The limit of sequences

1. Given lim un = a and lim vn = b. Prove that:

n

u1 vn + u2 vn1 + + un v1
= ab
n
n
lim

Using the above result to prove lim

n

lim n u1 u2 un = a

u1 + u2 + + un
= a and if un > 0 then
n

2. Find the limits of the following sequences

(a) an =
(b) an =

1
n+1
n
P

+ +
1
n2 +2k

k=1

(c) an =
(d) an =
(e) an =

1
n3

1
2n

n
P

k[kx], with x R and [] is integer portion.

k=1

n
P
k=1
n
P
k=1

1
arctan k2 +k+1

arctan 2k12

3. Consider the convergence of the following sequences.

1
1
1
+ 2 + + 2
2
2
3
n
1
1
1
= 1 + 2 + 3 + + n
2
3
n


 

1
1
1
= 1
1
1 n
2
4
2


 

1
1
1
= 1+
1+
1 + n
2
4
2

1
1
1
= 2 n + + + +
n
1
2

1
1
1
= 2 n + 1 + + + +
n
1
2
1 1
1
= 1 + + + +
ln n
2 3
n1
1 1
1
1
= 1 + + + +
+ ln n
2 3
n1 n


2
n+1
2
2n
= n+1 2 +
+ +
and find the limit of this sequence.
2
2
n

(a) an = 1 +
(b) an
(c) an
(d) an
(e) an
(f) an
(g) an
(h) an
(i) an

4. Given {an } is the recurrent sequences.

1

2(2an + 1)
, (n N)
an + 3

= 1, a2 = 2, an+1 = an1 + an , (n 2)
1
1
= 0, a2 = , an+1 = (1 + an + a3n1 ), (n 2)
2
3
1
= 2, an+1 = 2 +
, n1
1
3+
an

= 2, an+1 = 2 + an
an1 + an2
= a, a2 = b, an =
2

= a, a2 = b, an = an1 an2

(a) a1 = 1, an+1 =
(b) a1
(c) a1
(d) a1
(e) a1
(f) a1
(g) a1

To prove {an } is convergent and find the limit.

1
5. Given {an } is bounded satisfies an+1 an n , n N. Prove that {an } is
2
convergent.
6. Given {an } is bounded satisfies an+1 21 (an + an1 ), n N. Prove that {an } is
convergent.
7. Given {an } is the recurrent sequences.
a1 = b, an+1 = a2n + (1 2a)an + a2
Find a so that the sequence is convergent and operation of the limit in this case.
8. Given {an } is the recurrent sequences.
a0 = 0, a1 = 1, an = 2an1 an2 + 1
Prove that A = 4an an2 + 1 is square number for all n 2.
9. Prove theorem Stolz: Let sequences an , bn satisfies
(i) bn is increasing and lim bn = +.
n

(ii) lim

an an1
= l.
bn bn1

an
= l.
n bn
Using theorem Stolz to find the limit of the following sequences.


(i) lim 1n 1 + 12 + + 1n
Prove that lim

1k + 2k + + nk
with k N
n
nk+1
1 + 12 + + n1
(iii) lim
n
ln n
(ii) lim


(iv) lim

1 k
n
(1 + 2k + + nk )
k
n
k+1


with k N

10. Find partial limit, inferior limit and superior limit of the following sequences.


(i) an = (1)n1 2 + n3

n
(ii) an = (1)n 1 + n1


(iii) an = cosn 2n
3
(1 + cos n) ln 3n + ln n
ln 2n
 2
2
2n
2n
(v) an =

, [] is integer portion.
7
7

(iv) an =

11. Given {un } is positive and bounded satisfying un+m un um for all n, m. Prove
that un converges.

The limit of function and continuous function

1. The computation of the following limits.

3
1 + 3x 3 1 2x
(a) lim
(e)
x0
x + x2

(b) lim
x2 + 1 x2 1
x
(f)

5
1 + 3x4 1 2x

(c) lim
3
(g)
x0
1+x 1+x

n
a+x nax
, nN
(d) lim
(h)
x0
x

3
lim

x0

lim

x0

lim

x0

lim

x0

a2 + ax + x2 3 a2 ax + x2

a+x ax

n

n
1 + x2 + x
1 + x2 x
x

n
n
a+x ax
,a>0
x

n
1 + ax k 1 + bx
,a>0
x

2. The computation of the following limits by using the fundamental limits.

 1
1 + tan x sin x
lim
x0
1 + sin x

x
lim sin x1 + cos x1
x+

1
1 + x2 x x2
lim
x0
1 + x3 x
 cos x  12
x
lim
x0 cos 2x

(e) lim (tan x)tan 2x

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3. Let

(
0
f (x) =
1

x 2

h

icot 2x
(f) lim tan
+x
x0
4

1
(g) lim cos x x2
x0

(h) lim sin 2x

tan2 2x

x 4

if x is irrational number,
if x is rational number.

