Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ
$00(
(IIHFWRIEDFNXSUDWLRDQGFXWWHUWLSUDGLXVRQXQLIRUPEHQGLQJ
VWUHQJWKGHVLJQRIVSXUJHDUV
53UDEKX6HNDUD*0XWKXYHHUDSSDQE
D
5HVHDUFK VFKRODU0DFKLQHGHVLJQVHFWLRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ,QGLDQ,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\&KHQQDL,QGLD
E
3URIHVVRUU0DFKLQHGHVLJQVHFWLRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ,QGLDQ,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\&KHQQDL,QGLD
$EVWUDFW
,Q WKHKLJKHU VSHHG UDWLRDQGSURILOHVKLIWHGJHDUGULYHVWKHPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV LQWKHSLQLRQDQGWKHJHDULVQRWHTXDO7KH
ORDGFDUU\LQJ FDSDFLW\RIWKHJHDUGULYHVFDQ EHLPSURYHGE\UHPRYLQJ WKLV XQEDODQFHGPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV 7KLV SDSHU KDV
H[SODLQHG DQLGHDWRUHPRYHWKLV XQEDODQFHGPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV DQGGHVLJQWKHVSXUJHDUGULYHVZLWKXQLIRUPILOOHWVWUHQJWK
7KLVXQLIRUPILOOHWVWUHQJWKRIWKHJHDUGULYHFDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\FKDQJLQJWKHWRRWKWKLFNQHVVRIEDVLFUDFNVRQWKHSLWFKOLQHV
IURPWKHVWDQGDUGWRRWKWKLFNQHVVPLQWRDQRQVWDQGDUGRQHNJFPNJF7KHLQIOXHQFHRIJHDUSDUDPHWHUVVXFKDV
EDFNXSUDWLRFXWWHUWLSUDGLXVDQGDGGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUV RQWKHPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVKDVEHHQDQDO\]HGWKURXJK)(0
ZLWKGLIIHUHQWYDOXHVRIWRRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWDQGILQDOO\WKHRSWLPXPYDOXHRIWRRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWDUHVXJJHVWHGIRU
WKHJLYHQVSXUJHDUGULYHWKDWLPSURYHWKHILOOHWFDSDFLW\LQ EHQGLQJ
2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00(
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014
.H\ZRUGV )LQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHO/RDGVKDULQJUDWLR0D[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV6SXUJHDU7RRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQW7RRWKORDGFDUU\LQJFDSDFLW\
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU*0XWKXYHHUDSSDQ
(PDLODGGUHVV MPYU#LLWPDFLQ
2211-8128 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014
doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.352
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
1641
0DLQWH[W
%HQGLQJ VWUHQJWK FDSDFLW\ RI WKH JHDU LV D IXQFWLRQ RI WRRWK VWUHQJWK DQG ULP VWUHQJWK &UDFN LV RQH WKH IDLOXUH
PRGHLQWKHJHDUWRRWKWKDWLQLWLDWHVDWWKHWRRWKILOOHWDQGSURJUHVVWKURXJKWKHULP GXHWRKLJKPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV
GHYHORSHG DW WKH ILOOHW UHJLRQ ,I WKH EDFNXS ULP WKLFNQHVV LV ORZ WKH URRW FUDFN ZLOO SURSDJDWH WKURXJK WKH ULP
RWKHUZLVHWKHIDLOXUHPRGHDVWKHWRRWKURRWIDLOXUH7KHERWKWRRWKURRWDQGULPIDLOXUHVFDQEHUHGXFHGE\SURYLGLQJ
HQRXJKWRRWKURRWWKLFNQHVVDQGULPWKLFNQHVV *HQHUDOO\ WKHPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVHVLQWKHSLQLRQDQGWKHJHDULV
GLIIHUHQW LQWKH KLJKHUJHDUUDWLRDQGSURILOHVKLIWHGJHDUGULYHV
