IMPACT OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGICAL GADGETS IN PRESENT DAY COMPUTING

(A Case study of Nokia Plaza Owerri, Imo State)

ABSTRACT
The whole world is going mobile. Phones, computers and media devices now fit in our
pockets and can connect us to a variety of information sources and enable
communication nearly everywhere we go. There is considerable interest in exploiting
the almost universal appeal and abundance of these technologies for societal use.
Given the dynamic and evolving nature of the mobile technology field, it has already
proven itself a powerful and efficient tool that accelerates achievement of project
objectives and ultimately of development goals. Efficiency and data quality gains have
been accepted as the norm for many applications, and the frontier of possibilities
expands daily. Mobile computing technology offers you a quick and easy way to
increase efficiency, productivity and profitability while gaining better control of your
operations. This project tends to points out the impacts of mobile technology in present
day computing.

CHAPTER ONE
1.0
1.1

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Mobile computing technologies allows people to use IT without being tied to a single
location. Any business with staff that works away from the office can benefit from using
it.
Whether you are travelling to meetings, out on sales calls, working from a client's site or
from home, mobile devices - can help you keep in touch and make the most productive
use of your time.
Mobile IT devices can also change the way you do business - new technologies lead to
new ways of working, and new products and services that can be offered to your
customers.
The most familiar aspect of mobile computing technology is the hand phone. About two
decades ago, a hand phone was bulky and was only used for voice communication. It
was merely an extension of the fixed line telephony that allowed users to keep in touch
with colleagues. Now the hand phone is not only used for voice communication, it is also
used to send text and multimedia messages. Future mobile devices will not only enable
Internet access, but will also support high-speed data services.
In addition to the hand phone, various types of mobile devices are now available, for
example, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and pocket personal computers (PCs).
Road warriors use mobile devices to access up-to-date information from the corporate
database. A police officer at a crime scene may send a fingerprint picked up there for
matching with data in a central database through a wireless network, hence leading to
faster identification and arrest of potential suspects. The global positioning system
(GPS) is used in search and rescue missions, for monitoring and preservation of wildlife,
and for vehicle theft prevention. Though many of us are unaware of when mobile
computing technology is being used, it has permeated all aspects of our lives.
Mobile computing is the use of a wireless network infrastructure to provide anytime,
anywhere communications and access to information. There are many aspects of
mobile computing and, sometimes, different terms are used to refer to them.

More and more users and businesses use smartphones as communication tools but
also as a means of planning and organizing their work and private life. Within
companies, these technologies are causing profound changes in the organization of
information systems and therefore they have become the source of new risks. Indeed,
smartphones collect and compile an increasing amount of sensitive information to which
access must be controlled to protect the privacy of the user and the intellectual property
of the company.
Different security counter-measures are being developed and applied to smartphones,
from security in different layers of software to the dissemination of information to end
users. There are good practices to be observed at all levels, from design to use, through
the development of operating systems, software layers, and downloadable apps.

1.2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most problems that led to this work include:

Quality of connectivity: Most of the time that we happen to find ourselves in an
area where there is limited network, we find to difficult to carry our PCs around but
with our mobile devices which might need either Wi-Fi connectivity or mobile
network connectivity such as GPRS, 3G and in some countries even
4G connectivity.
Power Consumption: Due to the consumption of power by most PCs, these do
not tend to last long, if in a situation where there is no source of power for
charging or use them in the case of desktop, then that will certainly be a letdown.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The primary aim of this project work is to determine the place of mobile technological
gadgets in todays computing. Most other objectives derivable from this study include:
To understand the extent to which mobile phones cell has come in making life
easy.
To understand why people prefer handheld device to big PCs in recent times.
To know most unseen facts behind the use of mobile technological gadgets e.g.
rate of power consumption.
1.4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this fast moving world mobile phones have become a basic need for almost all. Due
to great development in mobile technology, mobile phones especially smart phones can
perform almost all applications equivalent to a computer. Apart from basic facilities like
calling and messaging, now people are provided with extra facilities like access to social
media like twitter and Facebook. Mobiles are very useful for contacting people, storing
your personal and official information, web browsing, sending mails etc. SMS is the
main application used by most of the youngsters today. It is the best and effective way to
reach wider range of people within a second and its very simple compared to other
applications like MMS, e-mail, Bluetooth etc. Most advantages of the work include:
It provides easy Communication access to Friends, Family, and Coworkers
It provides Constant Internet Access anytime anywhere provides there mobile
phone network in your area
It comes with a lot of Applications and the All-in-One Device
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
A number of factors hinder the progress of this work. Most of the difficulties encountered
during this work include:
Unwillingness of the respondent to release basic and necessary facts.
Cost of sourcing of information from relevant journal, materials, internet and
respondent at the administrative area is exorbitant.
Insufficient material at the school library as most books in the library are irrelevant
of this study.
The stress of combining lectures and research work has not been easy.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to determine the place of mobile phones gadgets in todays
computing. Its no secret that smartphones are everywhere these days. The research
covers a broad area and it concentrates on the following:
Concept of Mobile Technology
Uses of Mobile phones
Review on different kinds of Mobile technologies
Mobile Power consumption and internet connectivity
1.7 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gadget: This is a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, but is
often thought of as a novelty. Gadgets are sometimes referred to as gizmos
Handheld computer: This is a computer that can conveniently be stored in a pocket (of
sufficient size) and used while you're holding it.

Mobile phone: This is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio
link while moving around a wide geographic area.
Smartphone (or smart phone) is a mobile phone with an advanced mobile operating
system.
Technology: This is the collection of techniques, methods or processes used in the
production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as
scientific investigation.

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
(Robbins 2009), Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular communication.
Mobile code division multiple access (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly over the
past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone
from being no more than a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS
navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a
handheld game console. Many experts argue that the future of computer technology
rests in mobile computing with wireless networking. Mobile computing by way of tablet
computers are becoming more popular. Tablets are available on the 3G and 4G
networks (Darrell, 2013).
Mobile technology is exactly what the name implies - technology that is portable.
Examples of mobile IT devices include:
laptop, tablets and netbook computers
'smart phones'
global positioning system (GPS) devices
wireless debit/credit card payment terminals
Mobile devices can be enabled to use a variety of communications technologies such
as:
wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) - a type of wireless local area network technology
Bluetooth - connects mobile devices wirelessly
'third generation' (3G), 'fourth generation' (4G), global system for mobile
communications (GSM) and general packet radio service (GPRS) data services data networking services for mobile phones

 dial-up services - data networking services using modems and telephone lines
virtual private networks - secure access to a private network
It is therefore possible to network the mobile device to a home office or the internet
while travelling.
2.1.1 Advantages of mobile technologies
Mobile computing can improve the service you offer your customers. For example, when
meeting with customers you could access your customer relationship management
system - over the internet - allowing you to update customer details whilst away from the
office. Alternatively, you can enable customers to pay for services or goods without
having to go to the till. For example, by using a wireless payment terminal diners can
pay for their meal without leaving their table.
More powerful solutions can link you directly into the office network while working off
site, for instance to access your database or accounting systems. For example, you
could:
set up a new customer's account
check prices and stock availability
place an order online
This leads to great flexibility in working - for example, enabling home working, or
working while travelling. Increasingly, networking 'hot spots' are being provided in public
areas that allow connection back to the office network or the internet. The growth of
cloud computing has also impacted positively on the use of mobile devices, supporting
more flexible working practices by providing services over the internet. For more
information see our guide on cloud computing.
2.1.2 Disadvantages of mobile technologies
There are costs involved in setting up the equipment and training required to make use
of mobile devices. Mobile IT devices can expose valuable data to unauthorised people if
the proper precautions are not taken to ensure that the devices, and the data they can
access, are kept safe. See our guide on securing your wireless systems.