Show that lim f (x) does not exist for any a.

xa

4. Prove that lim cos x, lim sin x, lim tan x arent existence.
x

5. Consider continuity of the following functions.

(
| sin x|
0
if x I ,
if x 6= 0,
(a) f (x) =
(c) f (x) =
x
sin |x| if x Q .
a
if x = 0.
(
(


if x =
6 0,
x2 1 if x I ,
cos2 x1
(d) f (x) =
(b) f (x) =
a
if x = 0.
0
if x Q .
6. Survey continuity and classification of discontinuity points of the following functions.

(a)

f (x) =

|2x 3|
2x 3
(
1
if x 6= 0
(e) f (x) = x
1 if x = 0.

x2
x

(d) f (x) =

(b) f (x) = e x
(
x
if x 6 1
(c) f (x) =
ln x if x > 1.

7. Survey uniformly continuity of the following function on (0, 1]

(a) f (x) = x sin x1

(d) f (x) = cot x

(b) f (x) = e x

(e) f (x) = cos x cos x

(c) f (x) = ln x

(f) f (x) = ex cos x1

8. Survey uniformly continuity of the following function on [0, +)

(a) f (x) = x
(e) f (x) = sin x
(b) f (x) = x sin x

(f) f (x) = sin(x sin x)

(c) f (x) = sin(x2 )

(g) f (x) = esin(x

(d) f (x) = sin(sin x)

(h) f (x) = ex arctan x

2)

9. Prove that Dirichlet function.

(
1 if x Q
f (x) =
0 if x I
isnt continuous at any point.
10. For example a continuous function and bounded on (0, 1] but this function isnt
uniformly continuous.
11. Find to f (x) = x is uniformly continuous on [0, +).
12. Given f is continuous on [a, +) and there

lim f (x) is finite. Prove f is

x+

bounded and uniformly continuous on [a, +).

13. Given f, g are uniformly continuous on A. Prove that
(a) f + g, f g are uniformly continuous on A.
(b) f g is uniformly continuous on A if f, g are bounded on A.
(c) Assertion (b) is not true when one of the two functions are not bounded.
Give examples of this case.
14. Show that every odd order polynomial always exist at least one real solution.
15. Let f, g are continuous on [a, b] satisfies f (a) < g(a) and f (b) > g(b). Prove that
f (x) = g(x) has solution on [a, b].
16. Let f : [0, 1] [0, 1] is continuous. Show that f (x) = x has solution on [0, 1].
5

17. Let f (x) = xn + an1 xn1 + + a0 with n even. Prove that there exists y such
that f (y) f (x) for all x.
18. Let f, g : [0, 1] [0, 1] are surjective and continuous. Prove that there exists x0
such that f (g(x0 )) = g(f (x0 )).

Differential calculus
1

The Derivative of functions

1. Compute the derivative (if there exist) of the following functions.
(a) f (x) = x|x| for x R.
p
(b) f (x) = |x| for x R.

(h) y = arctan(ln x).

(c) f (x) = ln |x| for x R\ {0}.

(j) y = arcsin x2 + arccos x2 .

(i) y = et cos(t).

1
for |x| > 1.
(d) f (x) = arccos |x|

(k) y = xx .

(e) f (x) = logx 2 for x > 0 and x 6= 1. (l) y = xsin x .

(

x
(m) y = 1 + x1 .
x2 sin x1 if x 6= 0,
(f) f (x) =

0
if x = 0.
(n) y = x x.
x

(g) f (x) = x cos x1 vi x 6= 0.

(o) y = xx .

2. Show that the function y = xex satisfies the equation xy 0 = (1 x)y.

3. Show that the function y =

1
1+x+ln x

4. Show that the function y = xe

x2
2

satisfies the equation xy 0 = (y ln x 1)y.

satisfies the equation xy 0 = (1 x2 )y.

