INTRODUCTORY

MATHEMATICS AND
STATISTICS
TH

EDITION

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

John S. Croucher

Chapter 2
Percentages
Quick Quiz
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (d)
6. (a)
7. (c)
8. (a)
9. (b)
10. (b)

Practice Questions
1. 74.8%
2. $3846.15
3. 17.5%
4. Land tax payable = $100 + 0.016($ 875 000 $ 396 000) = $7764
5. $325
6. $1200.60
7. $504.90
8. 20%
9. $ 47.80
10. Income tax payable = $17 547 + ($180 000 $115 200) 45% = $46 707
Medicare levy payable = 0.015 $115 200 = $1728
Total personal tax payable = $48 435

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

Exercises
1

2.1

(a) 25%

2.2

(a) 41.67%

(b) 37.50%

(c) 75%

2.3

(a) 72%

(b) 50.5%

(c) 82.73%

2.4

(a) 40

2.5

(b) 333

(b) 3

c) 12.5%

(c) 8

(a) 0.7

(b) 0.3072

(c) 0.16

2.6

(a) $625

(b) $3150

(c) $7250

2.7

(a) $650

(b) $2450

(c) $3875

2.8

(a) If total sales prices are less than $20 000, then prefer
Exercise 2.7. If total sales prices are more than $20
000, then prefer Exercise 2.6.
(b) What sales prices you expect to have.
(c) Prefer Exercise 2.7 where commission = $425
(Using Exercise 2.6, commission = $375.)

2.9

(a) 1%

(b) 0.75%

(c) 3.25%

2.10

Total brokerage payable = $75 + ($2500 0.0175) = $118.75

2.11

2.85%

2.12

(a) $2500 + $(70 000 0.03) = $4600

(b) $4750 + $(40 000 0.025) = $5750
(c) $4750 + $(70 000 0.025) = $6500
(d) $6625 + $(275 000 0.02) = $12 125

2.13

(a) Commission for $200 000 = $6625

Selling price = $200 000 + $13 375
0.02
= $868 750
(b) $868 750 = $965 278
0.90

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

2.14

(a) 100 4.49 = 14.97% or about 15%

29.99
(b) 0.825 $29.99 = $24.74

2.15

List price = $1.70 = $2.55

0.66667

2.16

Amount = $12.50 (1 0.125) 30 = $328.125, say, $328.12

2.17

(a) $23 750

(c) $24 625

2.18

GST = $159.50
11

(b) $24 375

(d) $25 000

= $14.50
Price excluding GST = $159.50 $14.50 = $145.00
2.19

Cost price = $231

2.20

(a) Retail price (excluding GST) = $65 1.40 = $91.00

Retail price (including GST) = $91.00 1.10 = $100.10
(b) GST = $107. 80 = $9.80
11
Retail price excluding GST = $107.80 $9.80 = $98
Cost price = $98 = $70
1.40

2.21

(a) Retail price = $130.00, Cost price = $56.00

(b) Retail price = $162.50, Cost price = $44.80

2.22

80% of the list price = $350.

Therefore: List price = $350 = $437.50
0.80

2.23

(a)
Movie type
Comedy
Horror
Drama
Family
Other
Total

Percentage
34.00
13.33
24.00
15.33
13.33
100

Movie type
Comedy

Males
31.00

(b)
Females
37.43

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

Horror
Drama
Family
Other
Total
2.24

8.64
23.43
21.14
9.36
100

(a)

(b)
2.25

17.44
24.50
10.25
16.81
100

State/Territory

Percentage

New South Wales

Victoria
Queensland
South Australia
Western Australia
Tasmania
Northern Territory
Australian Capital Territory

32.24
24.86
20.27
7.31
10.43
2.25
1.02
1.62

Percentage = 32.24% + 24.86% = 57.1%

(a) and (b)

Year of birth
201516
202021
202526
205051

% increase
(Males)
1.24
0.92
0.61
2.91

% increase
(Females)
0.88
0.58
0.46
1.73

(c) The rate of growth in the life-expectancy will slow down, although still increasing.
Note also that the last year interval has a 25-year gap from the previous one.
2.26

2.27

2.28

(a) $3 36.50 = $109.50

(b) $3 218 = $654
(c) ($3 450) + ($5 155) = $2125
(a) $60 + (4% of $6870) = $334.80
(b) $60 + (4% of $29 990) = $1259.60
(c) $60 + (4% of $12 400) = $556.00

$675

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

2.29

Total discount = $1000 0.35 = $350

Selling price of stores deal = $1000 $350 = $650
From Exercise 2.28, the customers own deal means a
selling price of $675. Hence the customer is $25 better off
with the stores deal.

