Lehmann IA SSM Ch11

Chapter 11
Additional Topics
Homework 11.1
1.
15. 5 2 x = 9
5 2 x = 9 or 5 2 x = 9
x =7
2 x = 14 or 2 x = 4
x = 7 or x = 7
3.
x = 7 or x = 2
x = 3
17.
Since x is always nonnegative, the solution set
Since 2 x + 9 is always nonnegative, the
for x = 3 is the empty set, .
solution set for 2 x + 9 = 6 is the empty set, .
5. 5 x 3 = 15
19. 2 x + 5 = 8
5 x = 18
x+5 = 4
18
x =
5
18
18
x=
or x =
5
5
x + 5 = 4 or x + 5 = 4
x = 9 or x = 1
21. 3 x 9 = 0
3x 9 = 0
7. 4 x 11 = 2
3x = 9
4 x = 13
x=3
13
x =
4
Since x is always nonnegative, the solution set
23. 6 2 x 7 + 4 = 2
6 2 x 7 = 6
13
for x =
is the empty set, .
4
9.
2x 7 = 1
2 x 7 = 1 or 2 x 7 = 1
2 x = 6 or 2 x = 8
x+2 =5
x = 3 or x = 4
x + 2 = 5 or x + 2 = 5
x = 7 or x = 3
11.
25.
x 5 = 0
x5 = 0
x=5
13. 3 x 1 = 11
3 x 1 = 11 or 3 x 1 = 11
3 x = 10 or 3 x = 12
x=
2 x + 9 = 6
10
or x = 4
3
336
1
5 7
x =
2
3 6
1
5
7
1
5 7
x =
or
x =
2
3
6
2
3 6
1
7 5
1
7 5
x = + or x = +
2
6 3
2
6 3
1
1
1
17
x=
or
x=
2
2
2
6
17
x =1
or x =
3
Homework 11.1
SSM: Intermediate Algebra
27. 4.7 x 3.9 = 8.8
41.
x 6 7 or x 6 7
4.7 x = 12.7
x 1 or x 13
Interval: ( , 1] [13, )
x 2.70
x 2.70 or x 2.70
3.7 2.1x + 5.8 = 19.9
43.
2.1x + 5.8 5.38

or 2.1x + 5.8 = 5.38
2.1x = 0.42 or 2.1x = 11.18

x = 0.2
31.
or x = 5.32
45.
7 x + 15 > 4
solution set for the inequality 7 x + 15 > 4 is
the set of all real numbers.
Interval: ( , )
x 3
x 3 or x 3
Interval: ( , 3] [3, )
3

0
35.
2 x + 5 15
15 2 x + 5 15
20 2 x 10
10 x 5
Interval: [10,5]
10
x <4
4 < x < 4
Interval: ( 4, 4 )
33.
13
1 0
29. 3.7 2.1x + 5.8 9.7 = 10.2
2.1x + 5.8 = 5.38
x6 7
47. 2 x 3 + 1 17
2 x 3 16
x < 3
x3 8
Since x is nonnegative, the inequality x < 3
x 3 8 or x 3 8
has an empty set solution, .
x 5 or x 11
Interval: ( , 5] [11, )
37. 2 x 5 > 3
2 x >8
x >4
49. 3 5 2 x + 1 8
x < 4 or x > 4
Interval: ( , 4 ) ( 4, )
4
3 5 2 x 9
5 2x 3
5 2 x 3 or 5 2 x 3
2 x 8 or 2 x 2
39. 2 5 x 8
x 4 or x 1
Interval: ( ,1] [4, )
5 x 10
x 2
x 2 or x 2
Interval: ( , 2] [2, )
2
11
337
Homework 11.1

59. False.
Fore example, let a = 5 and b = 7 .
51. 5 2 x + 3 + 7 < 2
5 2 x + 3 < 5
2 + ( 7 ) = 2 7 = 5 = 5
2 x + 3 < 1
2 + 7 = 2 + 7 = 9
Since 5 9 , the statement

a + b = a + b is not true for all real numbers a
solution set for the inequality 2 x + 3 < 1 is the

empty set, .
53.
and b.
2x 3
9
+
5 2 20
9 2x 3 9
+
20 5 2 20
39 2 x
21
20 5
20
39
21
2x
4
4
39
21
x
8
8
39 21
Interval: ,
8
8
61. a.
2 x + 1 = 11 or 2 x + 1 = 11
2 x = 12 or 2 x = 10
x = 6
b.
or x = 5
2 x + 1 < 11
11 < 2 x + 1 < 11
12 < 2 x < 10
6 < x < 5
c.
2 x + 1 > 11
2 x + 1 < 11 or 2 x + 1 > 11
21
39
2 x + 1 = 11
2 x < 12 or 2 x > 10
x < 6
d.
55. 2.9 x 5.6 > 13.9
or x > 5
Written responses will vary.
2.9 x > 19.5

x > 6.72
6.72
6.72
63. a bx + c + d = k
a bx + c = k d
3.5 x 1.3 2.34
k d
a
k
d
bx + c =
a
k d
bx = c
a
ac ( k d )
bx =
a
ac ( k d )
x=
ab
ac ( k d )
x=
ab
bx + c =
2.34 3.5 x 1.3 2.34

1.04 3.5 x 3.64
0.30 x 1.04
[0.30,1.04]
0
which covers all real numbers.
57. 6.2 3.5 x 1.3 14.5
0.30
When graphed together, this becomes
x < 6.72 or x > 6.72

Interval: ( , 6.72 ) (6.72, )
1.04
338
k d
a
k d
or bx = c +
a
ac + ( k d )
or bx =
a
ac + ( k d )
or x =
ab
or bx + c =
Section 11.1 Quiz

65. No.
x + 3 < 10
7.
x 6
6 x 6
Interval: [6, 6]
10 < x + 3 < 10
13 < x < 7
8.
1. 3 x 4 = 11
x =5
x 4
9.
2x 3 = 7
2 x 3 = 7 or 2 x 3 = 7
2 x = 4 or 2 x = 10
x = 2 or x = 5
3. 2 3 x + 5 + 9 = 1
3 x + 5 = 4 or 3 x + 5 = 4
4
3
4
Interval: 2,
3
1
3
2 < x <
4. 5 6 x 5 = 15
6x 5 = 3
6 x 5 = 3 or 6 x 5 = 3
6 x = 2 or 6 x = 8
4
3
11. 2 x + 5 + 10 4
1
4
or x =
3
3
2 x + 5 6
x+5 3
2x 5 = 0
3 x + 5 3
2x 5 = 0
8 x 2
Interval: [8, 2]
2x = 5
6.
6 < 3 x < 4
3 x = 9 or 3 x = 1
x=
10. 3 x + 1 < 5
5 < 3 x + 1 < 5
3x + 5 = 4
5.
4 x 8 > 12
4 x 8 < 12 or 4 x 8 > 12
4 x < 4 or 4 x > 20
x < 1 or x > 5
Interval: ( , 1) (5, )
1
2 3 x + 5 = 8
x=
x = 5 or x = 5
x = 3 or x =
x 4 or x 4
Interval: ( , 4] [4, )
3 x = 15
2.
Section 11.1 Quiz
5
2
7 x + 1 = 3
Since 7 x + 1 is always nonnegative, the solution
set for 7 x + 1 = 3 is the empty set, .
339
Homework 11.2
12. 7 3 x 2 42
3x 6 = 0
3x 6 = 0
3x 2 6
3x = 6
6 3 x 2 6
x=2
4 3 x 8
4
8
x
3
3
4 8
Interval: ,
3 3
13.
4
3
Homework 11.2
1. y 2 x 4
Graph the line y = 2 x 4 with a solid line and
shade the region above it.
8
3
x 5 < 7
Since x 5 is always nonnegative, the solution
set for x 5 < 7 is the empty set, .
14. 3 2 x 9 > 1
2x 9 >
1
3
1
3. y < x + 3
2
Since 2 x 9 is always nonnegative, the

solution set for 2 x 9 >
1
Graph the line y = x + 3 with a dashed line
2
and shade the region below it.
1
is the set of all real
3
numbers.
Interval: ( , )
0
4
15. False.
For example, let a = 4 and b = 9 .
a b = 4 9 = 5 = 5
a b = 4 9 = 4 9 = 5
5. y
Since 5 5 , the statement a b = a b is
2
x5
3
2
x 5 with a solid line and
3
shade the region below it.
not true for all real numbers a and b.
Graph the line y =
16. 3 x 6 0
0 3x 6 0
6 3x 6
2 x2
x=2
As an alternative, remember that 3 x 6 is
always nonnegative, which means it is never less
than 0. Thus, the inequality can be written as
8
8
340
Homework 11.2

7. y > x
Graph the line y = x with a dashed line and
shade below it.

