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  • The Impact of Teleconnection-Driven Patterns On Long-Range Transport Into Southern California

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    Marilyn B. Jones, University of Missouri Long-range transport of pollution from East Asia has been known to affect air quality over the United States. Whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) to investigate the role of teleconnection-driven patterns on Southern California air quality. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the samples for volatile organic compounds in the Rowland-Blake lab at UC Irvine. Back trajectories were calculated for the samples collected to identify air masses that had originated from East Asia, and these were then categorized into two bins: "East Asia" and "Non-East Asia". Selected samples were analyzed for four gases known to have sources in East Asia to compare SARP samples from 2013, 2014, and 2015. It was seen that 2015 was an anomalous year that had less pollution from East Asia, whereas 2013 and 2014 had a more significant East Asian influence. Monthly averages were computed for zonal wind anomalies at 300 hPa (~30,000 ft). The results showed that the wind pattern in 2015 was not conducive for trans-Pacific transport into Southern California, especially when compared to 2013 and 2014. The anomalous wind pattern during June 2015 might be the result of a strengthening El Niño, the Pacific “warm blob”, or an interaction between the two. Having a better knowledge of large-scale circulation patterns is crucial to understanding how much pollution the United States could receive and from where it emerges, which could inform global pollution policies.

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    The Impact of Teleconnection-Driven Patterns on Long-Range Transport into Southern California

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    Marilyn B. Jones, University of Missouri Long-range transport of pollution from East Asia has been known to affect air quality over the United States. Whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) to investigate the role of teleconnection-driven patterns on Southern California air quality. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the samples for volatile organic compounds in the Rowland-Blake lab at UC Irvine. Back trajectories were calculated for the samples collected to identify air masses that had originated from East Asia, and these were then categorized into two bins: "East Asia" and "Non-East Asia". Selected samples were analyzed for four gases known to have sources in East Asia to compare SARP samples from 2013, 2014, and 2015. It was seen that 2015 was an anomalous year that had less pollution from East Asia, whereas 2013 and 2014 had a more significant East Asian influence. Monthly averages were computed for zonal wind anomalies at 300 hPa (~30,000 ft). The results showed that the wind pattern in 2015 was not conducive for trans-Pacific transport into Southern California, especially when compared to 2013 and 2014. The anomalous wind pattern during June 2015 might be the result of a strengthening El Niño, the Pacific “warm blob”, or an interaction between the two. Having a better knowledge of large-scale circulation patterns is crucial to understanding how much pollution the United States could receive and from where it emerges, which could inform global pollution policies.

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    187 просмотров22 страницы

    The Impact of Teleconnection-Driven Patterns On Long-Range Transport Into Southern California

    Загружено:

    jpeterson1
    Marilyn B. Jones, University of Missouri Long-range transport of pollution from East Asia has been known to affect air quality over the United States. Whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) to investigate the role of teleconnection-driven patterns on Southern California air quality. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the samples for volatile organic compounds in the Rowland-Blake lab at UC Irvine. Back trajectories were calculated for the samples collected to identify air masses that had originated from East Asia, and these were then categorized into two bins: "East Asia" and "Non-East Asia". Selected samples were analyzed for four gases known to have sources in East Asia to compare SARP samples from 2013, 2014, and 2015. It was seen that 2015 was an anomalous year that had less pollution from East Asia, whereas 2013 and 2014 had a more significant East Asian influence. Monthly averages were computed for zonal wind anomalies at 300 hPa (~30,000 ft). The results showed that the wind pattern in 2015 was not conducive for trans-Pacific transport into Southern California, especially when compared to 2013 and 2014. The anomalous wind pattern during June 2015 might be the result of a strengthening El Niño, the Pacific “warm blob”, or an interaction between the two. Having a better knowledge of large-scale circulation patterns is crucial to understanding how much pollution the United States could receive and from where it emerges, which could inform global pollution policies.

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    из 22

    The

    Impact of Teleconnnec/on Driven


    Pa5erns on Long-Range Transport into
    Southern California
    Marilyn B. Jones1, Jason
    R. Schroeder2, Nicholas

    K. Heath3, Sean W. Freeman4, Donald R. Blake2


    1. University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
    2. University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA
    3. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
    4. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

    What are teleconnec/on driven


    pa5erns?
    Large-scale circulaOon paQerns
    Covers an immense geographical area
    El Nio Southern OscillaOon

    hQps://www.ipcc.ch/publicaOons_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/gure-3-26.html

    East Asias pollu/on impacts the


    United States
    Asian emissions could contribute 20 percent
    of total ozone over the western U.S.

