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MiniatureTemperatureSensorCrystalsRKTV206
TheminiaturetemperaturesensorcrystalsRKTV206withadiameterofonly2mmallowsthe
highresolutionprecisionmeasurementsoftemperature.Itisaspeciallydesignedtuningfork
crystalwitharesonancefrequencyintherange32kHzto36kHzandhasatemperature
coefficientofabout51.8ppm/K@25C.InconnectionwithareferencecrystalRKOV206
theoveralltemperaturecoefficientcanbeincreasedbyafactorof>50throughtheuseof
theheterodyneprinciple.
ThemainfeaturesoftheRKTV206are
Wideoperatingtemperaturerange50Cto+180C(standard)andoptionallyupto
+320C
HighresolutiondowntoKrange
Shorttimeconstantduetolowthermalmass
highshockandvibrationresistance
miniaturesize(2mmdiameter)
Typicalapplicationsare
precisionelectronicthermometers
precisiontemperaturecontrollers
Temperaturetofrequency(T/f)converters
Theadvantageoverothertemperaturesensorsis,thatitallowsadirectconversionof
temperaturetoadigitalsignal(frequency),whichcanbedirectlyprocessedbya
microcontroller.
Package
TheRKTV206comesinacylindricalmetalpackagewithadiameterof2mmandalengthof6
mm.Thepackageissealedwithhightemperaturesolder(standard).Forthehigh
temperatureoptionslaserweldingisused.
Fig.1:Packagedrawing
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Frequencyvs.Temperaturecharacteristic
TemperaturesensorcrystalRKTV206
ThetemperaturesensorcrystalRKTV206showsamonotonicresponseoftheresonance
frequencyvs.temperatureTascanbeseeninFig.2(bluedotanddashline).
RKOV206
frequency / Hz
33,200
-200
33,000
-400
32,800
-600
-800
32,600
beatfrequency
-1,000
32,400
delta f / Hz
33,400
-1,200
32,200
RKTV206
RKTV206
32,000
-1,400
RKOV206
delta f / Hz
31,800
-1,600
31,600
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-1,800
350
Temperature / C
Fig.2:Frequencyvs.temperatureofRKTV206andRKOV206
Itcanbeapproximatedbytheequation
f T (T ) f 0 a1 (T T0) a 2 (T T0 ) 2
where
fT=crystalfrequencyattemperatureT(inC)
f0=crystalfrequencyatreferencetemperatureT0,here32720Hz
T0=referencetemperatureT0=0C
a1=(1.760.1)Hz/K
a2=(0.003100.0001)Hz/K2
Forhigheraccuracyoverawidetemperaturerangeanapproximationbya3rdorder
polynomialisrecommended:
f T (T ) f 0 a1 (T T0) a 2 (T T0 ) 2 a 3 (T T0 ) 3
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ReferencecrystalRKOV206
ThereferencecrystalRKOV206isatuningforkcrystal,whosefrequencyhasonlysmall
temperaturedependence.
Thef(T)responseisshowninFig.2asdashedline.Itcanbedescribedbytheequation
f ref (T ) f 0 ref a 2 (T T0 ) 2
with
fref=crystalfrequencyattemperatureT(inC)
f0ref=crystalfrequencyatreferencetemperatureT0,here33225Hz
T0=referencetemperatureT0=(255)C
a2=(0.001200.0001)Hz/K2
Beatfrequency
IfthereferencecrystalRKOV206isusedincombinationwiththesensorcrystalRKTV206,
bothcrystalsareusedinpairswithafrequencydifferenceofabout550Hz@25C.
Ifbothcrystalsaresubjecttothesametemperature,theresultingfrequencydifference
(beatfrequency)betweenRKTV206andRKOV206isshowninFig.2(greendottedline).
ThetemperaturecoefficientofthebeatfrequencyisdepictedinFig.3.Itis15timeshigher
thanthetemperaturecoefficientoftheRKTVfrequencyalone(at25C).
ppm/K
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Temperature / C
Fig.3:TemperaturecoefficientofthebeatfrequencybetweenRKTVandRKOV
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Practicalapplication
Bothcrystalscanbeoperatedseparatelyinasuitableoscillatorcircuit.Therearetwo
recommendedcircuits,thePierceoscillatorwithonelogicinvertergate,andthe
Heegnercircuit,whichusestwologicinvertersinseries.
Pierceoscillatorcircuit
ThebasiccircuitosshowninFig.4.
Fig.4:Pierceoscillatorcircuit
TheresistorRGKisneededtolinearisethetransfercharacteristicoftheinvertergate.Its
typicalvalueisabout1~10MforHCMOSlogicgates.
TheseriesresistorRVisrequiredtoprotectthecrystalfromoverloadbyexcessivecrystal
current,whichcanleadtoapermanentdamageofthecrystal.Itsvalueisintherangeof
about47kto470k.Asthisresistorreducestheloopgain,itmustbeselectedcarefully.
ThetwocapacitorsCX1andCX2areintherangeof4.7pFto10pF.
Thelinebetweenthecrystalterminalsandtheoscillatorcircuitmustbeshort(afewcm)and
havelowacapacitancetogroundandbetweenthetwolines.
Twoinverter(Heegner)circuit
Thiscircuitbasicallyconsistsoftwologicinvertergatesconnectedinseries,andthecrystalis
insertedbetweentheoutputofthesecondinvertertotheinputofthefirstinverter.This
circuitallowstoconnectthecrystalwithsomewhatlongerleadsthanthePierceoscillator.
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IntherealcircuitofFig.5,additionalcomponentsareinsertedtoavoidoverloadingor
damagingofthecrystalandspuriousoscillations.
Fig.5:Twoinverter(Heegner)oscillatorcircuit
ThediodesD1andD2areSchottkytypeslikeBAS4004orsimilar.
Theproposedvaluesoftheothercomponentsare
RF1=RF2=300k
R1=5.1k
C1=10pF
C2=470pF
Thevaluesaregivenforguidanceonly,andmaybeneededtobemodified,dependingon
thelogicgatesused.
Heterodyning(mixing)circuit
Togeneratethebeatfrequency,theoutputsignaloftheRKTVandtheRKOVoscillatormust
beconnectedtoamixer.Theoutputmustbefilteredbyasuitablelowpassfilterwitha
cornerfrequencyofabout2~3kHz.
MixingcanbeaccomplishedbyadigitalmixerusingaquadNANDICasshowninFig.6.
Fig.6:DigitalmixerwithfourNANDs
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TheR1C1lowpassshownintheschematicisonlysymbolicandmaynotprovidesufficient
filtering.
Alternativelythemixingcanbeperformeddirectlybysoftwareinamicrocontroller.
Mosbach,June2014
BerndNeubig
Disclaimer
Thecontentofthisapplicationnoteissolelyforinformationpurposes.Thedeductionofconclusions
andtheirimplementationisinthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.Thereforeanyliabilityclaims
towardsAXTALareexplicitlyexcluded.
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