y
4
4
15. y 2
Graph the line y = 2 with a solid line and shade
the region below it.
9. 2 x + 5 y < 10
5 y < 2 x + 10
2
y < x+2
5
2
Graph the line y = x + 2 with a dashed line
5
and shade the region below it.
17. y > 5
Graph the line y = 5 with a dashed line and
11. 4 x 6 y 6 0
6 y 4 x + 6
2
x 1
3
2
Graph the line y = x 1 with a solid line and
3
shade below it.
1
x2
3
y > x + 3
Graph y =
19. y
1
x 2 with a solid line and the line
3
y = x + 3 with a dashed line. The solution
region of the system is the intersection of the
1
solution regions of y x 2 and y > x + 3 .
3
13. 3 ( x 2 ) + y 2
2
3 x 6 + y 2
y 3 x + 4
Graph the line y = 3 x + 4 with a solid line and
4
4
341
Homework 11.2
21. y x 4
y < x + 5 , y x + 5 , and y >
y 3 x
Graph the line y = x 4 with a solid line and the
line y = 3 x with a solid line. The solution
region of the system is the intersection of the
solution regions of y x 4 and y 3 x .
y
4
27. y 3
y 5
Graph the lines y = 3 and y = 5 with solid
lines. The solution region of the system is the
intersection of the solution regions of y 3
and y 5 .
23. y 3 x + 9
y 2x 3
x0
y0
Graph the lines y = 3 x + 9 , y = 2 x 3 , x = 0 ,
and y = 0 with solid lines. The solution region
of the system is the intersection of the solution
regions of y 3 x + 9 , y 2 x 3 , x 0 , and
y0.
29. 2 x 4 y 8
3 x + 5 y 10
4 y 2 x + 8
5 y 3x + 10
1
x2
2
3
y x+2
5
1
3
x 2 and y = x + 2
2
5
with solid lines. The solution region of the
system is the intersection of the solution regions
1
3
of y x 2 and y x + 2 .
2
5
Graph the lines y =
25. y < x + 5
y x+5
y>
4
4
1
x +1.
2
1
x +1
2
1
Graph the lines y = x + 5 and y = x + 1 with
2
dashed lines, and the line y = x + 5 with a solid
line. The solution region of the system is the
intersection of the solution regions of
4
4
342
Section 11.2 Quiz
1
( x 4) 1
2
1
y x 2 1
2
1
y x3
2
Section 11.2 Quiz
y < 2 ( x 1) + 3
31. y
1. y 2 x 6
Graph the line y = 2 x 6 with a solid line and
y < 2 x + 2 + 3
y < 2 x + 5
1
x 3 with a solid line and
2
the line y = 2 x + 5 with a dashed line. The
solution region of the system is the intersection
1
of the solution regions of y ( x 4 ) 1 and
2
y < 2 ( x 1) + 3 .
Graph the line y =
2. y 3 x + 9
2
4
33. 2 x 3 y < 6
3 y < 2 x + 6
2
y > x2
3
The graph of 2 x 3 y < 6 is the region above
y=
2 y > 4 x + 8
y < 2x 4
Graph the line y = 2 x 4 with a dashed line and
y
35. Answers may vary. One possible answer:

yx
(3, 4 ) is a solution but ( 4,3) is not a solution.
4
4
37. The intersection of the solution regions of

y 2 x + 1 and y 2 x + 1 is the solid line
y = 2x + 1.
3. 4 x 2 y > 8
2
x 2 or rewritten as 2 x 3 y = 6 .
3
39. Answers may vary. See Key Points.
343
Section 11.2 Quiz
4. 3 y 5 x < 15
7. y x + 4
3 y < 5 x + 15
y<
y > 2x 3
Graph the line y = x + 4 with a solid line and
the line y = 2 x 3 with a dashed line. The
of the solution regions of y x + 4 and
y > 2x 3 .
5
x+5
3
5
x + 5 with a dashed line and
3
Graph the line y =
y
5. 2 ( y + 3) + 4 x 8
2
x +1
5
1
y < x+2
4
8. y
2 y 6 + 4 x 8
2 y 4 x 2
y 2x + 1
Graph the line y =
2
x + 1 with a solid line and
5
1
the line y = x + 2 with a dashed line. The
4
2
of the solution regions for y x + 1 and
5
1
y < x+2.
4
6. y < 2
Graph the line y = 2 and shade the region
below it.
4
4
344
Homework 11.3

9. 3 x 4 y 12
6 y 2 x 12
4 y 3 x + 12
11. 2 x 5 y > 10
6 y 2 x + 12
1
x+2
3
3
1
Graph the lines y = x 3 and y = x + 2 with
4
3
solid lines. The solution region of the system is
the intersection of the solution regions for
3
1
y x 3 and y x + 2 .
4
3
y
3
x3
4
5 y > 2 x + 10
2
x2
5
Answers may vary.
Three possible solutions:
( 5, 5) , ( 0, 4 ) , and (5, 2)
y<
2
( 5 ) 2
5
5 < 2 2
16
2
(5 ) 2
5
2 < 2 2
4 <
2 <
5 < 4
4 < 2
2 < 0
true
true
Three possible non-solutions:
( 5, 0 ) , (0,1) , and (5, 2 )
16
2
( 5 ) 2
5
0 < 2 2
10. x y > 3 y < x 3

x + y < 5 y < x + 5
x>0
2
(5 ) 2
5
2 < 22
1<
2<
0 < 4
1 < 2
2<0
false
false
false
Homework 11.3
1. x3 + 27 = x3 + 33
(
= ( x + 3) ( x
= ( x + 3 ) x 2 3 x + 32
2
(0 ) 2
5
1< 02
0<
( 2, 5) , ( 2,5) , and ( 2, 5) are solutions but

( 2,5) is not a solution.
true
12. Answers may vary. One possible inequality

y x + 5
y>0
Graph the lines y = x 3 , y = x + 5 , x = 0 ,
and y = 0 with dashed lines. The solution region
of the system is the intersection of the solution
regions for y < x 3 , y < x + 5 , x > 0 , and
y>0.
2
(0 ) 2
5
4 < 0 2
5 <
3. x3 64 = x3 43
(
= ( x 4)( x
3x + 9
)
+ 4 x + 16 )
= ( x 4 ) x 2 + 4 x + 42
2
5. x3 1000 = x3 103
(
= ( x 10 ) ( x
)
+ 10 x + 100 )
= ( x 10 ) x 2 + 10 x + 10 2
345
Homework 11.3
7. x3 + 125 = x3 + 53
(
= ( x + 5)( x
(
= 7(x
23. 7 x3 7000 = 7 x3 1000
)
5 x + 25 )
= ( x + 5 ) x 2 5 x + 52
2
9. x3 + 1 = x3 + 13
(
= ( x + 1) ( x
= ( x + 1) x 2 x + 12
2
(
= 10 ( x
)
+4 )
= 10 ( x + 4 ) ( x
= 10 ( x + 4 ) ( x
= ( 4 x 5 ) ( 4 x ) + ( 4 x )(5 ) + 52
2
= ( 4 x 5 ) 16 x 2 + 20 x + 25
(
= x(x
= (3 x + 4 ) (3 x ) (3 x )( 4 ) + 4 2
2
= (3 x + 4 ) 9 x 2 12 x + 16
= (10 x 1) (10 x ) + (10 x )(1) + 12

2
17. 8 x3 27 = ( 2 x ) 33
2
= ( 2 x 3) 4 x 2 + 6 x + 9
23
3x + 9
23
+ 2x + 4
= 4 x ( 2 x 1) 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1
33. 2 x3 50 x = 2 x x 2 25
= 2 x ( x 5 )( x + 5 )
(
= 4 ( x 2)( x
= 4 x ( 2 x 1) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(1) + 12
= (5 x + 2 ) 25 x 2 10 x + 4
3 x + 32
31. 32 x 4 4 x = 4 x 8 x3 1
)
4 x + 16 )
= 4 x ( 2 x ) 13
= (5 x + 2 ) (5 x ) (5 x )( 2 ) + 22
(
= 4(x
4 x + 42
(
= 3x ( x 2 ) ( x
= ( 2 x 3 ) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(3) + 32
= 3x ( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 22
= (10 x 1) 100 x 2 + 10 x + 1
21. 4 x3 32 = 4 x3 8
(
= 3x ( x
19. 125 x + 8 = (5 x ) + 2
29. 3 x 4 24 x = 3 x x 3 8
15. 1000 x3 1 = (10 x ) 13
)
+3 )
= x ( x + 3) ( x
= x ( x + 3) ( x
)
+ 10 x + 100 )
27. x 4 + 27 x = x x3 + 27
13. 27 x3 + 64 = (3 x ) + 43
25. 10 x3 + 640 = 10 x3 + 64
11. 64 x3 125 = ( 4 x ) 53
10
(
= 7 ( x 10 ) ( x
x +1
= 7 ( x 10 ) x 2 + 10 x + 10 2
(
= 2(x
35. 2 x3 16 = 2 x3 8
= 4 ( x 2) x2 + 2 x + 22
2
+ 2x + 4
23
(
= 2 ( x 2)( x
= 2 ( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 22
346
+ 2x + 4
Section 11.3 Quiz
55. Written response. Answers may vary.
37. x 2 12 x + 36 = ( x 6 )
( x + 1) + 1( x + 1)
= ( x + 1) ( x3 + 1)
39. x + x + x + 1 = x
= ( x + 1) x3 + 13
a 3 + b3
(
= ( x 6)( x
41. 6 x + 11x 10 = (3 x 2 )( 2 x + 5 )
(
= ( x + 6)( x
= ( x + 4 ) ( 2 x ) 13
3
= ( 4 x + 1) ( 4 x ) ( 4 x )(1) + 12
4. 27 x3 125 = (3 x ) 53
3
= (3 x 5 ) (3 x ) + (3 x )(5 ) + 52
47. x3 x 2 30 x = x x 2 x 30
= 2 x ( 2 x + 3) ( 2 x ) ( 2 x )(3) + 32
= (5 4 x ) 52 + (5 )( 4 x ) + ( 4 x )
= (5 4 x ) 25 + 20 x + 16 x 2
= ( 4 x 5 ) 16 x + 20 x + 25
2
= 2 x ( 2 x + 3) 4 x 2 6 x + 9
6. 375 x 4 24 x = 3 x 125 x3 8
= 3 x (5 x ) 23
= 3 x (5 x 2 ) (5 x ) + (5 x )( 2 ) + 22
2
= 3 x (5 x 2 ) 25 x 2 + 10 x + 4
)
= 5 x (1 x ) (1 + x + x )
= 5 x ( x 1) ( x + x + 1)
7. 5 x 5 x 4 = 5 x 1 x3
53. No. The middle term of the trinomial is

