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January-March 1996
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The basic function of switchgear is to
control supply of electric power and
to protect the equipment in the event
of abnormal conditions. Uninterrupted
supply of electric power is the need of
today's industry and is catered to by
the switchgear and controlgear in any
plant.
To meet the expectations of user
industry, switchgear has to be reliable
and safe. It should also be able to
withstand adequate number of
operations - in healthy conditions as
well as in abnormal/unhealthy
situations. Manufacturers as well as
customers, both concur on these
aspects.
However, reliability, adequacy are
subjective parameters. Unless they
are quantified, the expectations of
users and the capabilities of the
products cannot be matched.
Thus, defining reliability, safety and
adequacy in terms of quantifiable
parameters is essential from the
BEST WISHES
FOR A
HAPPY
NEW
YEAR
Feature
Introduction to IS 13947 :
A new Indian Standard on
Switchgear and Controlgear Products
- H.T. Mistry, Senior Executive-Design, Switchgear Design and Product Development
In a major revision, International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
introduced a new specification, IEC
947, on low voltage switchgear and
controlgear in 1988. Bureau of Indian
Standards also decided to adopt the
text of IEC 947 and consequently, in
1993, introduced a new dual number
specification IS 13947/IEC pub 947
on switchgear and controlgear
products. However, keeping in view
applicability of this specification in
Indian conditions, National Annex
has been added to IEC text to cover
typical requirements e.g. use of
aluminum conductors, ambient
conditions, preferred voltages, etc.
This specification is divided into two
documents.
(1) General rules (Part 1) :
All those parts of various products
standards which can be considered
as general have been consolidated in
this first part. These requirements are
applicable to all the products viz.
contactors, starters, air circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers,
switches and fuse combination units.
(2) Product standard :
Specific testing and performance
requirements of the products are
covered by relevant product standards. These are :
Part 2 : Circuit breakers
Part 3 :
Switches, disconnectors, switch
disconnectors
and fuse combination units
Part 4 : Contactors and motor
starters
(Section 1 : Electromechanical
contactors and starters)
(I) DEFINITIONS :
Disconnector:
Definition of disconnector has been
enlarged. A disconnector has now
been defined as a mechanical
device which in the open position
complies with the requirements of
isolating function.
Pollution degree 1:
No pollution or only dry, non-conductive pollution occurs.
Pollution degree 2:
Normally non-conductive pollution
occcurs. Occasionally, however, a
temporary conductivity caused by
condensation may be expected.
Pollution degree 3:
Conductive pollution occurs or dry,
non-conductive pollution occurs
which becomes conductive due to
TABLE I
PREFERRED VALUES OF IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE
MAXIMUM VALUE OF
RATED OPERATIONAL
VAOLTAGE TO EARTH
IV
ORIGIN OF
INSTALLATION
LEVEL
III
DISTRIBUTION
CIRCUIT
LEVEL
II
LOAD LEVEL
I
SPECIALLY
PROTECTED
LEVEL
50
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.33
100
2.5
1.5
0.8
0.5
150
2.5
1.5
0.8
300
2.5
1.5
600
2.5
1000
12
(b) Terminals :
Constructional requirements e.g.
strength, size etc. for terminals
suitable for unprepared copper
conductors are evaluated through
following tests.
(i) Tests for verification of mechanical strength
(ii) Flexion test (Test for damage to
conductors and their accidental
loosening)
(iii) Pull out test
(iv) Test for insertability of conductors
Requirements for terminals suitable
for aluminum conductors are under
consideration.
condensation.
Pollution degree 4:
The pollution generates persistent
conductivity caused, for instance, by
conductive dust or rain or snow.
Unless otherwise specified equipment for industrial application is
generally suitable for use in pollution
degree 3 environment.
0.33
0.5
0.8
1.5
2.5
4
6
8
12
MINIMUM CLEARANCE, in mm
POLLUTION DEGREE
1
0.01
0.04
0.1
0.5
1.5
3
5.5
8
14
2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.5
3
5.5
8
14
3
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.5
3
5.5
8
14
4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
3
5.5
8
14
- pollution degree
Stipulated minimum clearance values
for various rated impulse withstand
voltages are given in table II.
Clearance is verified through a type
TABLE V
SIZE OF CONDUCTORS CORRESPONDING TO RATED/TEST CURRENT
RANGE OF CURRENTS
A
-
8
12
15
20
25
32
50
65
85
100
115
130
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
The value of the current shall be greater than first value and less than
or equal to the second value in first column.
TABLE III
MATERIAL GROUPS
MATERIAL GROUP I
MATERIAL GROUP II
MATERIAL GROUP IIIa
MATERIAL GROUP IIIb
0
8
12
15
20
25
32
50
65
85
100
115
130
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
TABLE IV
MINIMUM CREEPAGE DISTANCES
RATED
INSULATION
VOLTAGE, V
250
320
400
500
630
800
1000
CREEPAGE DISTANCE, in mm
POLLUTION DEGREE
2
Material group
I
II
IIIA
IIIB
1.25
1.8
2.5
2.5
1.6
2.2
3.2
3.2
2
2.8
4
4
2.5
3.6
5
5
3.2
4.5
6.3
6.3
4
5.6
8
8
5
7.1
10
10
POLLUTION DEGREE
3
Material group
I
II
IIIA
3.2
3.6
4
4
4.5
5
5
5.6
6.3
6.3
7.1
8
8
9
10
10
11
12.5
12.5
14
16
IIIB
4
5
6.3
8
10
-
POLLUTION DEGREE
4
Material group
I
I
IIIA
IIIB
5
6.3
8
6.3
8
10
8
10
12.5
10
12.5
16
12.5
16
20
16
20
25
20
25
32
-
For further information, please contact Switchgear Contracts Division, Larsen & Toubro Limited, Saki-Vihar Road, Bombay 400 072.
Edited, printed and pubilshed by Cerena de Souza for Larsen & Toubro Limited. Published from L&T House, Ballard Estate, Bombay 400 001,
and printed at Uma Offset, A to Z Indl. Estate, G. Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Bombay 400 013. Associate Editor: Luis S. R. Vas.