TimelineofAstronomyDevelopmentonMaunakea

DraftedbyE.KalaniFlores

1848: the Mahele Act of 1848, during the reign of Kamehameha III, designated the ahupuaa of Kaohe as
Government landsoftheKingdomofHawaii,Kaohe,withinthemoku(district)ofHamakua,encompassesmostof
Maunakea including the summit. Whereas, the ahupuaa of Humuula, within the moku (district) of Hilo, was
designatedasCrownLandsthatincludespartoftheeasternflankofMaunakea.

1964:TheStateofHawaiIbuiltaroadtohesummitofMaunakea.ThepubliclandsofMaunakea,administeredby
theStateDepartmentofLand&NaturalResources(DLNR)asdirectedbytheBLNR(BoardofLand&Natural
Resources),aresubjecttotheConservationDistrictrulesandpermitsconditionswhichmustmeettheestablished
eightcriteria.

1968: BLNRissuesagenerallease(S4191)toUHthatexpiresattheendof2033for11,288acresabovethe12,000
ft.elevationencompassingtheMaunakeaScienceReservetobuildoneobservatoryonMaunakea.

1977:ThreeUHtelescope,builtwithoutpermits,wereissuedafterthefactpermitsbyBLNR.

19831985: Maunakea Complex Development Plan prepared andapprovedbyBLNRin1985. Thisplanallowedup

tothirteen(13)telescopesbytheyear2000.

1986: BLNRissuedagenerallease(S5529)toUHthatexpiresin2041fora19.3acreparcelforthefacilitiesatHale
Pohaku.

1998: Hawaii State Auditor released a critical report documenting 30 years of mismanagement of Maunakea by
DLNR/BLNRandUH.

2000: The 2000 Mauna Kea Science Reserve Master Plan was developed by UH that excluded any limit on
telescopes.

2003: UHInstituteforAstronomy(UHIFA)appliedforaCDUPfortheKeckOutriggerTelescopes. U.S.DistrictCourt

(Judge Susan Mollway) finds NASAs EA for the Keck Outrigger Project to be inadequate for failure to adequately
addresscumulativeimpacts.Alengthycontestedcasehearingensued.

2004: NASA announced it would prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the Keck Outrigger
Telescopes. The contested casehearingconcluded. BLNRissuedaCDUPfortheKeckOutriggerTelescopeProject,
allowing additional astronomy development to proceed without acomprehensivemanagementplan. Community
membersandgroupsappealedthisdecisiontotheStateThirdCircuitCourt.

2005: A courtordered EIS concluded the cumulative impact for 30 years of astronomy activity has caused
significant,substantialandadverseimpacts.

2006: NASA withdrew funding for the Keck Outrigger Telescopes project. The State Third Circuit Court (Judge
Glenn Hara) found that a comprehensive managementplanisrequiredbeforefurtherastronomydevelopmenton
Mauna Kea and reverses CDUP granted for the Keck Outrigger Telescopes Project. UHIFA appealed Judge Haras
decision.

2007: UHIFA withdrew appeal of the Third Circuit Courtrulingandbegantheprocessofcreatingacomprehensive

managementplanforMaunaKea.

2009: BLNR approved UHs Comprehensive Management Plan for Mauna Kea, a development plan which paved
the way for unlimited number of new telescopes and support structures. Longtime advocates requested for a
contested case hearing. BLNR denied their standing, on the basis of no propertyno say. The group went to
courtonappeal.

2012 (Jan 25): ICA denied Mauna Kea Huis challenge to UHs CMP, concluding nopublichearingwasrequiredon
theCMPasamanagementplanproposedindependentofanyproposedlanduse.

ConservationdistrictUsePermit(CDUP)fortheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT)project

2010 (May 10): The TMT EIS stated this project would contribute further to the cumulative impact on cultural,
archaeological,andgeologicresourcesatalevelconsideredsubstantial,significant,andadverse.

2010(Sept.2):UHfiledanapplicationforaDCUPfortheTMTprojcect.