incorrect.
x3 + a 3 = ( x + a ) x 2 ax + a 2
51. No. When factoring a 3 b 3 , the middle term of

the trinomial is only a b .
x3 8 = ( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 4
= 2 x ( 2 x ) + 33
49. 125 64 x3 = 53 ( 4 x )
5. 16 x 4 + 54 x = 2 x 8 x3 + 27
= x ( x 6 )( x + 5 )
= (3 x 5 ) 9 x + 15 x + 25
= ( x + 4 )( 2 x 1) 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1
= ( 4 x + 1) 16 x 2 4 x + 1
= ( x + 4 )( 2 x 1) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(1) + 12
3. 64 x3 + 1 = ( 4 x ) + 13
= 8 x 3 ( x + 4 ) 1( x + 4 )
)
6 x + 36 )
= ( x + 6 ) x 2 6 x + 62
45. 8 x 4 + 32 x3 x 4
= ( x + 4 ) 8 x3 1
2. x3 + 216 = x3 + 63
= 2 x ( x 8 )( x 2 )
)
+ 6 x + 36 )
= ( x 6 ) x 2 + 6 x + 62
ab + b 2
1. x3 216 = x3 63
(
)
= ( x + 1)( x + 1) ( x x + 1)
= ( x + 1) ( x x + 1)
43. 2 x3 20 x 2 + 32 x = 2 x x 2 10 x + 16
)
)
Section 11.3 Quiz
= ( x + 1)( x + 1) x 2 x + 12
(
= (a + b )(a
a 3 b3 = ( a b ) a 2 + ab + b 2
347
Homework 11.4
(
= 7 (2
8. 56 7 x3 = 7 8 x3
3
x3
11.
20 + 50 20 + i 50
=
10
10
)
= 7 ( x 2 ) ( 4 + 2 x + x )
= 7 ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 x + 4 )
= 7 (2 x ) 2 + 2 x + x
2
20 + i 25 2
10
20 + 5i 2
10
20 5i 2
+
10
10
9. x 4 + 2 x3 8 x 16 = x3 ( x + 2 ) 8 ( x + 2 )
(
= ( x + 2)( x
23
= ( x + 2) x 8
= 2+
(
= ( x + 2 )( x 2 ) ( x
13.
= ( x + 2 )( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 2 2
2
+ 2x + 4
)
= ( x 5 )( x + 1) ( x
= 2i 9
= 2i (3)
= 6i
15.
= ( x 5 ) x3 + 1
4 + 2 25 1 8 4
= 4 + 2i 25 1 8i 4
= 4 + 2i (5 ) 1 8i ( 2 )
x +1
= 4 + 10i 1 16i
= 4 1 + 10i 16i
Homework 11.4
1.
9 + 9 = 2 9
10. x 4 5 x3 + x 5 = x3 ( x 5 ) + 1( x 5 )
= 3 6i
36 = i 36 = 6i
17.
3. 25 = i 25 = 5i
4 25 = i 4 i 25
= 2i 5i
5.
13 = i 13
= 10i 2
7.
20 = i 20 = i 4 5 = 2i 5
= 10
9.
= 10 ( 1)
4 24 4 i 24
=
8
8
19.
= 15
4 2i 6
8
21.
( 4 7i ) + (3 + 10i ) = 4 7i + 3 + 10i
= 4 + 3 7i + 10i
= 7 + 3i
4 2i 6
=
8
8
=
3 5 = i 3 i 5
= i 2 15
4 i 46
=
8
=
2
i
2
23.
1
6
i
2 4
(6 5i ) ( 2 + 13i ) = 6 5i 2 13i
= 6 2 5i 13i
= 4 18i
348
Homework 11.4

25. 2 (3 5i ) 4 ( 2 6i ) = 6 10i 8 + 24i
41.
= 6 8 10i + 24i
= 2 + 14i
(1 + i )(1 i ) = 12 i 2
= 1 ( 1)
= 1+1
=2
27. 2i 9i = 18i 2
= 18 ( 1)
43.
= 18
( 2 + 3i )2 = 22 + 2 ( 2 )(3i ) + (3i )2
= 4 + 12i + 9i 2
= 4 + 12i + 9 ( 1)
29. 10i ( 5i ) = 50i 2
= 4 + 12i 9
= 5 + 12i
= 50 ( 1)
= 50
45.
31. 5i (3 2i ) = 5i 3 5i 2i
= 15i 10i 2
( 4 i )2 = 42 2 ( 4 )(i ) + i 2
= 16 8i + ( 1)
= 16 8i 1
= 15 8i
= 15i 10 ( 1)
= 15i + 10
= 10 + 15i
47.
33. 20 3i ( 2 7i ) = 20 3i 2 + 3i 7i
= 20 6i + 21i 2
= 20 6i + 21 ( 1)
= 20 6i 21
= 1 6i
35.
6 15i
4 + 25
6 15i
=
29
6 15
=
i
29 29
=
( 2 + 5i )(3 + 4i ) = 2 3 + 2 4i + 5i 3 + 5i 4i
= 6 + 8i + 15i + 20i 2
= 6 + 23i + 20 ( 1)
= 6 + 23i 20
= 14 + 23i
37.
49.
(3 6i )(5 + 2i ) = 3 5 + 3 2i 6i 5 6i 2i
= 15 + 6i 30i 12i 2
= 15 24i 12 ( 1)
= 15 24i + 12
= 27 24i
39.
3
3 2 5i
=
2 + 5i 2 + 5i 2 5i
6 15i
=
4 25i 2
6 15i
=
4 25 ( 1)
7
7 6 3i
=
6 + 3i 6 + 3i 6 3i
42 21i
=
36 9i 2
42 21i
=
36 9 ( 1)
42 21i
36 + 9
42 21i
=
45
14 7
= i
15 15
=
(5 + 4i )(5 4i ) = 52 ( 4i )2
= 25 16i 2
= 25 16 ( 1)
= 25 + 16
= 41
349
Homework 11.4
51.
2 3i 2 3i 7 i
=
7+i
7+i 7i
14 2i 21i + 3i 2
=
49 i 2
14 23i + 3 ( 1)
=
49 ( 1)
57. x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0
x=
2 8
2
2 i 8
=
2
2 2i 2
=
2
= 1 i 2
11 23i
50
11 23
=
i
50 50
3 + 4i 3 + 4i 3 + 4i
=
3 4i 3 4i 3 + 4i
9 + 12i + 12i + 16i 2
=
9 16i 2
9 + 24i + 16 ( 1)
=
9 16 ( 1)
59. x 2 2 x + 5 = 0
x=
( 2 )
( 2 )2 4 (1)(5 )
2 (1)
2 16
2
2 i 16
=
2
2 4i
=
2
= 1 2i
=
7 + 24i
25
7 24
= + i
25 25
=
55.
( 2 )2 4 (1)(3)
2 (1)
53.
3 + 5i 3 + 5i 2 9i
=
2 + 9i 2 + 9i 2 9i
6 27i + 10i 45i 2
=
4 81i 2
6 17i 45 ( 1)
=
4 81 ( 1)
61. 2 x 2 + x + 1 = 0
x=
1
4
1 i
=
4
1
=
4
=
51 17i
=
85
51 17
=
i
85 85
3 1
= i
5 5
350
(1)2 4 ( 2 )(1)
2 (2)
7
7
7
i
4
Homework 11.4
63.
5 x 2 4 x = 1
69.
x (3 x 2 ) = 2 + 2 ( x 3 )
3x 2 2 x = 2 + 2 x 6
5x 4x + 1 = 0
( 4 )
x=
( 4 )2 4 (5 )(1)
2 (5 )
3x 2 4 x + 4 = 0
x=
4 4
10
4i 4
=
10
4 2i
=
10
2 1
= i
5 5
65.
2 x ( 2 x 1) = 3
4 x 2 2 x = 3
4x 2x + 3 = 0
x=
67.
( 4 )2 4 (3)( 4 )
2 (3 )
4 32
6
4 i 32
6
4 4i 2
6
2 2 2
i
3
3
71. x 2 = 9
( 2 )
( 4 )
x = 9
( 2 )2 4 ( 4 )(3)
2 (4 )
x = i 9
x = 3i
2 44
8
2 i 44
8
2 2i 11
8
x=
1
11
i
4
4
x = i
5
3
x = i
5 3
3 3
x = i
15
3
x=
15
i
3
73. 3 x 2 = 5
x2 =
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) = x
x2 + 2 x + x + 2 = x
2
x + 2x + 2 = 0
x=
( 2 )2 4 (1)( 2 )
2 (1)
2 4
2
2 i 4
=
2
2 2i
=
2
= 1 i
75.
5
3
5
3
(5 x + 3)2 = 7
5 x + 3 = 7
5 x + 3 = i 7
5 x = 3 i 7
3
7
x=
i
5 5
351
Section 11.4 Quiz
77. 2 (3 x 1) + 4 = 12
2
4. 4i 3i = 12i 2
= 12 ( 1)
2 (3 x 1) = 8
2
= 12
(3x 1)2 = 4
5.
3 x 1 = 4
(5 3i )(7 + i ) = 5 7 + 5 i 3i 7 3i i
= 35 + 5i 21i 3i 2
3 x 1 = i 4
= 35 16i 3 ( 1)
3 x 1 = 2i
3 x = 1 2i
= 35 16i + 3
= 38 16i
1 2
i
3 3
x=
6.
79. Student 2 did the work correctly. When working

