THE TEACHERS ROLE, STUDENTS ROLE, CONTENT ORGANISATION,

DELIVERY AND ASSESSMENT IN LEARNER-CENTRED TEACHING

Introductions.
Learner-centred classroom is a learning strategies which is used replace the lectures in the
class with opportunities to develop and study materials outside the class using video clips and
reading materials. In the learner-centred model, teachers shift direct learning out of a large
group learning space and move it into the individual learning space. Many teachers start to
apply this model by using these readily available materials and enable the students to come to
class to be better prepared. This teaching and learning strategy had been compared to online,
blends and distance learning. Lectures and other activities are augmented by group discussion
or facilitating collaboration and peer instruction. Some have argued that the student-centred
instruction and engaged, active learning made possible in a flipped classroom represents what
should already be occur in classrooms. It does not eliminate the teachers of direct instruction.
Flipping the classrooms provides more time to address the needs of individual students.
Students have to spend working with one another. Teachers who want to use the Socratic
Method believe that flipped classrooms sacrifices actual instruction in order to increase
opportunities for students collaboration and activities generated and led by students.

History of Learner Centred Teaching Strategies

This learning strategies comes from Community of Enquiry which forwarded by Dewey in
end of the 19Th century. The pedagogical said as, the child should be stimulated and controlled
in his work through life of the community. He believed that under existing conditions far too
much of the stimulus and controls proceed from the teacher, because of neglect of ideas of the
school. This pedagogical also said that, the teacher is not in the school to impose certain ideas
but is there as a member of the community to select the influences which shall affect the child
and to assist him in properly responding to these influences.
Started 2000, University Wisconsin-Madison use the e-teach to replace the science computer
lectures with the standardised videos and slide produced by the lecturers. By 2001, the
university build two centres which focussed on flipped and blended learning.

The Strength of Learner Centred Teaching Strategies.

This strategy gives opportunities to discuss and collaborate with friends. It also gives instant
feedback for teachers and friends. Multi-purpose learning materials suit the students learning
style and format. Teachers can allocate more time to interact with students and give more
opportunities to verbal and visual students. Teachers also may suit themselves more easier
towards multi learning strategies. Students may reflect to their learning and list out matters
that confused them. Therefore, students may enhance their ICT skills which may enable them
through computer-based learning.

The Weaknesses of Learner Centred Strategies.

A few students might not co-operate in group, they prefer to study alone. Not all students have
the internet access to allow them to surf for online information. When they need to view
videos or others online information, they need the internet access and a komputer.
Furthermore, group discussion needs effective observation from teachers. Students centred
learning strategies may only be worked for school that have fully-supported facilities.

Steps to Learner Centred Learning Strategies

Students are given topics to surf before lesson being conducted. They have to find information
and view the video lesson uploaded by teacher or somebody else. Students are to be divided
into groups and they discuss about the topic in the group. Teachers role is as facilitator or
motivator to arouse students to give opinions and ideas. Teacher will ask a few questions to be
answered orally by the students. Teacher organised a test and students should be able to
achieve targeted objectives.

Teachers Role
Teachers play the role as educators, facilitators and motivators in a student-centred learning
class. They arouse students to brainstorm ideas and collaborate with their group members. A
survey conducted by the Flipped Learning Network in 2012 found that teachers associate
flipped learning with improved student performance and attitudes, and increased job

satisfaction. 80% of teachers perceived an improvement in students attitudes towards

learning. Teachers believed that flipped classroom helped the students be more effective. A
majority of teachers said that students prefer this student centred learning and this stimulated
student creativity. Teachers have to conduct positive interaction among the students. Teacher
has to arouse students to be more constant. Teacher should be able to engage students in
critical thinking and elaborate a decision making while they are in a group discussion.
Teacher also enhanced students problem solving skills and take into account their interests,
strengths and weaknesses.

Teachers help students to understand the concept and theory of what they learnt. Teachers are
not going to lecture but to plan, organise, support and help students to gain knowledge and
experience through discussions and exploration. Teachers play the role as mentor and guide
the students to explore as many knowledge as they can. Technologies help teachers to flow
their lessons in a flipped classroom much easier than before, in conventional classes.

Students Role in a Student centred Learning.

Students need to participate actively during the interactions. They conveyed their knowledge,
ideas and opinions on topic discussed. Students explore through internet surfing to gain ideas
and knowledge on what they are asked to do before the lessons. During discussions, they
blend all ideas and opinion to get conclusions on topic discussed.

Students also participate in collaborative learning where they collaborate and elaborate ideas
and opinions on focussed topic. Students find a final solution or conclusion through
collaboration. Students conveyed their ideas and opinions in a group discussion. They give
ideas and get new ideas while discuss. This will enhance their knowledge and ideas on what
that being discussed.

Students also need to cooperate among group members. They play their role respectively and
combined the ideas as a whole and final it with new solutions, many ideas and better
conclusions. They applied problem based learning and solve problems in variety ways to find
final decisions.
Students have to be well-prepared, doing their revision and get ready with ideas and opinions
to a better discussion. Students who are well-prepared may help their group members to find a
better solutions, gain more ideas and comes out with many brilliant ideas.

Content Organisation
In a flipped classroom, students are given a topic, and they will find the information about the
topic. They surf the internet, did a lot of reading, use variety of reading materials to gain
knowledge and ideas on focussed topic. They might be asked to complete their interactive
learning before the class started. Students practice and apply the main concept through
responses. They discuss, giving ideas and opinions and combined it as a whole. They checked
their understanding regarding the topic discussed and complete the study to more complex
job.

Depends to the traditional classroom, students read reading materials before the lessons. They
listen to a lecture and rarely participate in a discussion. They usually listen to teachers
instruction and they finished their homework. Students might get bored and has less ideas on
topic discussed.

Delivery and Assessment.

While conveying lessons in a classroom, teachers should choose learner centred learning as
their teaching method and strategies. Teachers as the agent of change, should be able to
enhanced students ability to say out their ideas and opinions. Teachers build students selfconfidence to cooperate with others. Students are encourages to find their own ideas
interactively and conveyed their opinions in a group discussion.

Teachers should use variety of teaching methods to convey their learning outcomes.
Therefore, teachers have to make sure that students may understand the lessons and able to
transfer the knowledge they gain into their daily life. Students are what they learn from
teachers. Teachers have to arouse their ability of thinking, enhance their self-confidence and
able to give opinions on any matters.

Thus, teachers may organise the assessment easier as students had been taught to think
creatively and innovatively. Teachers should assess them based on their ability, means
assessment questions should be vary. Assessment also should be organised by skills and
should have a few level of difficulties. Students also should be assessed by organising project
work or problem solving based. Students will work in small group, they will be given a topic
or a problem. Within given time frame, they have to work it out. Students also may be
assessed by interactive assessment. Teachers may organise assessment that can be access
online. Students may finish their assessment within the time given.

Conclusion.
Flipped learning model can be one of a way to create a classroom environment that is learnercentred. It should be thought as a way to solve educational issues. Learner-centred learning
would provide activities in the classrooms that are action based, authentic, connected and
collaborative, innovative, high level and self-actualizing. As a conclusion, professional
educators said that, teachers should use the affordances of this model to become more
effective as teachers and students increase conceptual understanding.