2.30

Retail price = $120

Voucher price = $105
Discount price = $102
Hence, the customer should take advantage of discount.

2.31

(a) 0
(b) (25410 18200) 19% = $1369.90
(c) 3572 + (125 600 80 000) 37% = $29 620

2.32

(a) 0
(b) $3572 + ($57 520 $37 000) 32.5% = $10 241
(c) $17 547 + ($87 540 $80 000) 37% = $20 336.80

2.33

(a) $56 450 0.30 = $16 935

(b) $15 490 0.30 = $4647
(c) $327 900 0.30 = $98 370

2.34

(a) $16 250 0.3 = $4875.00

(b) $75 320 0.3 = $22 596.00
(c) $534 860 0.3 = $160 458.00

2.35

Stamp duty = $24 750 2.5% = $618.75

2.36

Between $17 901 and $18 000

2.37

(a) Marked-up price = 1.40 (original price)

Discount price = 0.90 1.40 (original price)
= 1.26 (original price)
Therefore original price = $252.00 = $200
1.26
(b) Marked-up price = 1.40 $200 = $280

2.38

(a) Marked-up price = 1.40 (original price)

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

Discount price = 0.60 1.40 (original price)

= 0.84 (original price)
Therefore original price = $252.00 = $300
0.84
(b) Marked-up price = 1.40 $300 = $420
2.39

(a) Company tax = $70 000 0.30 = $21 000

Personal tax = $3572 + ($70 000 $37 000) 32.5% = $14 297
The company tax is greater.
(b) Company tax = $80 000 0.30 = $24 000
Personal tax = $17 547
The company tax is greater.
(c) Company tax = $90 000 0.30 = $27 000
Personal tax = $17 547+10 000 37% = $21 247
The company tax is greater.

2.40

After trial and error for four times:

Let i represent income
(1) 30% i = (i $18 200) 19% ($18 200 < i $37 000)
(2) 30% i = $3672 + (x $37 000) 32.5% ($37 000 < i $80 000)
(3) 30% i = $17 547 + (i $80 000) 37% (($80 000 < i $180 000)
(4) 30% i = $54 547 + (i $180 000) 45% (i > $180 000)
Two answers of (1) and (3) will meet requirement;
i1= $31 436.36
i2= $17 2185.71

2.41

(a) $3572 + (income $37 000) 32.5% = $7861

Income = $50 196.92
(b) $17 547 + (income 80 000) 37% = $27 113.8
Income = $105 856.22

2.42

(a) $135 240

(b) $864 900

2.43

(a) $22 500 0.95 = $21 375

(b) $22 500 0.97 = $21 825
(c) $22 500

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

2.44

Original account = $1406.50 = $1450

0.97

2.45

(a) 0.9408 $1560 = $1467.65 (b)

0.9408 $2400 = $2257.92 (c)
0.9408 $3600 = $3386.88

2.46

Original retail price =

2.47

Original retail price =

2.48

(a) Amount paid = 0.96 0.98 $1800 = $1693.44

$1128.96 = $1200
0.96 0.98
$2352 = $2500
0.96 0.98

(b) % discount = 100 $106.56 = 5.92%

$1800
2.49

Yes, the percentage discount is the same for any retail price.
It can be found by calculating: 100 [1 (0.96 0.98)] = 5.92%

2.50
Sales value ($)

5000
8000
10 000

(i)

350
350
350

Return ($) for Choice

(ii)

(iii)

300
360
400

280
400
480

Best choice

2.51

The best choice for $9 000 is (iii) which earns $440 per week.
Choice (i) earns only $350 per week.
Over 52 weeks, the extra earnings would have been 52 $90 = $4680.

2.52

(a) Weekly sales value = $350 $200 = $7500

0.02

(i)
(iii)
(iii)

(b) Weekly sales value = $350 $80 = $6750

0.04
2.53

Total gross takings = $ 1 307 853 + $2 030 000 = $3 337 853

Percentage due to Australia = $1 307 853 100 = 39.18%
$3 337 853

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

2.54

Percentage = $100 $8.35 = 8.49%

$98.35
Average for 15 weeks = $98.35 = $6.557 million
15
This is less than the figure of $8.35 million.