with even roots of negative numbers, it is
necessary to first write the problem using
complex numbers of the form a + bi . Not all
rules that apply to the real numbers will apply to
complex numbers.
= 16 24i + 9i 2
= 16 24i + 9 ( 1)
= 16 24i 9
= 7 24i
7.
81. Answers may vary. Possible answers:

a.
(1 i ) + (1 + 2i ) = 1 i + 1 + 2i = 2 + i
b.
(1 i ) + (1 + i ) = 1 i + 1 + i = 2
c.
(1 + i ) + ( 1 + i ) = 1 + i 1 + i = 2i
= 64 25 ( 1)
= 64 + 25
= 89
8.
Section 11.4 Quiz
2
2 4+i
=
4i 4i 4+i
8 + 2i
=
16 i 2
8 + 2i
=
16 ( 1)
8 + 2i
17
8 2
= + i
17 17
=
1. 3 + 4 36 2 8 36 = 3 + 4i 36 2 8i 36
= 3 + 4i (6 ) 2 8i (6 )
= 3 + 24i 2 48i
= 3 2 + 24i 48i
9.
= 1 24i
2 7 = i 2 i 7
= i 2 14
= 14
3.
(8 + 5i )(8 5i ) = (8 )2 (5i )2
= 64 25i 2
83. If the discriminant is positive, there are two

distinct real solutions. If the discriminant is zero,
there is one real solution (a repeated root). If the
discriminant is negative, there are two distinct
imaginary solutions.
2.
( 4 3i )2 = ( 4 )2 2 ( 4 )(3i ) + (3i )2
3 + 2i 3 + 2i 5 + 4i
=
5 4i 5 4i 5 + 4i
15 + 12i + 10i + 8i 2
=
25 16i 2
15 + 22i + 8 ( 1)
=
25 16 ( 1)
7 + 22i
41
7 22
= + i
41 41
=
(6 2i ) + (3 4i ) = 6 2i + 3 4i
= 6 + 3 2i 4i
= 9 6i
352
Section 11.4 Quiz
10.
1 i 1 i 1 i
=
1+ i 1+ i 1 i
12 i i + i 2
=
12 i 2
1 2i + ( 1)
=
1 ( 1)
x + 4 x + 5 x + 20 = x
x 2 + 8 x + 20 = 0
x=
( 2 )
( 2 )2 4 (1)(3)
2 (1)
2 8
2
2i 8
=
2
2 2i 2
=
2
= 1 i 2
14. 3 ( 2 x 5 ) + 1 = 13
2
3 ( 2 x 5 ) = 12
2
( 2 x 5 )2 = 4
2 x 5 = 4
2 x 5 = i 4
2 x 5 = 2i
2 x = 5 2i
12. 3 x 2 + x 4 = 0
x=
x=
(1)2 4 ( 3)( 4 )
2 ( 3 )
5
i
2
15. The discriminant of the quadratic equation

ax 2 + bx a = 0 is b 2 4 ( a )( a ) = b 2 + 4 a 2 .
1 47
=
6
1 i 47
=
6
=
(8 )2 4 (1)( 20 )
2 (1)
11. x 2 2 x + 3 = 0
8 16
2
8 i 16
=
2
8 4i
=
2
= 4 2i
2i
2
= i
=
x=
( x + 4 )( x + 5 ) = x
13.
Since a 0 for quadratic equations, this

discriminant will always equal a positive number
and each solution will be a real number.
1
47
i
6
6
16. False.
The number 3i (or 0 + 3i ) is a complex number
and i is a pure imaginary number. Then
(i )(3i ) = 3i 2 = 3 . Since
3 is not an imaginary
number, the statement is false.
353
Homework 11.5
Homework 11.5
c.
1. x = dollars invested in CD
y = dollars invested in mutual fund
a.
b.
x + y = 10000
or
y = 10000 x
I = .0287 x + .081y
f ( x) = .0287 x + .081(10000 x )
= .0287 x + .08110000 .081x
f ( x) = .0523x + 810
0 x 10000
d.
We want
f ( x) = 500
.0695 x + 850.5 = 500
.0695 x = 350.5
350.5
= $5043.17
x=
.0695
You should invest $5043.17 in the CD and
$3956.83 in the mutual fund in order to earn
$500 interest.
f (10000) = .0695(10000) + 850.5
= $155.50
f is decreasing. The more money invested

in the CD, the less interest will be earned.
Although the formula for f ( x) yields a

plausible result at x = 10000 , this value is
outside the domain of f, since only $9000 is
available for investment. Thus model
breakdown has occurred.
c.
We want f ( x ) = 400
.0523 x + 810 = 400
.0523 x = 410
410
= $7839.39
x=
.0523
$400 interest.
a.
or
x + y = 8000
y = 8000 - x
I = .015 x + .116 y
f ( x) = .015 x + .116(8000 x)
= .015 x + .116 8000 .116 x
f ( x) = .101x + 928
2500 x 8000 ( see part b.)
b.
Since f is a decreasing function and

2500 x 8000
the minimum interest possible will be
f (8000) = .101(8000) + 928 = $120.00
and the maximum interest possible will be
f (2500) = .101(2500) + 928 = $675.50
Thus the investment can earn from $120 to
$675.50 in interest.
c.
We want
f ( x) = 400
.101x + 928 = 400
.101x = 528
528
= $5227.72
x=
.101
$400 interest.

a.
x + y = 9000 or y = 9000 x
I = .025 x + .0945 y
f ( x) = .025 x + .0945(9000 x)
= .025 x + .0945 9000 .0945 x
0 x 9000
f ( x) = .0695 x + 850.5
b.
f (500) = .0695(500) + 850.5

f (500) = $815.75
If $500 is invested in the CD and $8500 in
the mutual fund, $815.75 in interest will be
earned.
354
Homework 11.5

7.
b.
x = dollars invested in CD
a.
b.
c.
x + y = 6000
or
y = 6000 - x
I = .0285 x + .09 y
f ( x) = .0285 x + .09(6000 x)
= .0285 x + .09 6000 .09 x
f ( x) = .0615 x + 540
0 x 6000
c.
f (16000) = 25(16000) + 1500000

= 1,100, 000.
If 16000 of the $50 tickets are sold and 4000
of the $75 tickets are sold, the total revenue
will be $1,100,000.
We evaluate f (0) = $540. Thus the Iintercept is (0, 540). This means that if the
entire $6000 is invested in the mutual fund,
$540 in interest will be earned. Since f is a
decreasing function, $540 is also the
maximum interest that can be earned.
d. We want R = cost + profit = $1,075,000.

25 x + 1500000 = 1075000.
25 x = 425000.
425000
x=
= 17000
25
Thus we should sell 17000 of the $50 tickets
and 3000 of the $75 tickets to make
$600,000 profit.
The x-intercept occurs when f (x) = 0.

So
.0615 x + 540 = 0
.0615 x = 540
540
x=
= $8780.49
.0615
Thus the x-intercept is (8780.49, 0).
Although the formula for f ( x) yields a
plausible result for f (x) = 0 , this value is
outside the domain of f , since only $6000 is
available for investment. It is also illogical
to invest a large sum of money that returns
no interest. Thus model breakdown has
occurred.
d.
f is decreasing. The more $50 tickets sold,

the less revenue will be earned.
11. x = number of $45 tickets sold

y = number of $70 tickets sold
a.
The slope of f is 0.0615 . It means that

for every additional dollar invested in the
CD, 6.15 cents less interest is received.
x + y = 12000
or y = 12000 x
R = 45 x + 70 y
f ( x) = 45 x + 70(12000 x)
= 45 x + 70 12000 70 x
f ( x) = 25 x + 840000
0 x 12000
b.

a.
c.
x + y = 20000 or y = 20000 x
R = 50 x + 75 y
f ( x) = 50 x + 75(20000 x )
= 50 x + 75 20000 75 x
f ( x) = 25 x + 1500000
0 x 20000
355
Since f is a decreasing function and