    PolluOon damages our health, plants and


    animals

    Impact of large-scale circulaOon


    paQerns on polluOon

    MulO-year data

    Lin 2010
    hQp://www.nap.edu/catalog/12743/global-sources-of-local-polluOon-an-assessment-of-long-range

    Sample Collec/ng

    Back
    trajectories
    applied to all
    samples

    Above
    15,000`

    East Asia
    Inuenced

    Non-East
    Asia
    Inuenced

    Below
    15,000`

    Chloroform-CHCl3
    Mixing RaOo (ppt)

    East Asian Inuence


    Non-East Asian Inuence

    n=34

    n=21

    SARP Years

    n=8

    Tetrachloroethylene-C2Cl4
    Mixing RaOo (ppt)

    East Asian Inuence


    Non-East Asian Inuence

    n=34

    n=21

    SARP Years

    n=8

    Methyl Chloride-CH3Cl
    Mixing RaOo (ppt)

    East Asian Inuence


    Non-East Asian Inuence

    n=34

    n=21

    SARP Years

    n=8

    Example of 2013 Trajectory

    Example of 2014 Trajectory

    Example of 2015 Trajectory

    Ver/cal Prole of Chloroform


    30000

    Al/tude (feet)

    25000
    20000
    15000
    10000
    5000
    0
    0

    Flight 4 -Over Santa


    Barbara Channel

    10

    15

    Mixing Ra/o (ppt)

    20

    25

    Back Trajectory of Santa Barbara Can

    hQp://ready.arl.noaa.gov/hypub-bin/trajresults.pl?jobidno=145042

    2013 Zonal Wind Anomaly

    hQp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/

    2014 Zonal Wind Anomaly

    hQp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/

    2015 Zonal Wind Anomaly

    hQp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/

    Possible Explana/ons
    El Nio

    Pacic Warm Blob

    hQp://www.seaQleOmes.com/
    hQp://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/20150305-noaa-advisory-elnino-arrives.html

    Conclusion
    El Nio or the Pacic Warm Blob could be
    the main driver of this circulaOon dierence
    happening this year
    The two of these together could be blocking high
    amounts of polluOon coming to
    Southern California or bringing
    it from dierent sources.

    hQp://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/factsheets/air/en.pdf

    Future Studies
    How El Nio or the Pacic Warm Blob are
    impacOng long-range transport of polluOon
    This could aect global polluOon policies
    between East Asia and the United States

    Acknowledgements

    Dr. Jason Schroder


    Professor Don Blake
    Nicholas Heath
    Sean Freeman
    WAS Group
    Dr. Emily Schaller
    Rick SheQer
    Rowland-Blake Lab
    SARP 2015
    DC-8 Flight Crew
    NSERC
    UND

    References

    Global Sources of Local PolluOon: An Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key


    Air Pollutants to and from the United States." Global Sources of Local Pollu0on: An
    Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key Air Pollutants to and from the United
    States. 2009. Web. 1 Aug. 2015.
    Kalnay, E. and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 40-year Project. Bull.
    Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    "Climate PredicOon Center - TeleconnecOon IntroducOon." Climate Predic0on
    Center - Teleconnec0on Introduc0on. NOAA Center for Weather and Climate
    PredicOon, 8 May 2008. Web. 1 Aug. 2015.
    "Climate PredicOon Center - TeleconnecOon IntroducOon." Climate Predic0on
    Center - Teleconnec0on Introduc0on. NOAA Center for Weather and Climate
    PredicOon, 8 May 2008. Web. 1 Aug. 2015.
    Doughton, Sandi. "Warm 'blob' o Our Coast May Explain Weird Weather." The
    SeaCle Times. The SeaQle Time Company, 10 Apr. 2015. Web. 3 Aug. 2015.
    "Elusive El Nino Arrives." NOAA: Elusive El Nio Arrives. NaOonal Oceanic and
    Atmospheric AdministraOon, 5 Mar. 2015. Web. 3 Aug. 2015.

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