2.2

Mobile Phone Gadgets

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, hand phone, or simply
a phone) is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while
moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network
provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network.
By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private
base station (Darrell, 2013).
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other
services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless
communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming, and photography.
Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to
as smartphones.
The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr. Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 4.4 pounds (2 kg). In
1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1983 to
2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from zero to over 7 billion,
penetrating 100% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic
pyramid.[4] In 2014, the top cell phone manufacturers were Samsung, Nokia, Apple, and
LG
2.2.1 Features
All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also seek
product differentiation by adding functions to make them more attractive to consumers.
This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years.
The common components found on all phones are:
A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions.
An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most
common input mechanism is a keypad, but touch screens are also found in most
smartphones.
A screen which echoes the user's typing, displays text messages, contacts and
more.
Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text
messages.

 All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among
devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-UIM.
Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely
identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.
Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic
telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native
software applications became known as smartphones.
2.2.2 Uses of Mobile Phones
Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family
members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an
emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as
for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage
of the benefits of different calling plansa particular plan might provide cheaper local
calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming (Robbins 2009). The mobile
phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society, for example:
A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second
phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones may be
used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business
dealings.
Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile
phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.
The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the cell phone novel;
the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via text messaging to a
website that collects the novels as a whole.
Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism being explored by
Reuters and Yahoo! and small independent news companies such as Jasmine
News in Sri Lanka.
The United Nations reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any
other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in
developing countries by providing access to information in places where landlines
or the Internet are not available, especially in the least developed countries. Use
of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing work,
such as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.

 In Mali and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to
let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other events, which are
now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which is usually greater than
land line penetration.
The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing
through mobile apps, advertising, social tv, and mobile TV. 86% of Americans use
their mobile phone while watching TV.
In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in urban
India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobiles among
their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs
and traditional gender roles play a part. It is common for a village to have access
to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, but
available to all members of the village for necessary calls.
2.3

Smartphones

A smartphone (or smart phone) is a mobile phone with an advanced mobile operating
system (McLaughlin, 2009). They typically combine the features of a cell phone with
those of other popular mobile devices, such as personal digital assistant (PDA), media
player and GPS navigation unit. Most smartphones have a touchscreen user interface
and can run third-party apps, and are camera phones. Smartphones from 2012 onwards
also have high-speed mobile broadband 4G LTE internet web browsing, motion sensors,
and mobile payment mechanisms.

2.4

Mobile operating systems

1. Android
Android is an open-source platform founded in October 2003 by Andy Rubin and backed
by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC,
ARM, Motorola and Samsung) that form the Open Handset Alliance. In October 2008,
HTC released the HTC Dream, the first phone to use Android. The software suite
included on the phone consists of integration with Google's proprietary applications,

such as Maps, Calendar, and Gmail, and a full HTML web browser (Ian King, 2014).
Android supports the execution of native applications and third-party apps which are
available via Google Play, which launched in October 2008 as Android Market. By Q4
2010, Android became the best-selling smartphone platform.
2. iOS
iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for
Apple hardware. It is the operating system that powers the company's iDevices. In 2007,
Apple Inc. introduced the iPhone, the first device to use iOS and one of the first
smartphones to use a multi-touch interface. The iPhone was notable for its use of a
large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction, instead of a
stylus, keyboard, or keypad as typical for smartphones at the time. In 2008, Apple
introduced the App Store, which allowed any iPhone to install third-party native
applications (Ian King, 2014). Featuring over 500 applications at launch, the App Store
eventually achieved 1 billion downloads in the first year, and 75 billion by mid-2014. In
January 2015, Apple announced that they have now sold one billion iOS devices.
3. Windows Phone
In 2010, Microsoft unveiled Windows Phone 7 with a User Interface inspired by
Microsoft's "Metro Design Language", to replace Windows Mobile. Windows Phone 7
integrates with Microsoft services such as Microsoft SkyDrive, Office, Xbox and Bing, as
well as non-Microsoft services such as Facebook, Twitter and Google accounts. This
software platform runs the Microsoft Mobile smartphones, and has received some
positive reception from the technology press and been praised for its uniqueness and
differentiation. In 2012, Microsoft released Windows Phone 8, replacing its previously
Windows CE-based architecture with one based on the Windows NT kernel with many
components shared with Windows 8, allowing applications to be ported between the two
platforms.
4. BlackBerry
In 1999, RIM released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email
communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide
the integration of all communications into a single inbox. In September 2012, RIM
announced that the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped (Ian King, 2014).
As of September 2014, there are around 46 million active BlackBerry service