0 x 12000 , the minimum revenue
possible will be
f (12000) = 25(12000) + 840000 = 540, 000
and the maximum revenue possible will be
f (0) = 25(0) + 840000 = 840, 000.
Thus the earned revenue will be between
$540,000 and $840,000.
Homework 11.5
d. We want R = $602,500.
25 x + 840000 = 602500.
For revenue of $900,000 per semester, we need

f ( x) = 900000
25 x = 237500
237500
= 9500
x=
25
Thus we should sell 9500 of the $45 tickets
and 2500 of the $70 tickets to earn $602,500
in revenue.
585 x = 900000
900000
= 1538.5
585
That is, we need 1539 part-time students and
4617 full-time students.
x=
17. Demand:
13. x = average price of a coach ticket
a.
y = average price of a first-class ticket

a.
Revenue = demand price

R= n p
f ( p ) = (2.25 p + 3162.5) p
y = x + 242
R = 126 x + 8 y
f ( x) = 126 x + 8( x + 242)
= 126 x + 8 x + 8 242
f ( x) = 134 x + 1936
x0
f ( p ) = 2.25 p 2 + 3162.5 p
b.
Set f ( p ) = 0
2.25 p 2 + 3162.5 p = 0
2.25 p ( p 1405.56) = 0
b. The slope of f is 134. This means that for

each dollar increase in the average price of a
coach ticket (and therefore a dollar increase
in the average price of a first-class ticket
also), the revenue from the flight will
increase by $134.
c.
n = 2.25 p + 3162.5
p ( p 1405.56 ) = 0
p = 0 or p = 1405.56
Thus p-intercepts are (0, 0) and (1405.56, 0)
If p = $0., we will give the guitars away; if
p = $1405.56, there will be no demand. In
either case, no revenue will be generated.
We want R = $14,130.
134 x + 1936 = 14130
c. The revenue function is part of the parabola

y = 2.25 p 2 + 3162.5 p
which has standard form
y = 2.25( p 2 1405.56 p + 493896.60)
134 x = 12194
12194
= $91.
x=
134
The average selling price for a coach ticket
should be $91 and the average price for a
first-class ticket should be $333 in order to
earn revenue of $14,130.
+ 1111267.36
y = 2.25( p 702.78) + 1111267.36
The maximum R value will occur at the vertex of
the parabola, which is (702.78, 1111267.36).
Thus the maximum monthly revenue is
$1,111,267.36, which occurs when the price per
guitar is $702.78
2
15. x = number of part-time students per semester

y = number of full-time students per semester
y = 3x
R = 13(3x + 14 y )
f ( x) = 13 3x + 13 14(3x )
19.
a.
Start by plotting the data.
= 39 x + 546 x
f ( x) = 585 x
x0
A linear model seems appropriate. Using
linear regression we get
n = 136.2 p + 5861.64
356
Section 11.5 Quiz

b. Revenue = demand price
R= n p
d.
2.164 p 2 + 2493.6 p = 240000
f ( p ) = (136.2 p + 5861.64) p
2.164 p 2 + 2493.6 p 240000 = 0
f ( p ) = 136.2 p + 5861.64 p
2
c.
Using the quadratic formula:
Set f ( p ) = 0
136.2 p 2 + 5861.64 p = 0
136.2 p ( p 43.04) = 0
p=
p = 0 or p = 43.04
Thus the p-intercepts are (0, 0) and
(43.04, 0).
p = $0., we will give the CDs away; if
p = $43.04, there will be no demand. In
either case, no revenue will be generated.
e.
d. The revenue function is part of the parabola

y = 136.2 p 2 + 5861.64 p
The revenue function is part of the parabola

y = 2.164 p 2 + 2493.6 p
y = 2.164( p 2 1152.31 p + 331954.89) + 718350.39
y = 2.164( p 576.16) + 718350.39
2
The maximum R value will occur at the

vertex of the parabola, which is (576.16,
718350.39). Thus the maximum monthly
revenue is $718,350.39, which occurs when
the price per printer is $576.16.
y = 136.2( p 2 43.04 p + 463.11) + 63075.64

y = 136.2( p 21.52) + 63075.64
2

revenue is $63,075.64, which occurs when
the price per CD is $21.52.
Section 11.5 Quiz

Start by plotting the data.

a.
A linear model seems appropriate. Using

linear regression we get
n = 2.164 p + 2493.6
x + y = 8000 or y = 8000 x
I = .029 x + .127 y
f ( x) = .029 x + .127(8000 x)
= .029 x + .127 8000 .127 x
f ( x) = .098 x + 1016
0 x 8000
b.
b. The variable n is the dependent variable

because the number of demands depends on
the price.
c.
2493.6 (2493.6) 2 4(2.164)(240000)
2(2.164)
2493.6 2034.85
or
p=
so
4.328
p = 106
or
p = 1046.31
Thus if we sell the printers for either $106
apiece or $1046.31 apiece, our revenue will
be $240,000.
If
p ( p 43.04 ) = 0
21. a.
Set f ( p ) = $240, 000.
f (500) = .098(500) + 1016

f (500) = $967.
If $500 is invested in the CD and $7500 in
the mutual fund, $967 in interest will be
earned.

R= n p
f ( p ) = (2.164 p + 2493.6) p
f ( p ) = 2.164 p 2 + 2493.6 p
357
Homework 11.6
c.
We want
f ( x) = 500
.098 x + 1016 = 500
.098 x = 516
516
= $5265.31
x=
.098
away; if p = $541.67, there will be no

demand. In either case, no revenue will be
generated.
c.

$500 interest.
y = 120( p 2 541.67 p + 73351.6) + 8802191.67

2
y = 120( p 270.84) + 8802191.67

revenue is $8,802,191.67, which occurs
when the price per DVD player is $270.84.

a.
b.
c.
The revenue function is part of the parabola

y = 120 p 2 + 65000 p
x + y = 16000 or y = 16000 x
R = 30 x + 50 y
f ( x) = 30 x + 50(16000 x)
= 30 x + 50 16000 50 x
f ( x) = 20 x + 800000
0 x 16000
Homework 11.6
1. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c 2 = 52 + 122
c 2 = 25 + 144
The slope of f is -20; this means that for

every (additional) $30 ticket sold, the
revenue will decrease by $20.
c 2 = 169
c = 13
3. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
We want R = $500,000.
20 x + 800000 = 500000.
c 2 = 4 2 + 52
20 x = 300000.
300000
= 15000
x=
20
Thus we should sell 15,000 $30 tickets and
1000 $50 tickets to earn $500,000 in
revenue.
c 2 = 16 + 25
c 2 = 41
c = 41
5. a 2 + b 2 = c 2
3. Demand: n = 120 p + 65000
32 + b 2 = 82

R= n p
b 2 = 55
a.
9 + b 2 = 64
b = 55
f ( p ) = ( 120 p + 65000) p
f ( p ) = 120 p 2 + 65000 p
7. a 2 + b 2 = c 2
a 2 + 52 = 7 2
b. Set f ( p ) = 0
a 2 + 25 = 49
120 p 2 + 65000 p = 0
120 p( p 541.67) = 0
a 2 = 24
p ( p 541.67 ) = 0
a = 24
p = 0 or p = 541.67
Thus the p-intercepts are (0, 0) and
a=2 6
(541.67, 0).
If p = $0., we will give the DVD players
358
Homework 11.6
9. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c2 =
19.
( 2) +( 5)
2
d=
c2 = 2 + 5
= 12.25 + 51.84
c= 7
= 64.09
8.01
11. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c 2 = 212 + 7 2
21.
c = 441 + 49
= 176.3053
13.28
( 2,5) and (6, 7 )

(6 2 )2 + (7 5)2
23. C (0, 0 ) and r = 5
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 52
= 16 + 4
= 20
x 2 + y 2 = 25
4.47
15.
25. C (0, 0 ) and r = 6.7
( 3,5) and ( 4,2 )

d=
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 6.7 2
( 4 ( 3 ) ) + ( 2 5 )
2
= 7 2 + ( 3 )
x 2 + y 2 = 44.89
= 49 + 9
27. C (5,3) and r = 2
= 58
7.62
17.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 5 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 22
( x 5 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 4
( 4, 1) and ( 1, 5)
d=
= 31.5844 + 144.7209
c = 7 10
= 4 +2
(3.44 ( 2.18)) + (6.29 (5.74 ))
= 5.62 2 + 12.032
c = 490
( 2.18, 5.74 ) and (3.44, 6.29 )

d=
c 2 = 490
d=
(5.6 2.1)2 + (1.7 8.9 )2
= 3.52 + ( 7.2 )
c2 = 7
13.
( 2.1,8.9 ) and (5.6,1.7 )
(1 (4 )) + ( 5 ( 1))
2
29. C ( 2,1) and r = 4
= 32 + ( 4 )
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
= 9 + 16
2
( x ( 2 )) + ( y 1)2 = 42
= 25
=5
( x + 2 )2 + ( y 1)2 = 16
359
Homework 11.6
31. C ( 7, 3) and r = 3
r 2 = 16
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x (7 )) + ( y ( 3))
2
r = 16
r=4
( 3)
( x + 7 )2 + ( y + 3)2 = 3
33. x 2 + y 2 = 25
The equation has the form x 2 + y 2 = r 2 .

Therefore, C = (0, 0 ) and
r 2 = 25
39.
r = 25
r =5
( x + 6 )2 + ( y 1)2 = 7
2
( x ( 6 )) + ( y 1)2 = (
Therefore, C = (0, 0 ) and

r2 = 8
41.
r= 8
( x + 3)2 + ( y + 2 )2 = 1
( x ( 3)) + ( y ( 2 ))
2
r=2 2
= 12
The equation is in the form
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is C ( 3, 2 ) and the radius is
x
4
( x 3)
r= 7.
The equation has the form x 2 + y 2 = r 2 .
37.
35. x 2 + y 2 = 8
+ ( y 5 ) = 16
2
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is C ( 6,1) and the radius is
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is ( h, k ) or C (3,5 ) and
360
r =1.
Homework 11.6
43. a = 5, b = 20, c = length of ladder
( x 2 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 9
( x 5 )2 + ( y 6 )2 = 9
c2 = a2 + b2
c 2 = 52 + 20 2
c 2 = 25 + 400
c 2 = 425
c = 425
c 20.62
The ladder must be approximately 20.62 feet
long.
(5, 3)
45. a = 465, c = 964, b = distance

4652 + b 2 = 964 2
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 42
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 16
b = 713071
b = 713071
b 844.44
a + b + c = 465 + 844.44 + 964
Find the coordinates of five points, ( x, y ) , that
= 2273.44
The total distance of the road trip would be
approximately 2273.44 miles.
satisfy this equation. Two possible answers are:

(3, 6) and (7, 2 ) .
55. No. The graph of the relation is a circle with
radius 7 and centered at the origin. The graph
fails the vertical line test.
47. C (1, 2 ) and r = 3 .
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
2
57. a.
= 32
( x 1)2 + ( y + 2 )2 = 9
49. The radius is the distance from the center to any
point on the circle. The distance between
C (3, 2 ) and (5, 6 ) is given by:
d=
(5 3 )
= 2 +4
53. Find the equation of the circle that has center

C (3, 2 ) and radius r = 4 .
a 2 + b2 = c 2
( x 1)2 + ( y ( 2 ))
The square root of a nonnegative number is

a nonnegative real number and the square
root of a negative number is an imaginary
number. Therefore, y 0 for real number
values of y.
b.
+ (6 2 )
= 4 + 16
= 20
59. a.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
20
The radius is r = 20 .
The equation of the circle is
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = (
Sketches may vary. One example:
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 20
361
Section 11.6 Quiz
a = k,b = k
b.
3.
c2 = a2 + b2
2
c = k +k
d=
4.
c=k 2
= 49
c=k 2
=7
5=k 2
5. C ( 3, 2 ) and r = 6
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
2
2
2
( x ( 3)) + ( y 2 )2 = 62
( x + 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 36
5 2
k=
2
6. C (0, 0 ) and r = 2.8
Section 11.6 Quiz
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 2.82
1. a = 4, c = 8
a2 + b2 = c2
2
4 +b =8
x 2 + y 2 = 7.84
7. x 2 + y 2 = 12
16 + b 2 = 64
The equation is in the form x 2 + y 2 = r 2 . The
b 2 = 48
b = 48
center is C (0, 0 ) and
b=4 3
r 2 = 12
r = 12
The other leg is 4 3 inches.
r=2 3
2. b = 16, c = 19
2
2
( 4 (3)) + (2 2 )2
= 7 2 + 02
=3 2
( 3, 2 ) and ( 4, 2)
d=
c=k 2
k=
= 41
c = 2 k2
k=
(3 (2 )) + (1 ( 5))
= 25 + 16
c = 2k 2
d.
and (3, 1)
= 52 + 4 2
c 2 = 2k 2
c.
( 2, 5)
a +b = c
a 2 + 16 2 = 19 2
a 2 + 256 = 361
a 2 = 105
4
4
a = 105
a 10.25
The height of the screen is about 10.25 inches.
362
Homework 11.7
8.
Homework 11.7
( x + 4 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 25
2
( x ( 4 )) + ( y 3)2 = 52
1.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 . The center is C ( 4,3)
x2 y2
+
=1
36 9
a 2 = 36, a = 6
x-intercepts: ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 )
and the radius is r = 5 .

y
b 2 = 9, b = 3
y-intercepts: (0, 3) , (0,3)
12
4
12
9. C ( 2, 1)
The radius is the distance from the center,

( 2, 1) , to the point ( 4, 7 ) that lies on the circle.
d=
(4 2)
3.
+ (7 ( 1))
x2 y2
+
=1
4 36
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
= 2 2 + 82
= 4 + 64
b 2 = 36, b = 6
y-intercepts: (0, 6 ) , (0, 6 )
= 68
The equation of the circle is
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 2 )2 + ( y ( 1))
68
( x 2 )2 + ( y + 1)2 = 68
( x + 2) + y = 4
( x 3)2 + y 2 = 9
2
5.
a 2 = 100, a = 10
x-intercepts: ( 10, 0 ) , (10, 0 )
(0, 0)
4
x2 y2
+
=1
100 16
b 2 = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )
4
8
363
Homework 11.7
7.

y-intercepts: (0, 6 ) , (0, 6 )
25 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 100
2
25 x
4y
100
+
=
100 100 100
x2 y2
+
=1
4 25
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 25, b = 5
y-intercepts: (0, 5 ) , (0,5 )
13.
x 2 25 y 2 25
+
=
25
25
25
2
2
x
y
+
=1
25 1
a 2 = 25, a = 5
2
4
x 2 + 25 y 2 = 25
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
b 2 = 1, b = 1
9.
y-intercepts: (0, 1) , (0,1)
9 x 2 + 100 y 2 = 900
9 x 2 100 y 2 900
+
=
900
900
900
2
2
x
y
+
=1
100 9
a 2 = 100, a = 10
x-intercepts: ( 10, 0 ) , (10, 0 )
b 2 = 9, b = 3
y-intercepts: (0, 3) , (0,3)
15.
5 x 2 16 y 2 80
+
=
80
80
80
x2 y2
+
=1
16 5
a 2 = 16, a = 4
5 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 80
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b 2 = 5, b = 5
11.
x 2 + y 2 = 36
2
)(
y-intercepts: 0, 5 , 0, 5
x
y
36
+
=
36 36 36
x2 y2
+
=1
36 36
a 2 = 36, a = 6
x-intercepts: ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 )
2
4
b = 36, b = 6
364
Homework 11.7
then sketch the inclined asymptotes.
17. 16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 1
x2
y2
+
=1
1/16 1/ 25
1
1
a2 = , a =
16
4
1 1
x-intercepts: , 0 , , 0
4 4
1
1
b2 = , b =
25
5
1 1
y-intercepts: 0, , 0,
5 5
2
4
23.
x2 y 2
=1
25 81
a 2 = 25, a = 5
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
b 2 = 81, b = 9
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 ) , ( 0, 9 ) , and ( 0,9 ) , and

y
19.
x
y
=1
16 4
a = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
25.
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
21.
16 x 2 4 y 2 = 64
16 x 2 4 y 2 64
=
64
64 64
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
a 2 = 4, a = 2
b 2 = 4, b = 2
points ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) , (0, 2 ) , and (0, 2 ) , and
y 2 x2
=1
16 25

y
b 2 = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )

a 2 = 25, a = 5
points ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
8
8
365
Homework 11.7
27.

y-intercepts: (0, 1) , (0,1)
x2 9 y2 = 9
2
a 2 = 16, a = 4
points ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) , (0, 1) , and ( 0,1) , and
x
9y
9
=
9
9
9
2
2
x
y
=1
9
1
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
b 2 = 1, b = 1
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 1) , and (0,1) , and then
sketch the inclined asymptotes.

y
33.
25 x 2 7 y 2 175
=
175 175 175
x2 y2
=1
7 25
a 2 = 7, a = 7
29.
y2 x2 = 4
2
25 x 2 7 y 2 = 175
y
x
4
=
4
4 4
2
y
x2
=1
4
4
b 2 = 4, b = 2
b = 25, b = 5
)(
points 7, 0 ,
7, 0 , ( 0, 5 ) , and ( 0, 5 ) ,
and then sketch the inclined asymptotes.

y
a 2 = 4, a = 2
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 2 ) , and (0, 2 ) , and
31.
7, 0
y-intercepts: (0, 2 ) , (0, 2 )
)(
x-intercepts: 7, 0 ,
16 y 2 x 2 = 16
16 y 2 x 2 16
=
16
16 16
y2 x2
=1
1 16
b 2 = 1, b = 1
366
Homework 11.7
35.
y-intercepts: (0, 9 ) , (0,9 )
x2 y2
+
=1
64 4
Ellipse
a 2 = 64, a = 8
8
4
x-intercepts: ( 8, 0 ) , (8, 0 )
b 2 = 4, b = 2
y-intercepts: (0, 2 ) , (0, 2 )
41. x 2 + y 2 = 1
x2 y2
+
=1
1
1
Circle
a 2 = 1, a = 1
x-intercepts: ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 )
2
b 2 = 1, b = 1
37. x y = 1
y-intercepts: (0, 1) , (0,1)
x2 y 2
=1
1
1
Hyperbola
a 2 = 1, a = 1
x-intercepts: ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 )
43.
39.
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )
81x 2 + 49 y 2 = 3969
2
9 y 2 4 x 2 = 144
9 y 2 4 x 2 144
=
144 144 144
y2 x2
=1
16 36
Hyperbola
b 2 = 16, b = 4
sketch the inclined asymptotes.
b 2 = 1, b = 1
points ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 ) , ( 0, 1) , and (0,1) , and then
a 2 = 36, a = 6
points ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
81x
49 y
3969
+
=
3969 3969 3969
x2 y2
+
=1
49 81
Ellipse
a 2 = 49, a = 7
x-intercepts: ( 7, 0 ) , ( 7, 0 )
b 2 = 81, b = 9
8
8
367
Homework 11.7
45.
x2 y 2
=1
25 25
Hyperbola
a 2 = 25, a = 5
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
2
2
b = 25, b = 5
points ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 ) , ( 0, 5) , and (0,5 ) , and
51.

