April 21, 1526

March 17, 1527

Dec. 26, 1530
July 11, 1543
1554
July 23, 1555
Jan. 17, 1556
Nov. 5, 1556
1560s - 1570s
Oct. 27, 1605
1613
1615
1620s
1627
1632
1632
1644
1658
1660s-1690s
1671
1696
March 3, 1707
Feb. 27, 1712
Feb. 11, 1713
1713 - 1719
Feb. 28, 1719
June 13, 1719
Sept. 19, 1719
Sept. 27, 1719
Oct. 9, 1720
Oct. 12, 1722

1728 - 1763
Feb. 13, 1739
March 11, 1748
Apr. 26, 1748
May, 1754
June 2, 1754
June 3, 1754
1756
Nov. 29, 1759
Oct. 10, 1760
Oct. 1760 - 1806
Oct. 23, 1764
Nov. 19, 1806
Sept. 28, 1837
1857
1858

First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi,Sultan of Delhi, and foundsMughal Empire

Battle of Khanwa,Baburconquers combined army of theRajputprinces and takes control of much

northern India
Babur dies, is succeeded by son Humayan
Pashtunleader Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan, drives him into exile inAfghanistan
Humayan travels toPersia, hosted bySafavidemperor
Discord among Sher Shah Suri's successors allows Humayun to retake control of northern India, be
to Mughal throne
Humayan falls down stairs and dies, succeeded by 13-year-old son Akbar, laterAkbar the Great

Second Battle of Panipat, child Emperor Akbar's army defeats Hemu's Hindu forces
Akbar consolidates Mughal rule over much of northern and central India, as well as what is now Pak
andBangladesh
Akbar the Great dies, succeeded by his son Jahangir
TheBritish East India Companydefeats Portuguese at Surat, Gujarat State and establishes first wa
in India
Britain sends first ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, to Mughal court
Mughal art reaches high point under Jahangir's rule
Emperor Jahangir dies, succeeded by sonShah Jahan
Shah Jahan orders destruction of newly-built Hindu temples, breaking with Mughal record of religiou
tolerance
Shah Jahan designs and begins buildingTaj Mahalas tomb for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal

British East India Company builds Fort St. George in Madras (now Chennai), southeast coastal India

Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, for the rest of his life in the Red Fort at Agra
Aurangzeb expands Mughal rule to more than 3.2 million square km, including Assam, theDeccan
and parts of southern India
Aurangzeb orders construction of the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore, now in Pakistan
Establishment of British East India Company's Fort William on Ganges delta, fort and trading factor
becomes Calcutta (Kolkata)

Death of Aurangzeb marks end of Mughal Golden Era, beginning of slow decline; he is succeeded b
Bahadur Shah I
Bahadur Shah I dies, succeeded by incompetent son Jahandar Shah
Jahandar Shah is executed by agents of nephew Farrukhsiyar, who takes Mughal throne
Weak-willed Emperor Farrukhsiyar falls under control of Syed brothers, two generals and king-make
had helped depose Jahandar Shah

Syed brothers have Emperor Farrukhsiyar blinded and strangled; his cousin Rafi ud-Darjat becomes
Mughal emperor

19-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Darjat is murdered at Agra after just three months on throne; Syeds ap
brother Rafi ud-Daulah to succeed him
Syeds kill 23-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Daulah after three months on throne
Syed brothers place 17-year-old Muhammad Shah on Mughal throne, rule in his name until 1720
Emperor Muhammad Shah orders Syed Hussain Ali Khan killed at Fatehpur Sikri

Emperor Muhammad Shah has Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha poisoned to death, takes power in his o

Mughal-Maratha Wars; Marathas seize Gujarat and Malwa, raid Delhi

Nader Shah of Persia invades India, wins Battle of Karnal, loots Delhi, steals Mughal Peacock Throne

Battle of Manipur, Mughal Army defeats Durrani invasion force from Afghanistan
Emperor Muhammad Shah dies, succeeded by 22-year-old son Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Battle of Sikandarabad, Marathas defeat Mughal Imperial Army, kill 15,000 Mughal troops
Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur deposed and blinded byVizierImad-ul-Mulk; former emperor spend
life in prison, dying in 1775
Imad-ul-Mulk appoints Alamgir II, the 55-year-old second son of Jahandar Shah, as the new Mughal

British make lurid charges about imprisonment and death of 123 British and Anglo-Indian troops by
captors inBlack Hole of Calcutta; story likely fabricated
Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha ruler Sadshivrao Bhau conspire to murder Alamgir II, place Aurangzeb's
grandson Shah Jahan III on Mughal throne

Shah Jahan III deposed after less than a year, but survives until 1772; succeeded by Alamgir II's so
Alam II
Emperor Shah Alam II, in alliance with Durranis, works to restore glory of Mughal Empire
Battle of Buxar,British East India Companydefeats combined army of Emperor Shah Alam II and th
nawabs of Awadh and Bengal

Emperor Shah Alam II dies, marking end of effective leadership from Mughal Dynasty; he is succee
hapless son Akbar Shah II, who is puppet of the British
Akbar Shah II dies at age of 77, succeeded as puppet ruler by son Bahadur Shah II
Use of pork and/or beef fat on army cartridges sets off "Sepoy Mutiny" orIndian Revolt
British use Indian Revolt of 1857 as pretext to exile last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to
Rangoon,Burma; Mughal dynasty ends