subscribers. Most recently, RIM has undergone a platform transition, changing its name
to BlackBerry and making new devices on a new platform named "BlackBerry 10."
5. Firefox OS
Firefox OS (originally called the boot to gecko project) was demonstrated by Mozilla in
February 2012. It was designed to have a complete community based alternative
system for mobile devices, using open standards and HTML5 applications. The first
commercially available Firefox OS phones were ZTE Open and Alcatel One Touch Fire.
As of 2014 more companies have partnered with Mozilla including Panasonic (which is
making a smart TV with Firefox OS) and Sony.
6. Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch (also known as Ubuntu Phone) is a mobile version of the Ubuntu
operating system developed by Canonical UK Ltd and Ubuntu Community. It is designed
primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
2.5

Future of smartphone

The next generation of smartphones is going to be context-aware, taking advantage of

the growing availability of embedded physical sensors and data exchange abilities. One
of the main features applying to this is that the phones will start keeping track of your
personal data, but adapt to anticipate the information you will need based on your
intentions. There will be all-new applications coming out with the new phones, one of
which is an X-Ray device that reveals information about any location at which you point
your phone. One thing companies are developing software to take advantage of more
accurate location-sensing data (McLaughlin, 2009). How they described it was as
wanting to make the phone a virtual mouse able to click the real world. An example of
this is where you can point the phone's camera while having the live feed open and it
will show text with the building and saving the location of the building for use in the
future.
Along with the future of a smart phone comes the future of another device. Omnitouch is
a device in which applications can be viewed and used on your hand, arm, wall, desk, or
any other everyday surface. The device uses a sensor touch interface, which enables
the user to access all the functions through the use of finger touch. It was developed at
Carnegie Mellon University. This device uses a projector and camera that is worn on the
person's shoulder, with no controls other than the user's fingers.

2.6

Mobile Devices and Its Advances

A mobile device is a small computing device, typically small enough to be handheld (and
hence also commonly known as a handheld computer or simply handheld) having a
display screen with touch input and/or a miniature keyboard and weighing less than 2
pounds (0.91 kg). Samsung, Sony, HTC, LG, Motorola Mobility and Apple are just a few
examples of the many manufacturers that produce these types of devices.
A handheld computing device has an operating system (OS), and can run various types
of application software, known as apps. Most handheld devices can also be equipped
with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC and GPS capabilities that can allow connections to the
Internet and other devices, such as an automobile or a microphone headset or can be
used to provide Location-based services. A camera or media player feature for video or
music files can also be typically found on these devices along with a stable battery
power source such as a lithium battery. Increasingly mobile devices also contain
sensors like accelerometers, compasses, magnetometers, or gyroscopes, allowing
detection of orientation and motion.
Early pocket-sized devices were joined in the late 2000s by larger but otherwise similar
tablet computers. Input and output of modern mobile devices are often combined into a
touch-screen interface.
Smartphones and PDAs are popular among those who wish to use some of the powers
of a conventional computer in environments where carrying one would be impractical.
Enterprise digital assistants can further extend the available functionality for the
business user by offering integrated data capture devices like barcode, RFID and smart
card readers. Most of these mobile devices include tablet computers, e-readers, and
smartphones.
2.6.1 Tablet computers
Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to be portable. However, they provide a
different computing experience. The most obvious difference is that tablet computers
don't have keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire screen is touch-sensitive,
allowing you to type on a virtual keyboard and use your finger as a mouse pointer.

