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Ask any adult over forty to make a ....................................................... (COMPARE) between the past
and the present and most will tell you that things have been getting steadily worse for as long as they
can remember. Take the weather for example. Everyone remembers that in
their ..................................................... (YOUNG) the summers were considerably hotter, and that
winter always included ..................................................... (ABOUND) falls of snow just when the
school holidays had started. Of course, the food in those days was far superior too, as nothing was
imported and everything was fresh. ........................................................ (EMPLOY) was negligible,
the money in your pocket really was worth something, and you could buy
a .................................................. (SIZE) house even if your means were limited. And above all,
people were somehow nicer in those days, and spent their free time on
innocent ...................................................... (PURSUE) making model boats and tending their
stamp ..................................................... (COLLECT) rather than gazing at the television screen for
hours on end.
As we know, this figure of the past simply cannot be true, and there are plenty of statistics dealing
with health and .................................................. (PROSPER) which prove that it is not true. So, why is
it that we all have a ..................................................... (TEND) to idealise the past and to be
so .............................................. (CRITICISE) of the present?
COMPARISON, YOUTH, ABUNDANT, UNEMPLOYMENT, SIZEABLE, PURSUITS,
COLLECTIONS, PROSPERITY, TENDENCY, CRITICAL
It's 8.30 at the headquarters of the Boogy Woogers dance group, a ................................................
(REHEARSE) studio in Geneva. Dancers of all shapes and sizes begin to
tumble .................................................. (ENERGY) through the doors. Some begin lumbering up,
others splinter off into groups to try out new moves. One woman, lost in her
own .............................................. (THINK) sits with her headphones on, preparing for the punishing
routines to follow. A long-haired man with a goatee beard puts a tape in the hi-fi, and rap music blares
out of the .................................................. (SPEAK). Soon the room is alive with whirling, spinning
bodies and ....................... (LAUGH) fills the air.
The Boogy Woogers are the brainchild of Tomas Seeler, who handpicked many of his troupe from
local street dancers. Seeler's own ................................................... (BACK) was in gymnastics, but
others come from the worlds of martial arts, bodybuilding and ballet. Many
different .................................................. (NATIONAL) are represented in the group, including
Chilean, Fijian and Senegalese dancers. The group has been performing all over Europe, most notably
in Paris, where they became ................................................. (NIGHT) celebrities. Famous for
their ............................................. (CREATE) and novel interpretations, the Boogy Woogers have
made several ................................................... (APPEAR) on TV, and look set to remain the 'in' thing
for many years to come.
REHEARSAL, ENERGETICALLY, THOUGHTS, SPEAKERS, LAUGHTER, BACKGROUND,
NATIONALITIES, OVERNIGHT, CREATIVE, APPEARANCES
One of the most ................................................. (WORRY) crime statistics in Europe is the rise in
juvenile crime. Often the root cause is addiction to drugs, an expensive habit which often leads
young .................................................... (OFFENCE)
into a life of petty crime. Some
parents, ..................................................... (ABILITY) to cope with their children's addiction have
thrown them out of home, forcing them to live the lives of ................................................. (BEG).
'Kate' (not her real name) is one such person. ..................................................... (HOME) since she
was 18, Kate has had various brushes with the law, most recently for .....................................................
(SHOP), in order to raise cash to fuel a heroin habit. As a result of that transgression, Kate spent two
months in prison, rubbing shoulders with .............................................. (HARD) criminals and
murderers. Kate accepts that she acted ...................................................... (LEGAL) in stealing
computer equipment, and doesn't bear any grudges towards the police. 'It's their job
to ................................................. (FORCE) the law, I understand that. And I'm trying to come to
terms with my addiction.' Kate has come good. Helped by the social services, she hasn't touched any
drugs for the best part of a year. But, sadly, for every Kate there are ten young people for whom prison
is no ..................................................... (DETER) at all.