1RPHQFODWXUH
DZ
&HQWHUGLVWDQFHIRUFRUUHFWHGJHDUVPP
<RXQJVPRGXOXV03D
KD
$GGHQGXPRIWKHJHDU
KI
GHGHQGXPRIWKHJHDU
*HDUUDWLR
NJF
7RRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWRQWKHSLWFKOLQHRIWKHEDVLFUDFNIRUJHDU
NSF
7RRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWRQWKHSLWFKOLQHRIWKHEDVLFUDFNIRUSLQLRQ
0RGXOHPP
P%
%DFNXSUDWLR
SE
%DVHSLWFKPP
UDJ
5DGLXVDWWKHDGGHQGXPFLUFOHRIWKHJHDU
UEJ
5DGLXVDWWKHEDVHFLUFOHRIWKHJHDU
,QSXWWRUTXH1PP
[S
$GGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUSLQLRQ
[J
$GGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUJHDU
]J
1XPEHURIWHHWKLQWKHSLQLRQ
]S
1XPEHURIWHHWKLQWKHJHDU
3UHVVXUHDQJOHDWSLWFKSRLQW'HJUHH
3UHVVXUHDQJOHDWUHIHUHQFHOLQHIRUWKHFRUUHFWHGJHDUV'HJUHH
FRQWDFWUDWLR
3RLVVRQVUDWLR
&XWWHUWLSUDGLXV
)LQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHO
+367&
+LJKHVWSRLQWRIVLQJOHWRRWKFRQWDFW
+37&
+LJKHVWSRLQWRIWRRWKFRQWDFW
/367&
/RZHVWSRLQWRI VLQJOHWRRWKFRQWDFW
/37&
/RZHVWSRLQWRIWRRWKFRQWDFW
1642
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
/65
/RDGVKDULQJUDWLR
1&5
1RUPDOFRQWDFWUDWLR
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
1643
7KHUHJLRQV$%DQG&'DUHWKHGRXEOHSDLUFRQWDFWUHJLRQVDQGWKHUHJLRQ%&LVDVLQJOHSDLUFRQWDFWUHJLRQ7KH
VWUHVVGHYHORSHGDWWKHILOOHWUHJLRQLVPD[LPXPZKHQWKHWRRWKLVORDGHGDWWKH+367&GXHWRWKHKLJKHVWPRPHQW
DUP6RWKLVSRVLWLRQLVFDOOHGDVWKHFULWLFDOORDGLQJSRVLWLRQRUZRUVWORDGSRVLWLRQE\UHVHDUFKHUV
)LJ 7RRWKHQJDJHPHQWSRVLWLRQVRI1&5VSXUJHDUGULYHV
7RRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWRIUDFNFXWWHU
D
1644
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQV
$VDQDFFXUDWHHVWLPDWLRQRIPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVGHYHORSHGLQWKHILOOHWUHJLRQLQJHDUVEHFRPHVDQLPSRUWDQW
FRQFHUQWR GHVLJQWKHJHDUVRILPSURYHGORDGFDUU\LQJFDSDFLW\,QWKLVSUHVHQWZRUNWKHPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVHV
GHYHORSHGLQWKHJHDUWHHWKJHQHUDWHGE\WKHVWDQGDUGN JF DQGQRQVWDQGDUGNJFUDFNFXWWHUVDUHFRPSDUHG
DQGXVLQJWKHVHQRQ VWDQGDUGUDFNFXWWHUVDQDWWHPSWKDVEHHQVXFFHVVIXOO\PDGHWRGHVLJQDQGRSWLPL]HWKHVSXU
JHDUGULYHZKLFKGHYHORSVDEDODQFHGILOOHWVWUHVVRQSLQLRQDQGJHDU
,QIOXHQFHRIWRRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWNJRIUDFNFXWWHUIRUJHDURQPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVV
7KH LQIOXHQFHRIWRRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWRIUDFNFXWWHUIRUJHDUN JFRQPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVKDVEHHQVWXGLHG
IRUD1&5VSXUJHDUSDLUJHQHUDWHGE\WKHIXOOURXQGVWDQGDUGNJF DQGQRQVWDQGDUGNJFUDFNFXWWHUVZLWK
WKH JLYHQ JHDU SDUDPHWHUV 7DEOH 7KH UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJ ,Q WKH KLJKHU JHDU UDWLR GULYHV L ! WKH
PD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVLQWKHJHDU WJPD[ 03D LVOHVVHUWKDQWKDWRISLQLRQ WSPD[ 03D ZKLFKWKH
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
1645
3DUDPHWHUV1DPH
0RGXOHPPP