Tablet computers can't necessarily do everything traditional computers can do. For
many people, a traditional computer like a desktop or laptop is still needed in order to
use some programs. However, the convenience of a tablet computer means it may be
ideal as a second computer. Below are some of the main features you can expect with a
tablet computer.
Mobile OS: Different types of tablets use different operating systems. Examples
include Android and iOS. You'll usually be able to download free updates to your
OS as they become available.
Solid-state drives: Tablet computers usually use solid-state drives, which allow
the computer to boot up and open programs more quickly. They are also more
durable than hard disk drives.
Wi-Fi and 3G/4G: Because they are optimized for Internet use, tablet computers
have built-in Wi-Fi. For a monthly fee, you can also purchase a 3G or 4G data
plan, allowing you to access the Internet from almost anywhere.
Bluetooth: In order to save space, tablet computers have very few ports. If you
want to use an external keyboard or other peripherals, they will often use a
wireless Bluetooth connection.
2.6.2 E-Book readers
E-book readersalso called e-readersare similar to tablet computers, except they are
mainly designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books). Examples include
the Amazon Kindle and the Barnes & Noble Nook.
E-book readers have either an e-paper display or an LCD display.
E-Paper: Short for electronic paper, this type of display can usually only display
black and white. It is designed to look a lot like an actual page in a book. Unlike
an LCD display, it is not backlit, so the text stays readable even if you're outdoors
in full sun. Many people consider e-paper to be more pleasant to read because it
causes less eye strain. However, it generally can't be used for videos or other
applications because the refresh rate is too low.
2.6.3 Smartphone
A smartphone is a powerful mobile phone that is designed to run a variety of
applications in addition to providing phone service. Smartphones are basically small
tablet computers, and they can be used for web browsing, watching videos, reading ebooks, and playing games.

Smartphones use touchscreens and operating systems similar to those used by tablet
computers. Many of them use a virtual keyboard, but others have a physical keyboard,
which allows the entire screen to be used for display purposes.
Internet access is an important feature of smartphones. Generally, you will need to
purchase a 3G, 4G, or LTE data plan in addition to normal cell service. Smartphones
can also connect to Wi-Fi when it is available; this allows you to use the Internet without
using up your monthly data allotment.
2.7 Power Consumption of Mobile Devices
Power consumption is one of the most critical aspects of a mobile device, and requires a
huge amount of thought and effort throughout development. The first step of this
development took place at the component selection phase of the process. Before we
even began, we created an extremely-detailed power usage model for our device, to
help us pick the right components.
Our actual model is a gigantic spreadsheet, but it can be mostly distilled down into these
two graphs:

Fig 3.1: A typical Power Consumption Graph of a Mobile Devices

Once an hour, for a few seconds, the device powers up its wireless interface and
synchronize its data to Whistle's servers. This uses ~200x as much power as when the
dog is at rest, but it only occurs during a tiny percentage of the time that the device is inuse.

Since the battery is about 2/3 of the entire volume of our device, these component
decisions were critical to determining the physical size of our device. This model allowed
us to compute our theoretical power targets, which in turn determined the size of the
Whistle device.
Here are a few common smartphone tasks and their average power consumption (not
including display):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.8

A one-minute phone call: 1054mW

Sending or and receiving email over mobile network: 610mW
Video playback: 454mW
Sending and receive email over Wi-Fi: 432mW
Audio playback: 320mW
Sending a text message: 302mW
Measurement of power consumption