WORRYING/WORRISOME, OFFENDERS, UNABLE, BEGGARS, HOMELESS, SHOPLIFTING,
HARDENED, ILLEGALLY, ENFORCE, DETERRENT
This year, productivity in the factory has suffered because of a lack of expert technical knowledge. As
a result we have made very substantial ..................................................... (INVEST) in sending
employees on training courses. The fact remains that it is becoming ................................................
(INCREASE) difficult to get skilled labourers with the right ..................................................
(QUALIFY) , experience, and above all, .................................................. (EXPERT). The company
has also suffered this year from the industrial .................................................. (ACT) in November,
which saw 340 union members walk out in a pay dispute. Union .......................................................
(REPRESENT) eventually sat down with management and negotiated a 4 per cent pay rise, but not
until 5 working days had been lost to the strike. As a result of such problems we recognise the need
to ...................................................... (ECONOMY) in certain areas, and, on the advice of our external
...................................................... (CONSULT) , Prior and Young, we have identified the need for at
least 3 departments to be ....................................................... (STREAM). It is thought that this will
mean the loss of between 6 and 10 jobs, though the exact figures and nature of the redundancies will
be .................................................. (CLEAR) in the next report.
INVESTMENTS,
INCREASINGLY,
QUALIFICATIONS,
EXPERTISE,
ACTION,
REPRESENTATIVES, ECONOMIZE, CONSULTANT, STREAMLINED, CLARIFIED
CHALLENGING,
COMMITMENTS,
SOLUTION, ACCOMPANIES,
MEMORABLE, SUGGESTIONS, INSIGHTS, DISTINCTIVE, TRULY
PERSONAL,
There are few experiences as unpleasant as being bitterly cold and dripping wet on board a boat. The
.. (KNOW) that you may be several hours away from warm, dry clothing
is enough to slow down even the toughest sailor.
However, recent .. (SCIENCE) developments in the types of material used
to make waterproof clothes have .. (HOPE) put an end to the
.. (SUFFER) of the sailor. New suits, trousers and jackets have been
designed which allow people to stay warm and dry at sea and can be worn
.. (COMFORT) for days on end.
The new clothing is by no means cheap, but that will not stop it from selling well, and not just in the
sailing market. .. (LIKE) previous types of waterproof clothing, which
tended to leave the wearer hot, sweaty and sticky even after a ..
(RELATIVE) short burst of .. (ENERGY) activity, these new clothes are
manufactured with an .. (ADD) inner layer. This is made of a special
material which allows the clothes to breathe in other words, body heat can escape so that the body
stays dry, but still maintains its .. (WARM) in all weathers.
KNOWLEDGE, SCIENTIFIC, HOPEFULLY, SUFFERING, COMFORTABLY, UNLIKE,
RELATIVELY, ENERGETIC, ADDITIONAL, WARMTH
For business managers, public speaking is part of the job. A survey of 100
.. (LEAD) companies found that chief ..
(EXECUTE) received on average 175 .. (INVITE) a year to speak at
conferences. Some of them love public speaking, but some have an enormous
.. (LIKE) for it.
There are plenty of experts giving .. (ADVISABLE) to them on how to
interest listeners. According to Carmine Gallo, author of a book on public speaking, it is essential to
avoid giving too much information and to keep the audiences ..
(ATTEND). He points to the example of John Chambers, the CEO of Cisco Systems, whose
.. (TECHNICAL) involves walking off the stage and into the audience,
where he asks a question or rests a hand on a persons shoulder in the style of a television talk-show
host. Speaking without notes, he .. (SURE) that he maintains constant eye
contact with his audience.
And then there is the .. (LEGEND) public speaker Herbert Kelleher,
former CEO of Southwest Airlines. He would gather his ideas shortly before a speech, jotting notes on
a pad. People would ask after he spoke, Can I have a copy of the speech?, said Edward Stewart,
senior director of public relations at Southwest. Wed say, ..