2011 (Feb 25): BLNR voted to grant the TMT CDUP and also voted to hold a contested case. Petitions for a
contested case on the TMTCDUP were filed by Kealoha Pisciotta ofMaunaKeaAnainaHou,PaulNeves,Clarence
Kukauakahi Ching, Deborah J. Ward, KAHEA: The HawaiianEnvironmental Alliance, and FloresCase Ohana
[collectivelyreferredtoastheMaunaKeaHui].

2011(AugSept):AcontestedcasehearingwasheldonTMTCDUP.

2012(Nov30):HearingofficerissuedhisreporttoaffirmBLNRsdecisiontoapproveTMTCDUP.

2012(Dec13):OralargumentsdeliveredbeforeBLNRonthecontestedcaseinHilo.

2013 (April 12): BLNR issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and decisionandorderinsupportoftheTMT
CDUP.

2013 (May 13): Mauna Kea Hui appealed BLNRs decision to approve the TMT CDUP in the Third Circuit Court
baseduponviolationsofHawaiiStateandU.S.constitutionalandstatutoryprovisions.

2014(May5):ThirdCircuitCour(JudgeGregNakamura)affirmedBLNRsapprovaloftheTMTCDUP.

2013: Mauna KeaHuiappealedtheThirdCircuitCourtsrulingontheTMTCDUPwiththeStateIntermediateCourt

ofAppeals(ICA).

MaunaKeaGeneralLeasesandTMTSublease

2013 (Dec 13): BLNR deferred action on UHs proposed issuance of new 65year generalleasefortheMaunaKea
ScienceReserveandHalePohakuMidLevelFacilitiespendingcompletionofanEIS.

2014 (Jun 13) Mauna Kea Hui members and others, including the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) requested a
contestedcasehearingonUHsproposedsubleaseofMaunaKealandstotheTMTInternationalObservatoryLLC.

2014 (Jun 27): BLNR denied all contested case hearing requests for the proposed newgeneralleases. Also,BLNR
approvedtheTMTsubleasependingdispositionofpetitionsforacontestedcasehearing.

2014 (Jul 25): BLNR denied all contested case hearing requests for the TMT sublease and accepted OHAs
withdrawloftheirpreviousrequestforacontestedcasehearing.

2014 (Aug 25): Mauna kea Hui petitioners, Kealoha Pisciott, Paul Neves, Clarence Ching, andE.KalaniFloresfiled
two separate appeals pertaining toBLNRsapprovalofUHssubleaseofMaunaKealandstotheTMTInternational
ObservatoryLLCbaseduponviolationsofHawaiiStateandU.S.constitutionalandstatutoryprovisions.

2015 (Jan 9): UH filed an Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice (EISPN) concerning its proposal to
acquirenew65yeargeneralleasesfortheMaunaKeaScienceReserveandHalePohakuMidLevelFacilities.

ConstructionActivitiesatproposedTMTsite

2013 (AugSep): BLNR Chairallowedgrading,excavation,anddrillingforgeotechnicaltestingatproposedTMTsite

priortoBLNRsconsenttotheTMTsublease.

2014(Sept):GroundworkandgradingdoneatproposedTMTsiteforplannedgrounbreakingevent.

2014(Oct7):TMTgroundbreakingeventdisruptedandultimatelystopedbyMaunakeaprotectors.

2015 (Mar): TMT contractors attempt to begin groundwork, grading and excavation at the proposed TMT site
despitelegalappealsoftheTMTCDUPandsubleasestillpendingincourt.

2015 (Apr 2): Hundreds of Mauna Kea protectors blocked road to construction workers accessing the proposed
TMT site resulting in31arrests. Thousandsmorethroughouttheworldshowedtheirsupportfortheprotectionof
MaunaKea.

2015 (Apr 20): Mauna Kea petition surpassed 53,000 signatures and was delivered to Hawaii State Govergnor
DavidIgerequestingahalttofurtherTMTconstructionandarrestsofMaunaKeaprotectors.

2015 (Apr 30) OHA Board of Trustees voted to rescind their 2009 resolution that previously support the TMT
project.