5. Compute the derivative of implicit functions.

(
(
2at
x = 1+t
x = 2t 1
2
(a)
(d)
with a 6= 0.
a(1t2 )
3
y=t
y = 1+t2
(
(e) x3 + y 3 = a3 .
x = a cos2 t
(b)
y = b sin2 t
(f) x3 + xy + y 2 = 0.
(
y
1
(g) ln x + e x = c.
x = t+1
(c)
t 2
(h) ey = x + y.
y = ( t+1
)
6. Find the derivative x0 (y) if
x

(a) y = 3x + x2 .

(c) y = x + e 2 .

(b) y = x 21 sin x.

(d) y =

5x1
.
32x

After compute x0 (y) at y = 1.

(
x = a(t sin t)
7. Let
(a > 0). Calculate y 0 (x) when t = 2 .
y = a(1 cos t)
8. Find y 0 (x) at indicated points.

(a) (x + y)3 = 27(x y) at M(2,1).

(b) yey = ex+1 at M(0,1).
(c) y 2 = x + ln xy at M(1,1).
9. Consider differentiable of the following functions.
(
arctan x
if |x| 1,
(a) f (x) =
x1
sgn x + 2
if |x| > 1.
4
(
2
x2 ex
if |x| 1,
(b) f (x) = 1
if |x| > 1.
e
10. Find a, b, c, d to function f is differentiable on R.

if x 0,
4x
2
f (x) = ax + bx + c if 0 < x < 1,

3 2x
if x 1.
11. Define the domain which exist the inverse function x = x(y) of function y = x+ex .
Calculate x0 (y).
12. Find the limit of the following sequences.
(1 + x)5 (1 + 5x)
(a) lim
x0
x2 + x5

(g) lim

(1 + mx)n (1 + nx)m
(b) lim
x0
x2

ln (2 + e3x )
(h) lim
x+ ln (3 + e2x )

(c) lim

x 3

(x + 1) (x2 + 1) ... (xn + 1)

(i) lim x x .
x+

n+1

[(nx)n + 1] 2

n
1 + x n 1 + x
(d) lim
x0
x

n
1 + x m 1 + x 1
(e) lim
x0
x
sin mx
(f) lim
x sin nx
x

tan3 x 3 tan x


cos x + 6

(j) lim x 1x .
x1

(k) lim+ xsin x .

x0

x2 sin x1
.
x0 sin x
x sin x
(m) lim
.
x x + sin x
(l) lim

13. Prove that the following functions is twice differentiable.

( 1
e x2 if x 6= 0,
(a) f (x) =
0
if x = 0.
( 1
e x if x > 0,
(b) f (x) =
0
if x 0.

(
1
1
e xa + xb
(c) f (x) =
0

if x (a, b),
if x
/ (a, b).

14. Compute y 00 (x) of the following function.

(
(
x = ln t
x = cos 2t
(a)
(b)
2
y=t
y = sin2 t
15. Find y 00 at point (1, 1) if x2 + 5xy + y 2 2x + y 6 = 0.
16. Find y 00 at point (0, 1) if x4 xy + y 4 = 1.
(
x = ln t
17. Find y (n) (x) of function
.
y = tm
18. Calculate dn f of the following functions.
2x + 1
x3
3x 1
(b) f (x) = 2
x + 3x 4
(a) f (x) =

(c) f (x) =

x3 3x2 + 5x 7
3x2 + x 4

(d) f (x) = ln(x2 3x + 2)

Properties of differential calculus

1. Exercises 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11 in book of A.Zorich, from page 232 to page 234.
2. Exercises 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 343, 344, 345, 346, 351, 355, 356, 359 in book of
exercises of Tran Duc Long, Nguyen Dinh Sang, Nguyen Viet Trieu Tien, Hoang
Quoc Toan.

3 . Let f : [a, +) R has derivative of up to order 2 satisfies

i/ lim f (x) = L.
x+

ii/ |f 00 (x)| M for all x [a, +).

Prove that lim f 0 (x) = 0.
x+

Application of differential calculus

1. Exercises 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 in book of A.Zorich, from page 261 to page 263.
2. Prove inequalities Cachy and Bunhiacopski by using convex function.