(FORTUNE), even Herb doesnt have a copy.
LEADING, EXECUTIVES, INVITES/INVITATIONS, DISLIKE, ADVICE, ATTENTION,
TECHNIQUE, ENSURES, LEGENDARY, UNFORTUNATELY
At 6 am, just after .. (SUN), Jack looked out of the porthole again. If
anything, the sea was looking even .. (CHOPPY) than it had been the night
before. The wind had (INTENSE) and was now accompanied by
. (TORRENT) rain. Jacks heart sank. He felt .
(DREAD) after yet another (SLEEP) night spent tying things down
and praying the yacht wouldnt sink under the . (RELENT) battering of
the wind and waves. With the radio broken, he had no chance of signaling for help and all he had for
company was mile upon (END) mile of mountainous seas between him
and the (SAFE) of port. He realized he was in a
. (DESPAIR) situation.
SLEEPLESS,
(PRIME)
from
making
(OBSERVE) of insects that construct a thin-shelled nest from
tiny pieces of wood fibre. The first . (INDUSTRY) machine for making
paper in a continuous roll was perfected in France in 1799. Since then, the world has had an
. (INTERRUPT) supply of paper. Today paper manufacturers
can offer a wide . (VARY) of paper types, from fine white paper
to tough brown (WRAP) paper. These days, paper-making is no
longer such a time-consuming activity.
TRADITIONALLY,
RESOURCEFUL,
APPARENTLY,
FACTUAL,
PRIMARILY,
OBSERVATIONS, INDUSTRIAL, UNINTERRUPTED, VARIETY, WRAPPING
INSECURITY,
GENEROSITY,
Life in Victorian Britain was . (STIFLE) dull for many women and a
few reacted against its (RESTRICT) by seeking freedom and
adventure in travel. Although she had an otherwise conventional
(BRING UP), Isabella Bird (1831 1904) learnt two skills in childhood which proved to be
. (VALUE) when she grew up. As she was a frail child, a doctor
recommended frequent excursions .. (DOOR), so Isabella learnt to ride
and her clergyman father took her with him on trips round his parish. On these rides he taught her to
be .. (OBSERVE) and exact in her description of nature and people,
attributes which made her later travel writings successful.
At the age of 18 Isabella travelled to the Scottish Highlands to aid her recovery from an operation.
From then on, her life followed a pattern of periods at home plagued by back pain, headaches, and
(SLEEP) interspersed with periods of adventurous travel to
(INCREASE) remote and exotic locations.
The books in which she recounted her journeys met with success and the income from these
supplemented a modest . (INHERIT) from her mother and allowed
her to finance further travels. Her achievements were . (OFFICE)
recognized in 1892 when she and fourteen other ladies were the first women to be invited to join the
Royal Geographical Society.
STIFLINGLY, RESTRICTIONS, UPBRINGING, VALUABLE/INVALUABLE, OUTDOORS,
OBSERVANT, SLEEPLESSNESS, INCREASINGLY, INHERITANCE, OFFICIALLY
When Frank and Vera Jackson met a friendly couple on holiday in Spain also called Frank and Vera
(but with a different surname: Bentley), at first they must have laughed at the ..
(COINCIDE). But when they got into .. (CONVERSE) with their namesakes, they
made some surprising .. (DISCOVER) and realized they had much more in
common. The two couples, both in their .. (SEVENTY) and from the UK, had
booked their trips to Barcelona at the same time. This was not so .. (LIKELY).
However, both couples had had their (WED) at 3 p.m. on July 26 th, 1951. Both
couples each had two daughters, with dates of .. (BORN) in 1952 and 1956, and
six grandchildren. Mr Jackson worked in the car industry in Oxford; Mr Bentley did
. (EXACT) the same job but in Dagenham. Their wives, who had both worked for
the same bank, had both lost their (ENGAGE) rings and were wearing
identical gold watches. Im sure people everywhere lead identical lives, said Mr Jackson, but to
meet our doubles was . (BELIEVE).