y
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 81
9 x 2 9 y 2 81
=
81
81 81
x2 y 2
=1
9
9
Hyperbola
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
47. x 2 + y 2 = 16
b 2 = 9, b = 3
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 3) , and ( 0,3) , and
x2 y2
+
=1
16 16
Circle
a 2 = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )

y
4
4
2
2
2
49.
53. a.
i.
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
x2 y2
+
=1
4 16
Ellipse
a 2 = 4, a = 2
4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 64
4 x 2 4 y 2 64
+
=
64
64 64
x2 y2
+
=1
16 16
Circle
a 2 = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )

y
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )
368
Homework 11.7
ii.
Circle
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
Hyperbola
a 2 = 4, a = 2
b 2 = 4, b = 2
y-intercepts: (0, 2 ) , (0, 2 )

y
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains
the points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and
(0, 4) , and then sketch the inclined
asymptotes.
y
b.
iii.
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
If c > 0 and d > 0 and c d , then the

graph is an ellipse.
If c > 0 and d < 0 , then the graph is a
hyperbola with x-intercepts.
If c < 0 and d > 0 , then the graph is a
hyperbola with y-intercepts.
If c = d and c > 0 , then the graph is a
circle.
x2 y2
+
= 1 is an ellipse. The
4 81
graph fails the vertical line test.
55. No. The graph of
y 2 x2
=1
16 4
Hyperbola
b 2 = 16, b = 4
57. a.
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )

a 2 = 4, a = 2
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains
the points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and
(0, 4) , and then sketch the inclined

asymptotes.
y
5
4 x2
2
The square root of a nonnegative number is
a nonnegative real number and the square
root of a negative number is an imaginary
5
5
number. Since
is positive,
4 x 2 is
2
2
nonnegative for real values of y. Thus,
y 0 for real number values of y.
y=
b.
y
4
x
4
iv.
x
y
+
=1
c
d
x2 y2
+
=1
4
4
369
Section 11.7 Quiz
59. Answers may vary. Possible answer:

x
=1
a
b2
To keep the ellipses from intersecting, we
increase the value of a and b for each equation.
Some possible equations:
2
2.
y 2 x2
=1
49 9
b 2 = 49, b = 7
y-intercepts: (0, 7 ) , ( 0, 7 )
a 2 = 9, a = 3
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 7 ) , and (0, 7 ) , and
x
y
x
y
+
= 1, +
= 1,
1
4
4
9
x2 y2
x2 y2
+
= 1, +
= 1,
9 16
16 25
x2 y2
+
=1
25 36

y
3.
r2
x2
2
+
+
y2
r2
y2
2
r2
r2
4 x 2 y 2 = 16
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
=1
b 2 = 16, b = 4
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
r
r
Ellipse
Since a 2 = b 2 = r 2 , it is also a circle. (Note that
all circles are ellipses just as all squares are
rectangles.)

y
Section 11.7 Quiz

1.
x2 y2
+
=1
9 25
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
b 2 = 25, b = 5
y-intercepts: (0, 5 ) , (0,5 )

y
4 x 2 y 2 16
=
16 16 16
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x2 + y2 = r 2
x2
61.
370
Section 11.7 Quiz
4.

points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 2 ) , and (0, 2 ) , and
16 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 48
16 x 2 3 y 2 48
+
=
48
48 48
x2 y2
+
=1
3 16
a 2 = 3, a = 3
)(
3, 0
b 2 = 16, b = 4
y-intercepts: (0, 4 ) , (0, 4 )

y
7.
x2 y2
+
=1
5 14
a 2 = 5, a = 5
)(
b 2 = 14, b = 14
5
5.
5, 0
)(
y-intercepts: 0, 14 , 0, 14
y
x
y
=1
8
3
a = 8, a = 2 2
)(
x-intercepts: 2 2, 0 , 2 2, 0
(
)(
)(
)
(0, 3 ) , and then sketch the inclined
8.
x 2 + 9 y 2 = 81
x 2 9 y 2 81
+
=
81 81 81
x2 y2
+
=1
81 9
a 2 = 81, a = 9
asymptotes.
y
points 2 2, 0 , 2 2, 0 , 0, 3 , and
b 2 = 3, b = 3
x-intercepts: ( 9, 0 ) , (9,0 )
b 2 = 9, b = 3
y-intercepts: (0, 3) , (0,3)

y
6.
4 y 4 x = 16
4 y 2 4 x 2 16
=
16
16 16
y 2 x2
=1
4
4
b 2 = 4, b = 2
8
8
y-intercepts: (0, 2 ) , (0, 2 )

a 2 = 4, a = 2
371
Homework 11.8
3. y = x 2 + 1
y = x + 3
x2 y 2
= 1 is a hyperbola.
9
4
The graph fails the vertical line test.
9. No. The graph of
10. Answers will vary. The points (0,3) and (0, 3)
are y-intercepts. An ellipse with these y-
(2, 5)
x2
y2
intercepts has the form 2 +
= 1 . Three
9
a
possibilities: let a = 1, 2, and 4 .
(1, 2)
4
x2 y2
+
=1
4
9
x2 y2
+
=1
16 9
x2 + x 2 = 0
( x + 2 )( x 1) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x 1 = 0
1. x + y = 25
x = 2 or x = 1
Let x = 2 and x = 1 in y = x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = ( 2 ) + 3
y = (1) + 3
4 x + 25 y = 100
y
4
(5, 0)
(5, 0)
2
= 2+3
= 1 + 3
=5
=2
The solutions are ( 2,5 ) and (1, 2 ) .
The two intersections points ( 5, 0 ) and (5, 0 )
5. y = x 2 2
are the solutions to the system.

Solve using elimination:
4 x 2 4 y 2 = 100
y = x2 + 6
4 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 100
(2, 2)
(2, 2)
21 y = 0
2
y =0
y=0
The two intersection points ( 2, 2 ) and ( 2, 2 )
Let y = 0 in x 2 + y 2 = 25 and solve for x.

2
x2 + 1 = x + 3
Homework 11.8
The two intersection points ( 2,5 ) and (1, 2 )

are the solutions of the system.
Solve using substitution.
Substitute x 2 + 1 for y in the second equation.
y = x + 3
x2 y2
+
=1
1
9

Substitute x 2 2 for y in the second equation.
x + 0 = 25
2
x = 25
x = 5
The solutions are ( 5, 0 ) and (5, 0 ) .
372
Homework 11.8
y = x2 + 6
x 2 + y 2 = 25
x2 2 = x2 + 6
x 2 + ( x 1) = 25
2
2 x2 = 8
x 2 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 25
x2 = 4
2 x 2 + 2 x 24 = 0
x = 2
Let x = 2 and x = 2 in y = x 2 2 and solve
for y.
y = ( 2 ) 2
2
x 2 + x 12 = 0
( x + 4 )( x 3) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x 3 = 0
y = (2) 2
2
= 42
x = 4 or x = 3
Let x = 4 and x = 3 in y = x 1 and solve
for y.
y = ( 4 ) 1
y = (3 ) 1
= 42
=2
=2
The solutions are ( 2, 2 ) and ( 2, 2 ) .
= 4 1
7. x 2 + y 2 = 49
= 3 1
=3
= 4
The solutions are ( 4,3) and (3, 4 ) .
x 2 + y 2 = 16
y
11. y 2 x 2 = 16
y + x2 = 4
8
The graphs do not intersect. The solution set is

the empty set, .
Solve using elimination.
x 2 + y 2 = 49
(3, 5)
and (3, 5) are the solutions to the system.

y 2 x 2 = 16
9. x 2 + y 2 = 25
y = x 1
y + x2 = 4
y 2 + y = 20
y 2 + y 20 = 0
( y + 5 )( y 4 ) = 0
4
The three intersection points ( 3, 5) , (0, 4 ) ,
0 = 33 False
There is no solution.
(3, 5)
x 2 y 2 = 16
(4, 3)
(0, 4)
y + 5 = 0 or y 4 = 0
y = 5 or y = 4
Let y = 5 and y = 4 in y + x 2 = 4 and solve
for x.
5 + x 2 = 4
4 + x2 = 4
(3, 4)
The two intersection points ( 4,3) and (3, 4 )

Substitute x 1 for y in the first equation.
x2 = 9
x2 = 0
x = 3
x=0
The solutions are ( 3, 5) , (3, 5) , and (0, 4 ) .
373
Homework 11.8
9 x2 + y2 = 9
13. 25 x 2 9 y 2 = 225
9 x 2 + (3 x + 3 ) = 9
2
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
y
9 x 2 + 9 x 2 + 18 x + 9 = 9
18 x 2 + 18 x = 0
(3, 0)
18 x ( x + 1) = 0
18 x = 0 or x + 1 = 0
(3, 0)
x = 0 or x = 1
Let x = 0 and x = 1 in y = 3 x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = 3 (0 ) + 3
y = 3 ( 1) + 3
The two intersection points ( 3, 0 ) and (3, 0 )

25 x 2 9 y 2 = 225
= 0+3
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
29 x 2 = 261
17.
x2 = 9
4 ( 3 ) + 9 y 2 = 36
4 (3 ) + 9 y 2 = 36
36 + 9 y 2 = 36
36 + 9 y 2 = 36
9 y2 = 0
y =0
y=0
The graphs do not intersect. The solution set is

the empty set, .
16 x 2 36 y 2 = 144

15. 9 x 2 + y 2 = 9
y = 3x + 3
16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 225
11 y 2 = 81
81
11
Since y 2 cannot be negative (in the real number
system), there is no solution.
y2 =
(0, 3)
(1, 0)
4
y =0
y=0
9 y2 = 0
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 225
x = 3
Let x = 3 and x = 3 in 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 and
solve for y.
2
= 3 + 3
=3
=0
The solutions are (0,3) and ( 1, 0 ) .
19. y = x 3
y = x 1
The two intersection points ( 1, 0 ) and (0,3)

Substitute 3 x + 3 for y in the first equation.
2
4
374
2
(1, 2)
Homework 11.8

The intersection point (1, 2 ) is the solution to
solve for y.
the system.
Substitute x 3 for y in the second equation.
y = x 1
y= 3
y=
( 3)
= 32
=1
The solutions are 3,1 and
x = x + 2
( x)
= 32
=1
x 3 = x 1
2
3,1 .
23. 25 y 2 4 x 2 = 100
= ( x + 2 )
9 x2 + y2 = 9
y
x = x2 4 x + 4
x2 5x + 4 = 0
( x 4 )( x 1) = 0
(0.74, 2.02)
x 4 = 0 or x 1 = 0
(0.74, 2.02)
x = 4 or x = 1
Let x = 4 and x = 1 in y = x 3 and solve for
y.
y = 4 3
y = 13
(0.74, 2.02)
(0.74, 2.02)
The four intersection points ( 0.74, 2.02 ) ,
( 0.74, 2.02 ) , (0.74, 2.02 ) , and (0.74, 2.02)
= 23
= 1 3
= 1
= 2
Check each result in y = x 1 .

