Code.

No: 44032
R07 SET-1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH –II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS JANUARY- 2010
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(COMMON TO BME, ECC)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Derive the relation between Fourier Transform and Autocorrelation function.
b) Find the Fourier transform of following signals
i) δ (t) ii) u (t - τ )
iii) Cos ω t iv) SinC(t) [8+8]

2.a) Explain the need for modulation.

b) Differentiate the different types of modulation techniques. [8+8]

3.a) Mention & explain the procedure of demodulation of FM signals.

b) Compare NBFM & AM. [8+8]

4.a) Explain in detail advantages of PWM over PAM.

b) State & prove sampling theorem for Band limited signals. [8+8]

5. Consider an audio signal em(t)=2cos(1000 π t )

a) Find the signal to equalization noise ratio when the signal is quantized
using 8-bit PCM.
b) How many bits of quantization are needed to achieve a signal to
quantization noise ratio of at least 30dB? [8+8]

6.a) Explain the quadrature PSK technique? Why is it necessary?

b) Give the non-coherent detection of FSK? [8+8]

7.a) A discrete source transmits message x1, x2 and x3 with probabilities 0.3, 0.4 & 0.3.
The source is connected to channel as shown in figure. Find all entropies.

b) State & explain the trade off between S/N & Bandwidth in Shannon’s Theorem.
[8+8]
8.a) The generator matrix for a (6, 3) block code is given below. Find all code vectors
of this code.
⎡1 0 0 : 1 1 0 ⎤
G = ⎢⎢0 1 0 : 0 1 1 ⎥⎥
⎣⎢0 0 1 : 1 1 1 ⎦⎥
b) Explain in detail about error detection codes. [8+8]

******
Code.No: 44032
R07 SET-2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH –II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS JANUARY- 2010
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(COMMON TO BME, ECC)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Draw the block diagram of Electrical Communication system & explain.
b) Find the PSD of the signal X(t) whose Autocorrelation function is
−aτ
RXX (τ ) = 1 + e [8+8]

2. Explain about the power savings in;

a) DSB – SC
b) SSB – SC [8+8]

3. A carrier is FM modulated by a sinusoidal modulation signal of frequency 2kHz

resulting is a frequency deviation of 5kHz.
a) What is the Bandwidth occupied by the modulated waveform.
b) If the amplitude of the modulating signal is increased by a factor of 2 and
its frequency to 1kHz, what is the new Bandwidth. [8+8]

4.a) Explain the method of generation of PAM & demodulation.

b) Draw the PAM, PWM & PPM waveforms for a sinusoidal modulating signal &
carrier. [8+8]

5.a) An audio signal em(t) =3cos (1000 π t ) is quantized using PCM. Find the
signal-to-quantization noise ratio assuming the sampling rate to be 8000
samples/sec.
b) Repeat the above problem for, delta modulation. Compare and the contrast the
result obtained. [8+8]

6.a) Explain with a block diagram about the QPSK Receiver?

b) Explain with waveform the modulation through QPSK? [8+8]

7.a) Apply Shannon – Fano coding procedure for the following message.
[ X ] = [ x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 ]
[ P ] = ⎡⎣ 1 4
8
1
1 1
16 16 16
1 1
4
1
16
1 ⎤
8⎦
b) State & explain Shannon Harltey Theorem. [8+8]
8.a) Explain in detail about error correction codes.
b) Consider a (7, 4) block code generated by
⎡1 0 0 0 : 1 1 0 ⎤
⎢0 1 0 0 : 0 1 1 ⎥
G=⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 1 0 : 1 0 1 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 0 1 : 1 1 1 ⎦
I4 : P
Explain how the error syndrome S helps in correcting a single error. What
happens when more than one error occurs? [8+8]

******
Code.No: 44032
R07 SET-3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH –II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS JANUARY- 2010
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(COMMON TO BME, ECC)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain in detail different types of signals used in Radio communication.

b) Find the Autocorrelation of the following signal whose PSD is
4
S XX (ω ) =
( )
[8+8]
1+ ω
2

2.a) Explain ring modulation technique of generation of DSB – SC

b) Explain balanced modulation technique in detail. [8+8]

3. An angle modulated signals is defined by

s(t) = 10 cos ⎡⎣ 2π × 106 t + 0.2sin 2000π t ⎤⎦ volts Find the following
a) The power in the modulated signal
b) The frequency deviation ∆ f
c) Phase deviation ∆θ
d) The approximate transmission bandwidth. [16]

4.a) Draw the block diagram of EDM & explain.

b) Explain the generation of PWH using 555 timer. [8+8]

5.a) Explain about the delta modulation receiver?

b) Compare the delta modulation with adaptive delta modulation? [8+8]

6.a) Explain with a block diagram about QPSK transmitter?

b) Explain with waveform the synchronization circuit of QPSK detection. [8+8]

7.a) A Gaussian Channel has 1MHZ bandwidth. Calculate the channel capacity if the
signal power to noise spectral density ratio i.e., S/η is 105 Hz. Also find the
maximum information rate.
b) Derive the condition for Maximum entropy and its value for a binary system.
[8+8]

8.a) The generator polynomial of (6, 3) cyclic code is g(x) = 1+x2 . Find all the code
words.
b) Explain in detail about convolutional codes. [8+8]

******
Code.No: 44032
R07 SET-4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH –II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS JANUARY- 2010
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(COMMON TO BME, ECC)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Convolve the following signals in time domain.

b) Draw the block diagram of electrical communication system and explain. [8+8]

2.a) Explain ring modulation for DBS – SC (Generation)

b) Explain coherent detection in DSB-SCsignals. [8+8]

3. The carrier c(t) = 100cos (2π ft ) is frequency modulated by the signal

m(t) = 5 cos (20,000) π t where f1 = 108Hz. The peak frequency deviation is
20kHz. Determine the amplitude and frequency of all signals component that have
a power level of at least 10% of the power of the unmodulated carrier component.
[16]

4.a) Draw the block diagram of TDM and explain.

b) Explain how PPM is generated from PWM. [8+8]

5. A DM system is deigned to operate at 3times the Nyquist rate for a signal

with a 3KHz BW. The quantizing slop size is 250 mV.
a) Determine the maximum amplitude of a 1kHz input sinusoid for which the
delta modulator does not show slope overload.
b) Determine the post filter output signal to quantizing noise ratio for the
signal of part (a ) [8+8]

6. Sketch the following waveforms for the bit sequence 1010110110

a) PSK
b) FSK
c) ASK [16]
7.a) A continuous signal is band limited to 5KHz. The signal is quantized in 8 levels
of a PCM system with probabilities 0.25, 0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.05.
Calculate the entropy and the rate of information.
b) Explain the procedure for Huffman coding with an example. [8+8]

8.a) Give the desired properties of a source code. Distinguish between irreducible and
separable codes.
b) Design a block code with minimum distance of three and message block size of
eight bits. [8+8]

******