COINCIDENCE,
CONVERSATION,
DISCOVERIES,
SEVENTIES,
UNLIKELY,
WEDDINGS, BIRTH, EXACTLY, ENGAGEMENT, UNBELIEVABLE
To ski or snowboard in Colorado is to experience the pinnacle of winter sports. The state of Colorado
is known for its (SPECTACLE) scenery and .
(BREATH) views, which inspire todays travellers as much as they spurred on the .
.. (SETTLE) who first arrived in this part of the US over a century ago. And whether youre
seeking the outdoor adventure of a . (LIFE), exciting nightlife or a great
family getaway, Colorado has everything you need.
November through April, snow conditions are (CONSIST) and reliable,
featuring Colorados . (LEGEND) champagne powder snow.
Extensive snowmaking and grooming operations always keep trails in top shape.
The mountain destinations in the Colorado Rockies can turn your wildest ski dreams into thrilling
. (REAL). There, youll find the best skiing and snowboarding on
. (PICTURE) slopes, as well as the finest ski schools in the US.
Together, they present an .. (PARALLEL) winter paradise. And the best
part is that youll enjoy friendly, (CARE) service in resorts that are
committed to delivering the highest quality amenities.
SPECTACULAR,
BREATHTAKING,
SETTLERS,
LIFETIME,
LEGENDARY, REALITY, PICTURESQUE, UNPARALLELED, CARING
CONSISTENT,
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has been involved in ..
(CONSERVE)
since
its
..
(FOUND)
in
1961.
Its
(INTEND) has always been to protect
(WILD) against the effects of human activity. Working very closely with both expert
. (ECOLOGY) and ordinary local people, the organization aims to help
those animals . (THREAT) by the ..
(DESTROY) of habitats. Economic growth and tourism force some species to the brink of
. (EXTINCT).
(FORTUNE), the WWF work hard to ..
(SURE) that animals such as the giant panda will, in all
(PROBABLE), survive for a few more years yet. Refusing to accept that the problems are
. (SURMOUNT), the WWF works tirelessly on a
. (SEEM) never-ending list of projects, all of which help to protect
the .. (DIVERSE) of life on Earth.
CONSERVATION,
FOUNDATION,
INTENTION,
WILDLIFE,
ECOLOGISTS,
THREATENED,
DESTRUCTION,
EXTINCTION,
FORTUNATELY,
ENSURE,
PROBABILITY, INSURMOUNTABLE, SEEMINGLY, DIVERSITY
Albert Einsteins work has enormously . (BROAD) our
understanding of the universe and has had a . (CONSIDER) impact
on all our lives. Thanks to his (EQUATE) E=mc, we now know that
energy and mass (or matter) are directly related to each other. To a very great ...
(EXTEND), it is Einstein who is responsible for our now knowing that space and time are actually
one thing: space-time. .. (ADD), without E=mc, we would not have
nuclear power and nuclear weapons today.
Einstein did not become famous because of E=mc, which was first published in 1905. At the time, his
paper was (LARGE) ignored, even by most scientists. Indeed, it was
14 years later that Einstein first made headlines round the world, when scientific
.. (EVIDENT) began to show that his Theory of General Relativity, which
was an .. (EXTEND) of his 1905 paper, was correct.
The idea that only a tiny . (MINOR) of scientists can understand Einsteins
theories comes from this media reporting. The New York Times asked its golfing correspondent to
cover the story. As he was clearly out of his . (DEEP), he presumed that
everyone else was too. A myth was born.
Space, time, energy and mass are (WEIGH) subjects no pun
intended to get to grips with, but Einsteins ideas are not impossible to understand by any means.
The implications of Einsteins work for our lives, however, may well be
(FINITE).
