Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 07, July-2015
Vikas R Nadig
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering
Shimoga, Karnataka, India
Sumukha R A
Sanjith J
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology
Chikmagalur, Karnataka, India
I.
INTRODUCTION
Providing weirs in channel will result in the different flow
types on the channel bed in the downstream. The damage on
the channel bed will take place due the impact of spilled water
from the weir, the downstream component of the weir is
considered as depressed apron.
In hydraulic structures with sluice gates over weirs like
barrages, canal head regulators, cross regulators, etc. generally
dissipate the surplus energy over a stilling basin followed by a
secondary apron. Although stilling basins are designed to
contain the jump the shape and the placement of the secondary
apron governs the typical of the jump, particularly for low tail
water levels. As such, when the tail water level is excessive, as
during the passage of the flood through a barrage, the flow
through a sluice bay is of the submerged typical. As the water
level falls, there is a gradual transition to a free jump. For
further reduction in the tail water level, the jump moves
downstream, eventually forming over the secondary apron.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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1073
the sweep out of the hydraulic jump from the stilling basin
apron. This may manifest adversely by developing low
pressure on the stilling basin floor or may cause excess scour of
the unprotected riverbed on the downstream. An instance of the
first if the stilling of the stilling basin of the Karnafuli project
in Bangladesh [3]. However, the impact on downstream scour
may be so severe as to threaten the stilling basin apron
structure itself by undermining. Hager [1] describes a few
prototype examples where there have been damages to stilling
basin due to low tail water level. For examples, Lock and Dam
number 1, Mississippi River (Minnesota) was originally
equipped with a level concrete apron 10m below the spillway
crest. The apron was too high for classical jump, except for
high discharges. Low discharges caused excessive scour below
the apron, which prompted the addition of a baffle wall within
the basin to force a hydraulic jump under such conditions and
dissipate a part of the energy.
The requirements for considering occurrence of unusual or
abnormal conditions have not been included so far in the Indian
standard for barrage design. However, the United States Army
corps of Engineers [12] manual on design of navigation dams
recommends designing the stilling basin and secondary apron
for the following conditions, which take into account some of
the extraordinary situations:
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III.
EXPERMENTAL PROGRAMME
y1
x1
15 cm
c
y y2
2
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Fig. 5. Figure showing the pressure transducers and switch & display unit
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IV.
RESULTS
Pressure at Point 1 =
981.00 kg/ms2
*g*h = 1000*9.81*0.010 =
Pressure at Point 2 =
971.19 kg/ms2
*g*h = 1000*9.81*0.099 =
Pressure at Point 3 =
971.19 kg/ms2
*g*h = 1000*9.81*0.099 =
Discharge
No.
x1 (cm)
y1 (cm)
y2 (cm)
y'
(cm)
Q (m3/s)
0.100
0.204
0.017
0.054
6.432 x 10-3
0.115
0.210
0.020
0.060
7.534 x 10-3
0.121
0.214
0.025
0.064
8.299 x 10-3
0.135
0.218
0.028
0.068
9.090 x 10-3
0.144
0.224
0.033
0.074
10.319 x 10-3
0.153
0.232
0.038
0.082
12.037 x 10-3
0.170
0.237
0.043
0.087
13.154 x 10-3
0.194
0.247
0.049
0.097
15.486 x 10-3
0.210
0.257
0.056
0.107
17.942 x 10-3
TABLE III.
Discharge
No.
1
2
3
4
Discharge (m3/s)
Point '1'
Point '2'
Point '3'
6.432 x 10-3
406
1070
913
7.534 x 10-3
402
1085
905
8.299 x 10-3
312
875
702
9.090 x 10-3
299
854
672
10.319 x 10-3
277
819
623
12.037 x 10-3
285
866
640
13.154 x 10
-3
265
832
596
15.486 x 10
-3
283
913
636
17.942 x 10
-3
291
970
654
V2
(m/s)
FR1
FR2
6.432 x 10
-3
0.112
1.351
0.079
3.308
7.534 x 10
-3
0.128
1.345
0.089
3.036
8.299 x 10
-3
0.138
1.185
0.095
2.390
9.090 x 10
-3
1.159
0.101
2.210
10.319 x 10
0.164
1.116
0.110
1.961
12.037 x 10
-3
0.185
1.131
0.122
1.852
13.154 x 10
-3
0.198
1.092
0.129
1.681
15.486 x 10
-3
0.223
1.128
0.143
1.626
17.942 x 10-3
0.249
1.144
0.156
1.540
Pressure (kg/ms2)
Froude No.
V1
(m/s)
Q (m3/s)
0.148
-3
5
TABLE I.
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Fig. 9. Side View of the flume showing A-Jump for discharge No.4
Fig. 11. Side View of the flume showing W-Jump for discharge No.8
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TABLE IV.
Type of
Jump
Discharge
No's
Point '1'
Point '2'
Point '3'
A-Jump
1, 2, 3, 4
354.75
971.00
798.00
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
280.20
880.00
REFERENCES
[1]
629.80
[2]
V.
[3]
CONCLUSIONS
W-Jump
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
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[12]
[13]
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