Most developers dont know how to determine how much power their app is consuming
at any given time. There are two ways this can be done. The first way is to connect
special power measurement hardware like this on the battery terminals of your mobile
device. This is an accurate way to measure the total power consumption of everything
running on your device. However, there are software-based methods for doing the same
thing, which are much easier and less expensive. For example, mobile apps like Trepn
Profiler, Power Tutor or Little Eye are capable of monitoring power consumption of an
individual application, or the total power usage of the device. If you develop using
Eclipse, there are no-cost plug-ins like Trepn, which make it easy to monitor the overall
battery consumption, while visualizing the impact of each mobile subsystem.
2.9

Power Management for Mobile Devices

Wireless mobile devices are approaching an impasse. With the convergence of new
computing, communication and entertainment applications on wireless handsets, power
demands are increasing rapidly, yet the capacity of batteries cannot keep up. At the
same time, consumers want sleek, compact mobile devices they can slip into a pocket.
Integration at the chip level--often combining multiple processing cores in the same
device--and smaller, submicron fabrication processes help to reduce the size of wireless
handsets while enabling added functionality. Unfortunately, smaller submicron
processes exacerbate the problem of static leakage power. Manufacturers of wireless

handsets and other mobile devices are challenged to reduce power consumption while
enhancing system performance. In other words, do more for less.
Such rapid integration both in silicon and software space is posing a significant design
problem for power management engineers. Power management no longer remains a
hardware-only problem; rather it has become a system problem and being addressed by
all engineers involved in system design process. Power management decisions are
being taken at both hardware and software level. Techniques are invented and deployed
in both hardware and software. Increasing focus towards system aspects of cellular
phones forced designers to take a holistic and dynamic approach to power management
to effectively decrease power consumption without degrading performance.

2.10 Internet Connectivity

Internet connectivity connects individual computer terminals, computers, mobile devices,
and computer networks to the Internet, enabling users to access Internet services, such
as email and the World Wide Web. Internet service providers (ISPs) offer Internet
access through various technologies that offer a wide range of data signaling rates
(speeds).
Consumer use of the Internet first became popular through dial-up Internet access in the
1990s. By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations
used faster, broadband Internet access technologies. As of 2014, broadband was
ubiquitous around the world, with a global average connection speed exceeding 4 Mbit/s

2.11 Mobile Web/Internet

The mobile web refers to access to the world wide web, i.e. the use of browser-based
Internet services, from a handheld mobile device, such as a smartphone or a feature
phone, connected to a mobile network or other wireless network.
Mobile Web access today still suffers from interoperability and usability problems.
Interoperability issues stem from the platform fragmentation of mobile devices, mobile
operating systems, and browsers. Usability problems are centered on the small physical
size of the mobile phone form factors (limits on display resolution and user

input/operating). Despite these shortcomings, many mobile developers choose to create

apps using mobile Web.
2.12 Benefits of Mobile Internet Connectivity
Instant Access Everywhere
With a data plan, you can use cellular signals to access the Internet, giving you virtually
access anywhere: in cars, restaurants, airports and coffee shops.
Portable
When you are out of the house or your place of business, read and reply to email,
complete any research, get directions or visit your favorite social networking sites all
from your cell phone.
Backup
Cellular access to the Internet always provides you with a backup in case of
emergencies. At home, your desktop or laptop computer dies. In the two weeks that it
will take for repairs, you can still be connected to the Internet through your cell phone.
Use as a Wireless Modem
Many cell phones with data plans can be connected or tethered to your laptop to act as
a wireless modem. Instead of paying an hourly fee at your local coffee shop or to your
ISP for Wi-Fi access, you can connect your cell phone to the laptop for free Internet
access.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1

Introduction

This section is basically designed to show all facts and figures concerning the research
procedures. Every research work depends largely on the information available to the
researchers. It is these data so far gathered that will then be processed into meaningful
information, the method through which the researcher collects and analyse data is
known as Data collection method,
Research methodology stated the various methods employed during data collection for
the study and statistical techniques for analysis of the data. It is the detailed description
of what the analysis planned and carried out in his/her study.
According to Nkpa (1997) research is a process of generating findings, which are used
for rational decision making and as a springboard for further research. Therefore,
research methodology is a structured approach of arriving at a dependable solution to
problems through the planning and interpretation of data. It is also a detailed description
of what the researcher planned and procedures adopted in actualizing a particular
project work.
3.2 Method of Data Collection
These include research methods that help the researcher to gather information that will
help him/her in the course of the research. Some of the methods used in collecting data
for this research work include:
a)
Interview
b)
Questionnaire
3.2.1 Interview Method