BROADENED, CONSIDERABLE, EQUATION, EXTENT, ADDITIONALLY, LARGELY,
EVIDENCE, EXTENSION, MINORITY, DEPTH, WEIGHTY, INFINITE
There are many moral issues which remain .. (RESOLVE) to this day.
One of these is voluntary euthanasia. Lets say there is a patient who has a terminal disease. All
possible treatments known to science are (EFFECT). Theres no cure
and no hope. The patients death from this disease at some point in the future is
(AVOID). Most of us would say that, as long as the patient is fairly
comfortable and pain-free, theres no moral issue. But what if the patient is in extreme agony? They
cannot live (DEPEND) of machines and 24-hour care. What if the
patient (RESOLVE) and continually asks for their life to be brought to
an end by doctors? Should the doctors refuse? At present, in most countries, there are laws against
voluntary euthanasia. But from a moral point of view, we have to acknowledge that there is a
problem. Do the doctors really have the right to be .. (SENSE) to the
patients wishes?
On the other hand, .. (OPPOSE) of voluntary euthanasia argue that
scientific (KNOW) is increasing all the time. An incurable disease one
day may be curable the next. They also argue that if the law was changed, the
. (RESULT) situation would put doctors in a much worse position.
They currently have no choice. Do we as a society have the right to expect doctors to
(HAND) such a difficult and complex issue?
UNRESOLVED,
INEFFECTIVE,
UNAVOIDABLE,
INDEPENDENT,
,
INSENSITIVE, OPPONENTS, KNOWLEDGE, RESULTING, HANDLE
(CHARITY)
donations.
Some
people
have
raised
(OBJECT) to this, saying that such an .
(VALUE) service should be government-funded.
APPARENT
(APPROVE)
parents
refused
to
attend
her
wedding.
always
borne
him
some
without
any
(PROVOKE)
at
all.
The air was full of ... (EVOKE) smells of flowers and freshly cut grass.
EVOCATIVE
Conditions have improved (CONSIDER) over the past few years.
CONSIDERABLY
Children who are . (NOURISH) with chronic diarrhoea have defective
gastric acid secretion. MALNOURISHED/UNDERNOURISHED
Why do they put so many .. (ADD) in processed food? ADDITIVES
If we .. (LARGE) the photo, youll see his face in much more detail.
ENLARGE
Court costs were equally .. (PORTION) between them. APPORTIONED
Dont you think its a bit early to . (PORTION) blame? APPORTION
Your comments may well have done . (REPAIR) damage to
management-union relations. IRREPARABLE
Bedrooms are . (SPACE) and traditional although bathrooms are small,
with hip baths or shower. SPACIOUS
Top executives are generally provided with . (SPACE) offices and
secretarial and support staff. SPACIOUS
The rumours are completely . (SUBSTANCE) and I would urge
everyone not to believe them. INSUBSTANTIAL
Your credit card bill provides a record of all financial . (ACT) carried
out in the previous month. ACTIVITIES
Although we feel that the Earth is stationary, in fact this is .
(ILLUSION). Were moving through space, and spinning, all the time. ILLUSORY/ILLUSIVE
Too many families in this country still suffer from financial ... (HARD).
HARDSHIP
Being the hardest natural substance, diamond is practically ..
(DESTROY) INDESTRUCTIBLE
Alfie does have a .. (TEND) to get upset if he loses. TENDENCY
I dont see why someone should be given .. (PREFER) treatment at
an airport just because theyre famous. PREFERABLE
I was given the .. (ENVY) task of telling the team that funding had
been withdrawn from the project. UNENVIABLE
The minister tried to (PLAY) the dispute saying it was just a minor
disagreement. DOWNPLAY
I hate going clothes shopping with Carlo hes so . (CHOICE) that
he takes hours to find anything he likes. CHOOSY
Im afraid I left the chicken in the oven a bit long so its a little (DO).
