite suppressant phenylpropanolamine with
hemorrhagic stroke led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to request its withdrawal
from the market in the United States in 2000, and similar concerns regarding ephedrine
resulted in an FDA ban on its inclusion in dietary supplements, in 2004 (a Federal judge later
overturned this ban in 2005 during a challenge by supplement maker Nutraceuticals). It is also
debatable as to whether the ephedrine ban had more to do with its use as a precursor in
methamphetamine manufacture rather than legitimate health concerns.

Non-pharmacological alternatives[edit]

Weight loss effects of water have been subject to some scientific research.[5] Drinking
water prior to each meal may help in appetite suppression. Consumption of 500 mL of
water 30 minutes before meals has been correlated with modest weight loss (12 kg)
in obese men [6] and women.[7]

History[edit]
Used on a short-term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also
available over-the-counter. Most common natural appetite suppressants are based on Hoodia,
a genus of 13 species in the flowering plant family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily
Asclepiadoideae. Several appetite suppressants are based on a mix of natural ingredients,
mostly using green tea as its basis, in combination with other plant extracts such as
fucoxanthin, found naturally in seaweed. Drugs of this class are frequently stimulants of the
phenethylamine family, related to amphetamine (informally known as speed).
The German and Finnish[8] militaries issued amphetamines to soldiers commonly to enhance
warfare during the Second World War.[9] Following the war, amphetamines were redirected
for use on the civilian market. Indeed, amphetamine itself was sold commercially as an
appetite suppressant until it was outlawed in most parts of the world in the late 1950s because
of safety issues. Many amphetamines produce side effects, including addiction, tachycardia
and hypertension,[10] making prolonged unsupervised use dangerous.

References[edit]
1.

Jump up ^ Lemke, Thomas L.; Williams, David A. (2012). "Anorexiants as Pharmacologic Agents in
the Management of Obesity". Foye's Medicinal Chemistry.
2. Jump up ^ ATC/DDD Index
3. Jump up ^ MeSH list of agents 82001067
4. Jump up ^ Fishman AP. Aminorex to Fen/Phen: An Epidemic Foretold. Circulation 1999;99:156.
Fulltext. PMID 9884392
5. Jump up ^ "Pre-meal water consumption for weight loss". Australian Family Physician 42 (7): 478.
2013.
6. Jump up ^ Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL, Flack KD, Savla J, Davy KP, Davy BM. "Water
consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older
adults." Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010 Feb;18(2):300-7. [1] doi:10.1038/oby.2009.235. PMID 19661958
7. Jump up ^ Vij VA, Joshi AS. "Effect of excessive water intake on body weight, body mass index,
body fat, and appetite of overweight female participants." J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014 Jul;5(2):340-4. [2].
doi:10.4103/0976-9668.136180 PMID 25097411
8. Jump up ^ "Pervitiini". Retrieved 2011-01-05.
9. Jump up ^ Andreas Ulrich, Andreas. "The Nazi Death Machine: Hitler's Drugged Soldiers - SPIEGEL
ONLINE - News - International". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
10. Jump up ^ Abenhaim L, Moride Y, Brenot F, Rich S, Benichou J, Kurz X, Higenbottam T, Oakley C,
Wouters E, Aubier M, Simonneau G, Begaud B. Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary
Pulmonary Hypertension. N Engl J Med 1996;335:609. Fulltext. doi:10.1056/NEJM199608293350901
PMID 8692238

External links[edit]

Questions and Answers about appetite suppressant medication treatment from the
Medical College of Wisconsin
Anorectics at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Mitchell, Kari (January 1997). "Anorexiant Agents: Considerations for Use" (PDF).
Drug Therapy Topics. University of Washington Medical Center. Retrieved 25
December 2013.

[hide]

t
e

Antiobesity agents/Anorectics (A08)

Central

Stimulants

4-Methylamphetamine
Amfecloral
Amfepentorex
Amfepramone
Aminorex
Amphetamine
Amphetaminil
Atomoxetine
Benfluorex
Benzphetamine
Bupropion (+naltrexone; +zonisamide)
Cathine
Cathinone
Chlorphentermine
Ciclazindol
Clobenzorex
Cloforex
Clominorex
Clortermine
Dexfenfluramine
Dextroamphetamine
Dexmethylphenidate
Difemetorex
Dimethylcathinone
Diphemethoxidine
Ephedrine
Ephedra

Etilamfetamine
Etolorex
Fenbutrazate
Fencamfamine
Fenethylline
Fenfluramine (+phentermine)
Fenproporex
Fludorex
Fluminorex
Furfenorex
Indanorex
Khat
Levopropylhexedrine
Lisdexamfetamine
Manifaxine
Mazindol
Mefenorex
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Norfenfluramine
Pemoline
Pentorex
Phendimetrazine
Phenethylamine
Phenmetrazine
Phentermine (+topiramate)
Phenylpropanolamine
Picilorex
Pipradrol
Prolintane
Propylhexedrine
Pseudoephedrine
Pyrovalerone
Radafaxine
Reboxetine
Setazindol
Sibutramine
Synephrine

Cannabinoid

receptor antagonists

Others

Peripheral

Cetilistat
2,4-Dinitrophenol

Tesofensine
Viloxazine
Xylopropamine
Zylofuramine

Drinabant
Ibipinabant
Otenabant
Rimonabant
Rosonabant
Surinabant
Taranabant

5-HTP
Galactomannan
o Guar gum
Glucomannan
L-DOPA
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tryptophan
L-Tyrosine
Lorcaserin
Lu AA-33810
Metformin
Naltrexone
Naloxone
Oxyntomodulin
P57
Peptide YY
Topiramate
Yohimbine (Yohimbe)
Zonisamide
water

Dirlotapide
Mitratapide
Oleoyl-estrone
Orlistat
Simmondsin
Sterculia

Clinical trials:

Phase III

Never to phase III

o
o

WHO-EM
Withdrawn from market

v
t
e

Index of nutrition

Vitamins
o

Description

metabolism
Cofactors
Metal metabolism
Fats
o metabolism
o intermediates
o lipoproteins
Sugars
o Glycolysis

Disease

enzymes
Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
intermediates
Fructose and galactose
intermediates

Vitamins
Carbohydrate
Lipid

Metals
Other
Symptoms and signs
Tests

Drugs

Treatment

storage

obesity
lipid-modifying

Vitamins
Mineral supplements

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorectic&oldid=674334943"

Categories:

Anorectics

Navigation menu
Personal tools

Create account
Log in

Namespaces

Article
Talk

Variants
Views

Read
Edit
View history

More
Search
Go

Navigation

Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction

Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools

What links here

Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export

Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

Bosanski
Catal
Deutsch
Espaol
Franais
Hrvatski
Italiano
Lietuvi
Polski
Portugus
/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /

Edit links

This page was last modified on 3 August 2015, at 07:47.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc., a non-profit organization.

Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view