This is a method through which a researcher gets in contact with the respondent from
whom the information is to be obtained and record as first-hand information. Some of
the staff and customers in Nokia Plaza could not give me the opportunity to monitor their
reactions over the use of most mobile technology as they see it as a distraction so they
decided to grant me an interview for any discussion with them.
3.2.2 Questionnaire
This refers to the tool or instrument which the researcher used in collecting data used in
the study
3.3 Research Design
This study is designed to study the ways of applying marketing strategies in non-profit
organization. The data was collected from a sample which is a representative of the
entire population.
3.4

Re-statement of the Research Questions

Most problems that led to this work include:

Quality of connectivity: Most of the time that we happen to find ourselves in an
area where there is limited network, we find too difficult to carry our PCs around
but with our mobile devices which might need either Wi-Fi connectivity or mobile
network connectivity such as GPRS, 3G and in some countries even
4G connectivity.
Power Consumption: Due to the consumption of power by most PCs, these do
not tend to last long, if in a situation where there is no source of power for
charging or use them in the case of desktop, then that will certainly be a letdown.
3.5 Area of Study
The area of study for this research work is Imo State Polytechnic (Orlu Campus)
3.6 Population of Study
The population of this study is made up of almost all the staffs of Imo State Polytechnic
(Orlu Campus) and a small percentage of known customers are included. Copies of
questionnaire were distributed and a total of 70 questionnaires were given out.
3.7 Sample and Sampling
A sample size is a smaller group of individuals selected from the population for actual
inclusion in the study, and the sample size is derived from the entire population of study
which is 70
Therefore the researcher decides to determine the sample size using the yaro yamens
formula.

The formula is n =

N
2

1+N (e)
Where,
n = Desired sample size
e = Margin of error
N = Population size
1 = Constant
For this work, the margin of error is 5% (0.05) determination of sample size
n

=N
1+N (e)2
70
1+70(0.05)2
70
1+70(0.0025)
=

70
1.175
Therefore, the sample size is 60.

59.5 approximately 60

3.8 Method of Data Analysis

After the data have been collected, they are to be edited. After edition a quick idea of the
information conveyed by the data are to be obtained by presenting it in many forms. In
this research work, the data collected will be presented, analyzed, and interpreted in the
following order:

General description of data.

Relating the data to research question.

Interpretation and discussions through the use of table, percentages and simple
average.

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter is used to present all the information gathered during the survey;-the
questionnaires respondents, the interview respondents responses, and to analyze the
data and determines the relevance of the information collected. The presentation of
information is done in table, during the analyses with simple percentages.
To gather much information, the researcher used questionnaires to obtain relevant
information on the topic. One hundred and thirty three (60) copies of questionnaires
were printed and distributed. Out of these copies administered, only ninety (50) were
completed and returned while the remaining 10 were either not properly completed or
not returned.
4.2 Research Questions
Question One: Is there need for the incessant use of mobile technological devices?
Table 1
Response
No of Response
Percentage
Yes
41
82%
No
9
18%
Total
50
100%
From the table above, 82% representing 41 respondents (both staff and customers)
agreed that there is need for the continuous use of mobile devices while 18%
representing 9 respondents choose the option of No.
Question Two: To what extent has this technologies been rated in computing?
Table 2