OVERDONE
I wouldnt describe myself as a . (SPORT) person, but I do enjoy the
occasional game of golf. SPORTY
A .. (MOTIVE) learner is less likely to retain the content of the
lesson than one who is enthusiastic about his or her learning. UNMOTIVATED
The cricket ground and the theatre make this a very . (DESIRE) area
to live in. DESIRABLE
My family have always gone in for traditional country .. (PURSUE),
such as hunting, shooting and fishing. PURSUITS
What I like about Stravinskys music is the (RHYTHM) complexity,
which has a powerful effect on the listener. RHYTHMIC(AL)
After ten matches, we had the .. (ENVY) record of played ten, won
none, lost ten. UNENVIABLE
I know youd rather take your holiday in August, but when the boss is offering you extra days off, I
dont think you can afford to be so .. (CHOICE). CHOOSY
You dont need to be quite so . (ZEAL) in your work, and you might
find you enjoy it more if you take a little time off. ZEALOUS
You dont have time to do all the sports youd like to so, youre going to have to be a bit
(SELECT) SELECTIVE
After dinner, we went for a .... (LEISURE) stroll along the seafront.
LEISURELY
I dont mind Annabel spending time on her computer, but playing this latest game has become almost
an . (OBSESS). OBSESSION
Theo and his brother are always together. Theyre completely .
(SEPARATE). INSEPARABLE
Its very . (PERCEIVE) of you to notice that Seans not his usual self.
PERCEPTIVE
There was a long legal battle over the .. (INHERIT), but in the end I
did get quite a bit of money. INHERITANCE
I think saying that all black people are lazy is a very . (RACE)
remark, to be honest. RACIST
Despite his (APPEAR) lack of concern, I think Gabriel really does
care what other people think of him. APPARENT
Dont feel that youre being (LOYAL) to Sharon if you tell me
whats bothering you about her. DISLOYAL
If you have any complaints about your neighbour, take them to your residents
(ASSOCIATE), where they should be able to advise you further.
ASSOCIATION
Marvin used to be quite wild, but hes . (RELATE) calm these days.
RELATIVELY
According to Lionel, losing his job and then getting divorced were
(CONNECT), but I think theres probably a link. DISCONNECTED/UNCONNECTED
Young animals very quickly form a strong (ATTACH) to their
mothers. ATTACHMENT
What I dont like about school uniform is that it
.. (INDIVIDUAL) INDIVIDUALITY
completely
destroys
all
Well find out how much the jewellerys worth at the (VALUE) next
Thursday.
Now the governments ... (CLASS) the papers, we can find out what
really happened. DECLASSIFIED
Being Director of the National Gallery is an . (AWE)
responsibility, but thankfully I have a number of highly experienced experts to help me. AWESOME
There were some very interesting clay ... (ART) dating from the
third century BC at the museum. ARTEFACTS
Stage fright is an understatement! Performing on stage for the first time was the most
(TERROR) experience Ive ever had. TERRIFYING
Dont throw away consumer packaging. Most of its . (USE) if you
use a little creativity. REUSABLE
Theres a (QUALITY) difference between photography and stilllife drawing. QUALITATIVE
The local people then leave the clay to . (HARD) in the sun, creating
simple bricks. HARDEN
The attack in the city centre last night .. (EXAMPLE) the kind of
behaviour amongst young people that many object to. EXEMPLIFIED
I was a bit (MORAL) by my performance in the first exam, but I
decided to make an extra effort in the ones left. DEMORALIZED
When confronted with a mass of red tape, many people feel a sense of ..
(POWER). POWERLESSNESS
I really believe that it would be a major mistake to .. (CRIME) any
drugs that are currently illegal. DECRIMINALIZE
Local elections can often seem .. (SIGNIFY), but in fact they send an
important signal to the government. INSIGNIFICANT
Suddenly, without .... (PROVOKE), the dog sank its teeth into my leg.
PROVOCATION
Theres so much fighting between rival groups that the country has become practically
... (GOVERN). UNGOVERNABLE