Date Performed : Nov.

14, 2014
Group # : 2
Date Submitted : Nov. 24, 2014
Experiment No. 2
QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Objectives: At the end of this experiment you should be able to;
1.) To conduct qualitative tests for the detection of the predominant elements found in
organic compounds: Carbon, .Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulfur.

Results:

Table 2.1
Hydogen
Test Subs
tanc
e
Test CuO
for
the
prese
nce
of
Carb
on
and
Hydr
ogen

: Test for Carbon and

Treatment

Observat
ion

-Place
in
ignition tube
-Lime water
in bent glass
tube

-Lime
water
turned
yellow
in color
-White
precipita
te

Carbon and hydrogen are detected through qualitatively heating a mixture of the given substance
with dry copper (II) oxide in a glass tube. It follows the chemical equation,
C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

Glucose + CuO, then it was heated produces CO2 and water, for CO2 get trapped in lime water
that produces calcium carbonate and water.

The presence of carbon is indicated by the formation of white precipitate.

The presence of hydrogen is indicated by the formation of droplets of water in the cool end of the
tube.
Copper (II) oxide acts as a catalyst.

Table 2.2
Oxygen
Test Sub
stan
ce
Test for Ace
the tone
pres
ence of Hex
oxy ane
gen
etO
H

: Ferrox Paper Test for

Treat Observation
ment
-Deep
red
colored
Ferro solution
x
, Ferrox Paper
paper turned yellow
was -Colorless
added solution,
Ferrox paper
slightly
fade
color red
-Deep
red
color solution

Ker
osen
e

, Red ferrox
paper
-Colorless
solution, Red
Ferrox paper

Ferrox paper is prepared by soaking filter paper in ethanol containing equal amounts of ferric
chloride and ammonium thiocynate. FeCNS2, oxygen containing compound distributes itself
between the paper and your test compound-sodium oxide(obtain from the fusion of Na metal and
organic compounds. This results into a deep red colored solution.
In the presence of oxygen, a deep red color is distributed between the filter paper and the test
compound.
The test showed positive results for acetone and ethyl alcohol.

Table 2.3 : Soda Lime Test for Nitrogen

Test Sub Treatment
Observati
stan
on
ce
Test Urea -Added
-Nothing
for
solution
happened
the
-Heat
in -Pungent
pres
moderate
odor
enc
flame
-Red
e of
-Expose
to litmus
Nitr
vapor and wet paper

oge
n

red
litmus turned
paperblue
Colorless
solution

Nitrogen is usually detected through the formation of Prussian blue after the sodium fusion.
CO(NH2)2 + heat NH3 + CO2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
When heated with soda lime, urea decomposes and the nitrogen in the form of amino nitrogen (NH2) will liberate ammonia gas and it is responsible for the pungent odor.
Red litmus paper changes to blue.

Table 2.4 : Test for Halogens

Test
Substan Treatm Observation
ce
ent
Beilste Chloro -Cu
-From bronze
in test methan wire
color to gray
e
was
added,
heat in -Nothing
flame change

-Cooled
in
-Produced
Chloro color
bluemethan green flame
e
-Heat
again in
flame
Chloroform (CHCl3) an organic halogen compound imparts a green color flame when burned
upon the surface of a copper wire.
The copper oxide formed from the copper wire reacts with the halogens to form the cuprous
halide, which burns with a green flame.
Chlorine is the compound responsible for turning the flame green.

Table 2.5 : Test for Sulfur

Test Sub Treatment
stan
ce
Test Alb -5 drops of
for
umi 10% NaOH

Observ
ations
Precipit

the
n
prese
nce
of
sulfur

was added
-2 drops of
5%
Pb(C2H3O2)2

ate
wasn't
formed
-The
color of
solutio
n
change
d
to
black

The presence of sulfur is detected through by the production of brownish-black lead sulfide
when albumin is treated with lead acetate in the presence of acetic acid.
Acetic acid prevents the formation of other insoluble lead salts.
The production of brownish-black precipitate is due the presence of cysteine the amino acid
part of albumin.
Albumin is primarily a protein, and reaction with enough caustic theoretically could hydrolize
the protein peptide bonds so that we are left with the constituent amino acids, in the form of
sodium carboylate salts. However, proteins are usually hydrolized with acids such as HCl, which
would leave the amino acids in the form of ammonium chloride salts.

Questions:
1. What chemical reactions are involved in the test for C and H?
C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O
2. What is the precipitate formed in the test for C & H?
C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3(s) + H2O

3. What chemical reactions are involved in the soda lime test?

CO(NH2)2 + Heat NH3 + CO2
Combustion
4. What compounds are responsible for the results in the ff:
A. Beilstein test
Chloromethane
B. AgNO3 test
C. Lead (II) acetate test
Albumin
Pb(C2H3O2)2
C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O
5. Write the structural formula of acetone, hexane, ETOH, and the major compounds of kerosene.