Response

No
of Percentage
Response
Extremely rated high
36
72%
On the same rate with 10
20%
others
No rate at all
4
8%
Total
50
100%
From the table above, 72% representing 36 respondents agreed that mobile
technologies has taken computing extremely to a high rate, 20% representing 10
respondents said that there impact is on the same rate of level with other technologies
while 8% representing 4 respondents pick the option that the impact of these newest
technologies has not been felt as the former.
Question Three: How do customers feel when buying or they must have bought these
devices?
Table 3
Response
No of Response
Percentage
Feel Good and 50
100%
Happy
Feel bad
0
0%
Total
50
100%
From the table above, the entire respondents believe that they feel good when they
want to buy or when they must have bought these devices.
Question Four: How would consider the rate of battery consumption of mobile devices?
Table 4
Response
No of Response
Percentage
Very Strong 37
74%
Not Strong
13
26%
Total
50
100%
From the table above, 74% representing 37 respondents agreed that battery life of
mobile devices is very strong while 26% representing 13 respondents disagree.
Question Five: Would you encourage people to switch to mobile technological devices?
Table 5
Response
No of Response
Percentage
Yes
44
88%
No
6
12%
Total
50
100%
From the table above, 88% representing 44 respondents said that they would
encourage people to consider mobile devices while 12% representing 6 respondents
said they would not.

4.3 Interpretation of Data

The response gotten from the respondent has been carefully analyzed above and
presented using tables and percentages. From the analysis made, it can deduce that;
There is need for the continuous use of mobile devices.
Mobile technologies have taken computing extremely to a high rate.
They feel good when they want to buy or when they must have bought these
devices.
Battery life of mobile devices is very strong.
They would encourage people to consider mobile devices.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
This presentation provides an overview of mobile computing technology as it exists
today and reviews the promises of tomorrow. The most familiar aspect of mobile
computing technology is the hand phone. About two decades ago, a hand phone was
bulky and was only used for voice communication. It was merely an extension of the
fixed line telephony that allowed users to keep in touch with colleagues. Now the hand
phone is not only used for voice communication, it is also used to send text and
multimedia messages. Future mobile devices will not only enable Internet access, but
will also support high-speed data services.
In addition to the hand phone, various types of mobile devices are now available, for
example, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and pocket personal computers (PCs).
Road warriors use mobile devices to access up-to-date information from the corporate
database. A police officer at a crime scene may send a fingerprint picked up there for
matching with data in a central database through a wireless network, hence leading to
faster identification and arrest of potential suspects. The global positioning system
(GPS) is used in search and rescue missions, for monitoring and preservation of wildlife,
and for vehicle theft prevention. Though many of us are unaware of when mobile
computing technology is being used, it has permeated all aspects of our lives.
5.2 Conclusion
The emergence of portable computers and laptops, personal digital Assistants (PDA),
PC Tablets and Smartphones, has in turn made mobile computing very convenient. The
portability of the devices ensures and enables user to access all services as if they were
in the internal network of their company for example, the use of Tablet Pc and Ipads.
This new technology enables users to update documents, surf the internet, send and

receive e-mail, stream live video files, take photographs and also support video and
voice conferencing.
The constant and ever increasing demand for superior and robust smart devices has
been as a catalyst for market share. Each manufacturer is trying to curve a niche of
them in the market. These devices are invented and innovated to provide top of the
class applications and services. With cellular phones, different manufacturers have
come up with unique Smartphones that are capable of performing the same tasks as
computers and at the same processing speed. The market share for different
competitors is constantly being fought for. For example the manufacturers of Apple's
Iphone OS, Google's Android' Microsoft Windows Mobile, Research In Motion's
Blackberry OS, are constantly competing to offer better products with each release.
5.3 Recommendations
The essence of mobile computing is to work from any location. The use of Ipads,
Tablets, Smartphones, and notes books, have in turn pushed the demand for these
devices. Modern day workers have such devices that enable them carry out their work
from the confines or comfort of their present location. These devices are configured to
access and store large amounts of vital data. It is therefore recommended that mobile
devices should be adopted so as to improve the collaborative participation, especially in
data acquiring, of people in their space and rate of battery consumption: where they live
or where they work

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