3DUDPHWHUV9DOXHV
3UHVVXUHDQJOHGHJUHH
R
*HDU UDWLRL
3LQLRQWHHWKQXPEHU]S
$GGHQGXPKD PP
'HGHQGXPKI PP
KDP
$GGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU[
[S DQG[J
%DFNXSUDWLR
7RUTXH1PP
5DFN&XWWHUW\SH
)XOOURXQGUDFNFXWWHU
(ODVWLFFRQVWDQW(*3D
3RLVVRQUDWLR
1646
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
3DUDPHWHUV1DPH
3DUDPHWHUV9DOXHV
0RGXOHPPP
3UHVVXUHDQJOHGHJUHH
R
*HDUUDWLRL
3LQLRQWHHWKQXPEHU]S
$GGHQGXPKD PP
'HGHQGXPKI PP
KDP
%DFNXSUDWLRP%
DQG
&XWWHUWLSUDGLXVPP
PPDQGIXOOURXQGWLS
$GGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU[
)RU6 GULYH
[S DQG[J
)RU6 GULYH
[S DQG[J
)RU6R GULYH
[S DQG[J
7RUTXH1PP
,QIOXHQFHRIEDFNXSUDWLR P%
7KH ERWK WRRWK VWUHQJWK DV ZHOO DV WKH ULP VWUHQJWK GHILQHV WKH EHQGLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI JHDU WRRWK ,Q WKH WKLQ ULP
JHDUVWKHEHQGLQJIDWLJXHIDLOXUHRFFXUVDORQJWKHULPUDWKHUWKDQWKHURRWILOOHW +HQFHDQHVWLPDWLRQRIRSWLPXP
ULP WKLFNQHVV EHFRPHV LPSRUWDQW LQ WKH FRPSDFW VL]H DQG ORZ ZHLJKW GHVLJQ FRQVLGHUDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH ULP
WKLFNQHVVFDQDOWHUE\YDU\LQJWKHRQHJHDUSDUDPHWHUFDOOHGDVEDFNXSUDWLR,WLVGHILQHGDVWKHUDWLRRIULPWKLFNQHVV
WRWKHZKROHGHSWKRIWKHWRRWK 7KH )LJV DDQGEVKRZWKHWKLFNDQGWKLQULPJHDUWRRWKPRGHO
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
1647
WKHILOOHWUHJLRQZKLFKLVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHFXWWHUKDYLQJWKHWLSUDGLXVPDQGPWKDQWKHIXOOURXQGUDFNFXWWHU
ZKLFKLVPDLQO\GXHWRWKHKLJKHUVWUHVVFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQILOOHWUHJLRQ )LJF
1648
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
)LJ ,QIOXHQFHRIFXWWHUWLSUDGLLP L ]S RKD P[S [J P% D3DUWLDOURXQGFXWWHUE)XOOURXQGFXWWHUF
7RRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWNJF9VWPD[
,QIOXHQFHRIDGGHQGXPPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU
R. Prabhu Sekar and G. Muthuveerappan / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1640 1649
1649
5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQV
,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\DGHWDLOHGLQYHVWLJDWLRQRQWKHPD[LPXPILOOHWVWUHVVDQGWKHWRRWKWKLFNQHVVFRHIILFLHQWRI
UDFNFXWWHUIRUJHDUNJFRQ1&5VSXU JHDUGULYHVKDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWE\XVLQJPXOWLSDLUFRQWDFWPRGHO7KH
IROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQVDUHPDGHIURPWKH)(0DQDO\VLV
5HIHUHQFHV
0&HOLN &RPSDULVRQRIWKUHHWHHWK DQGZKROHERG\PRGHOVLQVSXUJHDUDQDO\VLV
0HFKDQLVPDQG0DFKLQH7KHRU\
:DQJ-LDQGH,DQ+RZDUG 7KHWRUVLRQDOVWLIIQHVVRILQYROXWHVSXUJHDUV ,0(&(
'90XQL 96HQWKLONXPDU *0XWKXYHHUDSSDQ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI DV\PPHWULF VSXU JHDU GULYHV IRU PD[LPXP EHQGLQJ VWUHQJWK XVLQJ
GLUHFWJHDUGHVLJQPHWKRG0HFKDQLFVEDVHGGHVLJQRIVWUXFWXUHVDQGPDFKLQHV
6KXWLQJ /L (IIHFW RI DGGHQGXP RQ FRQWDFW VWUHQJWK EHQGLQJ VWUHQJWK DQG EDVLF SHUIRUPDQFH SDUDPHWHUV RI D SDLU RI VSXU JHDUV
0HFKDQLVPDQG0DFKLQH7KHRU\