9 x2 + y 2 = 9
1 = ( 4 ) 1
2 = 1 1
1 = 5 False 2 = 2 True
The only solution is (1, 2 ) .
y 2 = 9 9 x2
Substitute 9 9x 2 for y 2 in the first equation.
21. y = 2 x 2 5
25 y 2 4 x 2 = 100
25 9 9 x 2 4 x 2 = 100
y = x 2
225 225 x 2 4 x 2 = 100
229 x 2 = 125
125
x2 =
229
4
( 3 , 1)
( 3 , 1)
x=
The two intersection points 3,1 and
125
0.74
229
Let x = 0.74 and x = 0.74 in 9 x 2 + y 2 = 9 and

solve for y.
3,1
9 ( 0.74 ) + y 2 = 9
2

Substitute 2 x 2 5 for y in the second equation.
y 2 = 4.07
y = 4.07 2.02
y = x2 2
9 ( 0.74 ) + y = 9
2
2 x2 5 = x2 2
y 2 = 4.07
x2 = 3
y = 4.07 2.02
x= 3
The solutions are ( 0.74, 2.02 ) , ( 0.74, 2.02 ) ,
Let x = 3 and x = 3 in y = x 2 2 and
(0.74, 2.02 ) , and (0.74, 2.02) .
375
Homework 11.8

solve for y.
25. 25 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 225
y
(2.23, 3.31)
9 ( 3 ) + y 2 = 85
9 (3) + y 2 = 85
81 + y 2 = 85
81 + y 2 = 85
x 2 + y 2 = 16
y2 = 4
(2.25, 3.31)
(2.25, 3.31) 4
y2 = 4
y = 2
2
5
y = 2
The four solutions are ( 3, 2 ) , ( 3, 2 ) ,
(3, 2) , and (3, 2 ) . Each result satisfies both
(2.25, 3.31)
equations.
The four intersection points ( 2.25, 3.31) ,
( 2.25,3.31) , ( 2.25, 3.31) , and ( 2.25,3.31)
29. y = 2 x 2 5 x 11

25 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 225
y = x 2 3x + 4
Substitute 2 x 2 5 x 11 for y in the second
equation.
y = x 2 3x + 4
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 144
16 x 2 = 81
2 x 2 5 x 11 = x 2 3 x + 4
81
16
9
x=
4
x = 2.25
x2 =
x 2 2 x 15 = 0
( x 5)( x + 3) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 5 or x = 3
Let x = 2.25 and x = 2.25 in x 2 + y 2 = 16 and

solve for y.
Let x = 5 and x = 3 in y = x 2 3x + 4 and

solve for y.
( 2.25 )2 + y 2 = 16
y = (5 ) 3 (5 ) + 4
2
y = 10.9375
= 25 15 + 4
y = 3.31
y 2 = 10.9375
= 9+9+4
result satisfies both equations.
y = 3.31
31. y = x 2 3 x + 2
y = 2x 4
Substitute 2 x 4 for y in the first equation.
The solutions are ( 2.25, 3.31) , ( 2.25,3.31) ,
( 2.25, 3.31) , and ( 2.25,3.31) .

9 x 2 + y 2 = 85
2
= 14
= 22
The solutions are (5,14 ) and ( 3, 22 ) . Each
( 2.25 )2 + y 2 = 16
27.
y = ( 3 ) 3 ( 3 ) + 4
y = x 2 3x + 2
2x 3y = 6
27 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 255
2 x 4 = x 2 3x + 2
x2 5 x + 6 = 0
( x 3)( x 2 ) = 0
2 x2 3 y 2 = 6
x 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0
29 x 2 = 261
x = 3 or x = 2
Let x = 3 and x = 2 in y = 2 x 4 and solve for
y.
x =9
x = 3
Let x = 3 and x = 3 in 9 x 2 + y 2 = 85 and
376
Section 11.8 Quiz

y = 2 (3 ) 4
y = 2 (2 ) 4
Section 11.8 Quiz
= 6 4
= 44
=2
=0
The solutions are (3, 2 ) and ( 2, 0 ) . Each result
1. 9 x 2 + y 2 = 81
x2 + y 2 = 9
y
satisfies both equations.

2
x + y = 25
33.
4 x 25 y 2 = 100
2
4 x + 25 y = 100
(5,0)
x
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 81
8 y2 = 0
The two intersection points for all three graphs

are ( 5, 0 ) and (5, 0 ) . These are the solutions to
y2 = 0
y=0
the system. Each result satisfies all three

equations.
Let y = 0 in x 2 + y 2 = 9 and solve for x.

x 2 + y 2 = 16
x2 + y2 = 9
x 2 + 02 = 9
x y = 16
x2 = 9
x = 3
37. 2 x 2 + cy 2 = 82
y = x 2 + dx + 5
Substitute (1, 4 ) into each equation.
2 (1) + c ( 4 ) = 82
2
The two intersection points ( 3, 0 ) and (3, 0 )

9 x 2 + y 2 = 81
8
8
(5,0)
(3,0)
(3,0)
2 + 16c = 82
16c = 80
2. y = x 2 2
y = 2 x + 1
4 = (1) + d (1) + 5
2
4 = 1+ d + 5
d = 2
(3,7)
c=5
39. Written response. Answers may vary.

4 2
2 4
(1, 1)
The two intersection points (1, 1) and ( 3, 7 )

Substitute x 2 2 for y in the second equation.
377
Section 11.8 Quiz
y = 2 x + 1
4. 25 x 2 4 y 2 = 100
x 2 = 2 x + 1
9 x2 + y2 = 9
x2 + 2 x 3 = 0
( x + 3)( x 1) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 3 or x = 1
Let x = 3 and x = 1 in y = 2 x + 1 and solve
for y.
y = 2 ( 3 ) + 1
y = 2 (1) + 1
= 6 +1
The graphs do not intersect. There are no

solutions to the system.
225 x 2 36 y 2 = 900
= 2 + 1
225 x 2 25 y 2 = 225
3. y = x 2 + 3
61 y 2 = 675
y = x2 6 x + 9
675
61
2
Since y must be nonnegative (in the real
number system), there are no solutions to the
system. The solution set is the empty set, .
y2 =
8
(1, 4)
=7
= 1
The solutions are ( 3, 7 ) and (1, 1) .
5. x 2 y 2 = 16
x 2 + y 2 = 16
The intersection point (1, 4 ) is the solution to the
y = ( x + 4)
system.
Substitute x 2 + 3 for y in the second equation.
y = x2 6 x + 9
x2 + 3 = x2 6 x + 9
(4, 0)
6x 6 = 0
x 1 = 0
x =1
The intersection point of all three graphs is

( 4, 0 ) . This is the solution of the system.
Let x = 1 in y = x 2 + 3 and solve for y.

y = (1) + 3
2

x 2 + y 2 = 25
= 1+ 3
=4
The solution is (1, 4 ) .
y = x2 + 5
378

Lehmann IA SSM Ch11

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Chapter 11

Since x is always nonnegative, the solution set

Since 2 x + 9 is always nonnegative, the

for x = 3 is the empty set, .

solution set for 2 x + 9 = 6 is the empty set, .

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

27. 4.7 x 3.9 = 8.8

3.7 2.1x + 5.8 = 19.9

2.1x + 5.8 5.38

2.1x = 0.42 or 2.1x = 11.18

Since 7 x + 15 is always nonnegative, the

29. 3.7 2.1x + 5.8 9.7 = 10.2

2.1x + 5.8 = 5.38

Since x is nonnegative, the inequality x < 3

has an empty set solution, .

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Since 2 x + 3 is always nonnegative, the

Since 5 9 , the statement

solution set for the inequality 2 x + 3 < 1 is the

55. 2.9 x 5.6 > 13.9

Written responses will vary.

2.9 x > 19.5

3.5 x 1.3 2.34

2.34 3.5 x 1.3 2.34

which covers all real numbers.

57. 6.2 3.5 x 1.3 14.5

When graphed together, this becomes

x < 6.72 or x > 6.72

Section 11.1 Quiz

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Section 11.1 Quiz

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

set for x 5 < 7 is the empty set, .

Since 2 x 9 is always nonnegative, the

Since 5 5 , the statement a b = a b is

not true for all real numbers a and b.

Graph the line y =

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

shade below it.

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

y < x + 5 , y x + 5 , and y >

Section 11.2 Quiz

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Section 11.2 Quiz

Graph the line y =

35. Answers may vary. One possible answer:

(3, 4 ) is a solution but ( 4,3) is not a solution.

37. The intersection of the solution regions of

39. Answers may vary. See Key Points.

Section 11.2 Quiz

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Graph the line y =

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

10. x y > 3 y < x 3

( 2, 5) , ( 2,5) , and ( 2, 5) are solutions but

12. Answers may vary. One possible inequality

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

23. 7 x3 7000 = 7 x3 1000

= (10 x 1) (10 x ) + (10 x )(1) + 12

15. 1000 x3 1 = (10 x ) 13

Section 11.3 Quiz

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

55. Written response. Answers may vary.

53. No. The middle term of the trinomial is