Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
INDROTUCTION
I.
1.
THEROY
There are 8 Na + ions at the corner and each corner atom shared by 8 unit cells.
Hence contribution of corner atoms is (i.e.
1
8
8= 1)
And 6 face centered atoms & each shared by two unit cells. Hence contribution of
face centered atom is (i.e. 6
1
6
= 3)
2.
4 Na + 4 Cl = 8
Co-ordination Number = 6
Some common material like MgO, FeO, LiF exhibits this structure.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
3.
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
4.
(n
34 r3+ ) + (n 34 r3 )
a3
Where n = 4
a)
The space lattice of NaCl structure is FCC, with basis consist of Na+ and Cl , One
located at lattice point (0, 0, 0) and other at one half of the body
diagonal of the
cube.
b)
sub-
(0, 0, 0) and one composed of Cl ions having their origin at , say, (2a , 0, 0)
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
d)
e)
acquires
a excessive +ve charges while Cl-atom accepts one e from Na and, acquire ve
charge .
f)
There are electrostatic force of attraction between the opposite charges and
strong repulsive forces between the electronic shells of two ions
when they
come closer.
g)
resulting
in stable structure.
1.
(i.e.
1
8
8= 1)
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
And there are 4 inside atom which is not shared by any other unit cell
Hence n = 1 + 3 + 4 = 8
No.of atoms
Unit cell
2.
=8
entered
corner atom.
Hence,
Co-ordination Number = 4
For any corner atom of diamond, three nearest neighbours are face
atom and one nearest neighbours is inside atom belonging to
entered
atoms do
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
= 3a2
INDROTUCTION
AB 2 = 3a
Hence length of body diagonal is 3a .
And
1
4
, Body diagonal = 2r
3a = 2r
4
r =
3a
Atomic Radius =
4.
n 34 r3
a3
For Diamond ,
n = 8, r =
3a
n 34
8
3
(4
APF =
APF = 0.34
a3
a)
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
4.
INDROTUCTION
Void Space :
Void Space
= (1 APF)
= (1 0.34)
= 0.66
5.
Packing Efficiency :
Packing efficiency = 34 %
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
III.
a)
b)
c)
d)
structure.
quarter of
body diagonal.
e)
1.
1
6
1
8
= 3)
4 Zn + 4 S = 8
1
4
Cell.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
2.
INDROTUCTION
3.
Co-ordination Number = 4
Hence, S-present at
4.
1
4
th of body diagonal
1
rZn + rs = 3 a
4
Atomic Radius (r) = + =
(nzn
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
IV.
a)
atoms in
Another similar layer B can be placed on top of layer A such that the
layer B occupy the alternate valleys formed by the atoms of
c)
atoms of
layer A.
If a new layer is placed on top of the B-layer such that each atom of it is exactly
above the atoms of layer A, then this new layer will be exactly identical to the layer
A & this type of stacking is repeated successively .
d)
e)
This type of stacking is called HCP stacking & the structure is known as
Hexagonal close packed structure.
[Note : In FCC the third layer is not identical to A
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
1.
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
1
6
1
)=2
6
There are two hexagonal face centered atoms and which is shared by two unit
cells. Hence contribution of face centered atom to the unit cell
= 2 (2
1
)=1
2
And three atoms are forming a triangle in the middle layer are there in the body
to cell and they are not shared by adjacent cells. Hence,
No.of atoms
Unit cell
2.
=2+1+3=6
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
3.
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
5.
r =
a
2
Atomic Radius =
a
2
n 34 r3
Volume of unit cell
---(1)
---(2)
Area of ABC =
1
2
base height
Draw r AD to BC .
Sin 60 =
AD
=
AB
AD
a
---(3)
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
THEROY
Height of ,
AD = a sin 60
AD =
3a
--- (4)
Area of ABC =
1
2
3a
3a2
AO =
&
AM = 2r = a
From AOM,
AD
AM 2 = AO2 + OM 2
2
2
h 2
= ( AD) + ( )
3
2
2
2 3 a
h 2
= (
) + (2)
3 2
h2
4
2a2
3
--- (5)
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
INDROTUCTION
a
3
--- (6)
3a2
+ ( a)
3
= 32 a3
4.
= 32 a3
n 34 r3
When, n = 6, r =
APF =
n 34
a
2
3
(4
a)
32 a3
6 34 (2a )
32 a3
APF = 0.74
, Volm = 32 a3
APF =
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
5.
INDROTUCTION
Void Space :
Void Space
= (1 APF)
= (1 0.74)
= 0.26
6.
Packing Efficiency :
Packing efficiency = 74 %
THEROY