2.55

(a) $90 + ($25 000 0.025) = $715

(b) $90 + ($56 000 0.025) = $1490
(c) $90 + ($125 000 0.025) = $3215

2.56 (a) $1800 = $72 000

0.025
(b) $2250 = $90 000
0.025
(c) $3900 = $156 000
0.025
2.57

(a) Stamp duty payable = $1290 + (670 $3.50) = $3635

(b) Stamp duty payable = $8990 + (1920 $4.50) = $17 360
(c) Stamp duty payable = $40 490 + ($2350 $5.50)

2.58

(a) $75 (b)

$960 (c) $690

2.59

(a) $0.50
(b) $6.16
(c) $46.75

2.60

(a) $13.75 (b)

$9.90 (c)
$32.45

2.61

Profit = 100 $350 = 23.33%

$1500

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

2.62

(a) $12 700 0.30 = $3810

(b) $47 650 0.30 = $14 295
(c) $1 230 300 0.30 = $369 090

2.63

(a) $17 240 0.15 = $2586

(b) $4350 + (43 395 0.30) = $17 368.50
(c) $17 850 + ($84 520 0.38) = $49 967.60

2.64

(a) $900 + ($564 000 0.025) = $15 000

(b) $900 + ($1 107 000 0.025) = $28 575

2.65

$54 547 + (income $180 000) 45% = $67 250

Jerrys taxable income = $208 228.89

2.66

54 547 + (income $180 000) 45% = $105 125

Rajs taxable income = $292 395.56

2.67

Taxable income = $81 600 = $272 000

0.3

2.68

Companys taxable income = $476 207.10 = $1 587 357

0.30

2.69

(a) $450 0.465 = $209.25

(b) $176 0.465 = $81.84
(c) $2475 0.465 = $1150.88

2.70

(a) FBT = $86.00 0.465 = $39.99

(b) FBT = $29.00 0.465 = $13.48
(c) FBT = $54 500.00 0.465 = $25 342.50

2.71

(a) No land tax is payable.

(b) Land tax = $100 + ($458 000 $396 000) 0.016 = $1092
(c) Land tax = $100 + ($842 000 $396 000) 0.016 = $7236

2.72

(a) As the value is less than the threshold of $396 000, no land tax is payable.
(b) The value of $653 000 is ($653 000 $396 000)
= $257 000 above the threshold.
Land tax payable = $100 + ($257 000 0.016) = $4212
(c) The value of $950 000 is ($950 000 $396 000)
= $554 000 above the threshold.
Land tax payable = $100 + ($554 000 x 0.016) = $8964

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

10

2.73

Jenny pays stamp duty on $12 500

Amount payable = $3 125 = $375

2.74

Jason pays stamp duty on $9350

Amount payable = $3 93.5 = $280.50

2.75

(a) NSW: $8990 + ($4.50 4450) = $29 015 (b)

QLD: $10 150 + ($4.50 2050) = $19 375 (c) SA:
$21 330 + ($5.50 2450) = $34 805
(d) VIC: $28 070 + (0.06 $195 000) = $39 770

2.76

(a) NSW: $40 490 + ($5.50 4005) = $62 517.50 (b)

QLD: $29 950 + ($5.25 4205) = $52 026.25 (c) SA:
$21 330 + ($5.50 9005) = $70 857.50 (d) VIC: 0.055
$1 400 500 = $77 027.50

2.77

$131.25 = $3500
3.75%

2.78

8% 150 000 + 12% (240 000 150 000) = $22 800

2.79

$175

2.80

$107.50

2.81

$5.31

2.82

$4.50

2.83

$422.40

2.84

(a) Tax payable = $7111.90

Medicare levy = $106.68
(b) Tax payable = $16 416.33
Medicare levy = $246.24
(c) Tax payable = $56 103.55
Medicare levy = $841.55
Medicare levy surcharge = $561.04

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

11

2.85

(a) Company tax payable = 0.30 $183 456 = $55 036.80

(b) Company tax payable = 0.30 $560 329 = $168 098.70

2.86

The value of $758 000 is ($758 000 $396 000) = $362 000 above the threshold.
Land tax payable = $100 + ($362 000 0.016) = $5892

2.87

Cost price of the slippers = $21.12 = $16

1.32

2.88

$11 330 + $5 $1357.25 = $18 116.25

2.89

5.5% $1 232 500 = $67 787.50

2.90

Between $14 401 and $14 500

Introductory Mathematics and Statistics 6e, John S Croucher, 2013 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd
Solutions Manual, Chapter 2

12