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Conference
on
Antimicrobial
crobiology,
Agents
and
DC: American
1994
Chemotherapy
Society for Mi
anti
33
34
35
36
40
1993;
gamma-interferon.
61:1185-93
Neumunaitis J, Meyers JD, Buckner CD, et al. Phase I trial of
recombinant human macrophage colony stimulating factor in
patients with
invasive
907-13
fungal
41 Bernhisel-Broadbent J,
42
aspergillus sinus
therapy with inter
44 Chusid
granulocyte metabolism in a man with disseminated aspegillosis. J Lab Clin Med 1981; 97:730-38
Sleep
Pulmonary, Sleep,
634
Selected
Reports
Age
kg/m2
AHI,
Baseline
46
29
35
42
33
37.03.1
46.7
35.2
36.9
38.5
35.7
38.62.1
80
109
117
105
126
107.47.7
BMI,
Testing
In the laboratory, split-night polysomnograms were recorded
for all five patients. Monitoring was accomplished using two EEG
leads, two electro-oculogram leads, a submental electromyogram,
a snoring microphone, an airflow thermistor, chest and abdomi
nal Piezo electrode bands, pulse oximetry, an ECG, and bilateral
anterior tibialis electromyogram. All 5 patients had severe sleep
apnea during a baseline period of a minimum 2 h of sleep. The
events per
apnea/hypopnea index was 107.47.7 (meanSEM)
hour of sleep with a nadir 02 saturation of 75.22.7%. The apnea
duration ranged from 10 to 45 s. The mean duration of the
longest event of each record was 35 s. Mean sleep efficiencyofwas
84%, with a range of 60 to 98% during the baseline portion the
record. In three of the five studies, rapid eye movement sleep was
not seen during the baseline portion of the record; thus, the
degree of sleep apnea may have been underestimated in these
patients. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was
titrated during the second half of the study. The optimal pressure
ranged from 12.5 to 20 cm H20. The apnea/hypopnea index at
the optimal CPAP pressure was 10.62.7 with a nadir 02
saturation of 91.21.2% (Table 1).
Results of Treatment
The patients were seen 1 to 2 weeks after the sleep study and
nasal CPAP was started at home. They were again seen for
reported
follow-up examination in 1 to 4 months. All the patients
complete resolution of snoring, daytime sleepiness, and enuresis
with use of CPAP.
DISCUSSION
To date, there are a maximum of 17 cases of enuresis
associated with sleep apnea reported in adults.511 The
general
early reports of enuresis are included in severalfrom
the
reviews and case series about sleep apnea
same institution. Therefore, it is possible that some
patients may have been included in more than one
report. It is not clear, however, who experiences enure
sis and why. This study presents five men with OSA and
enuresis who presented to the sleep center over a
the closest calendar year,
period of 12 months. During
1,561 polysomnograms were recorded. Of these, 775
studies were initial studies establishing a diagnosis of
OSA in an adult patient. Although a positive history of
enuresis unrelated to other medical disorders was doc
umented in only five patients, the absence of this
symptom was not always documented in other patients.
Therefore, the true incidence of this symptom cannot
AHI With
CPAP*
Nadir 02 %,
With CPAP*
82
74
74
66
70
10
10
2
19
12
92
89
93
88
94
73.22.7
10.62.7
91.21.2
*p<0.005 compared to baseline. Data is expressed as MeanSEM. BMI=body mass index; AHI=apnea/hypopnea index
CHEST/114/2/AUGUST, 1998
635
venous
stimuli, among
pressure,
response
other variables, is necessary. It has been shown, how
ever, that sleep fragmentation alone (not associated
with respiratory disturbance) impairs the arousal re
sponse to acoustic and respiratory stimuli in humans
and animals.26'27 The patients presented in this study all
had very severe OSA with frequent arousals.
In summary, severe OSA may lead to new-onset enure
sis in adults. The enuresis resolves with successful treat
ment of the sleep apnea. Further research in human
subjects is necessary to fully elucidate the pathophysio
logic features of this disorder.
1
References
Guilleminault C, Eldridge FL, Simmons FB, et al. Sleep
apnea in eight children. Pediatrics 1976; 58:23-30
2 Weider
airway obstruction.
J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
DJ. Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of
Int
1985; 9:173-82
4 Timms
provoked by an
obstructive
sleep
syndrome. J Urol
Eldridge FL, Tilkian A, et al. Sleep apnea
due to
1995; 153:1236
7 Guilleminault C,
8
apnea
syndrome
upper airway obstruction. Arch Intern Med
1977; 137:296-300
Yokoyama O, Amano T, Lee S, et al. Enuresis in an adult
636
Selected
Reports
Soc
13
Nephrol
1993; 4:1111-21
1988; 148:1337-40
14 Follenius M, Krieger J, Krauth
76:31-37
16
17
164-68
20 Lin C, Tsan K, Lin C. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor
21
severe
obstructive
24
25
to
27
emphasized.
Case Report
A 36-year-old man with a history of hypertrophic obstructive
At the
where he underwent a myomeetomy
at
of
atrial
lead
was
cut
the
the
surgery,
junction the superior
vena cava and right atrium as recommended, with the inten
tion of removing the retention wire. The rest of the lead was
109:
1490-96
26
and Pacing,
Electrophysiology
of Medicine, University of
Department
Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester.
received November 21, 1997; accepted December
Manuscript
17, 1997.
Correspondence to: Edward Gerstenfeld, MD, UMMC, Division
of Cardiology, 55 Lake Avenue Noi~th, Worcester, MA 01655
*From the Section of Cardiac
Division of Cardiology,
CHEST/114/2/AUGUST, 1998
637