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Breakthrough
curve
is also
called
recovery
curve,
tracer
A graph that plot of the concentration profile of adsorbate in the fluid phase as a
function of distance along the adsorbent bed. It is difficult to follow the progress
of mass transfer zone inside a column packed with adsorbent due to it is difficult
to make meaningful measurements of parameters other than temperature.
Breakthrough is not occurring when measuring the concentration of adsorbate in
the fluid as it leaves the fixed bed which is not undesirable.
Upstream of the profile also known as mass transfer wave, the adsorbent is
saturated (in equilibrium) with the adsorbate when it is spent. Downstream of
the profile, the adsorbent is still adsorbate-free. The leading point of the wave is
zero if the adsorbent is initially completely free from the adsorbate. The tail end
of the wave is at CF (the feed solute concentration in the feed) at the entrance of
the bed.
At the t1, no part of the bed is saturated. From t 1 to t2, the wave had moved down
the bed. Then at time t2, the bed is almost saturated for a distance L s, but is still
clean at LF. Little adsorption occurs beyond L F at time t2, and the adsorbent is still
unused. The MASS TRANSFER ZONE where adsorption takes place is the region
between LS and LF. The concentration of the adsorbate on the adsorbent is
related to the adsorbate concentration in the feed by the thermodynamic
equilibrium. Because it is difficult to determine where MASS TRANSFER ZONE
begins and ends, LF can be taken where C/CF = 0.05, with LS at C/CF = 0.95.
At time tB, the wave has moved through the bed, with the leading point of the
mass transfer zone just reaches the end of the bed. This is known as
the breakthrough point. Rather than using C/CF = 0.05, the breakthrough
concentration
can
be
taken
as
the minimum
detectable
or
maximum
Prior to tB, the outlet solute concentration is less than the maximum allowable of
0.05. At tB, this value is reached, and the adsorption step should be discontinued.
If the adsorption step were to be continued for t > t B, the outlet solute
concentration will rise rapidly, eventually approaching the inlet concentration as
entire bed become saturated. The time required to each C out/CF = 0.95 is
designated tE.
The steepness of
the
breakthrough
curve
determines
the extent
to
which the capacity of an adsorbent bed can be utilised. Thus, the shape of the
curve is very important in determining the length of the adsorption bed. In actual
practice, the steepness of the concentration profiles shown previously can
increase or decrease, depending on the type of adsorption isotherm involved.
The favourable isotherm of the Langmuir or Freundlich type is showed that the
high concentration regions move faster than the low concentration regions, and
the wave front steepens with time until a constant pattern front is developed.
The bed length, bed void fraction, process gas flow rate and pellet diameter are
four of the more sensitive parameters. Bed length and process gas flow rate are
fixed by design, so it is our recommendation that the bed void fraction be
measured more accurately and minimized to increase the breakthrough time of
the column. A more accurate estimate of the bed void fraction would greatly
enhance the accuracy of our model. We also suggest that the pellet diameter be
minimized as much as allowable, avoiding a large pressure drop across the
purifier. Currently there is an assortment of pellet sizes in the adsorption
column, which diminishes the accuracy of that parameter as well.
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, prediction of the breakthrough performance of column
adsorption requires solution of appropriate mass transfer rate equation with
boundary conditions imposed by the differential fluid phase mass balance. For
systems which obey a Langmuir isotherm and for which the controlling resistance
to mass transfer is macropore or zeolitic diffusion, the set of non-linear equations
must be solved numerically. Solutions have been obtained for saturation and
regeneration of adsorption columns. Predicted breakthrough curve are compared
with experimental data for sorption of type A
zeolite
and
the
model
Processes
Visualization.
in
Connected
Conductivity
Delineation
Structures:
and
Simulation,
Application:
http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/29584/52872563.pdf?
sequence=1
2. Garg, D.R. & Ruthen, D.M. 1973. Theoritical Prediction of Breakthrough Curve
for Molecular Sieve Adsorption Columns. Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N. B., Canada
3.
Zeinali,
F.,
Ghoreyshi,
A.A.
&
Najafpour,
G.D.
2010.
Adsorption
of