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Altair (Aquila)
Apparent
Mgn(s).
Spectral Class
0.77
A7 V (White, Main
Sequence
Absolu
te
Mgn(s)
.
2.20
Light Yrs.
Right
Ascension
Declination
Surface
Temperatur
e
16.73 0.05
+08 52 05.95
63
6,900 8,500 K
Solar/Stellar
Masses
1.79
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RMATINET
Capella
(Auriga)
0.91
0.40
42.2 0.5
+45 59 52.76
8
4,940 50 K,
5,700 100 K
Arcturus
(Botes)
0.04
0.29
36.7 0.3
4,290 43 K
Sirius (Canis
Major)
1.46
A1 V (White, Main
Sequence)
1. 33
2.69 0.06A/2.
56 0.04B
INCLUDEPICTUR
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MERGEFORMATI
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1.10 0.06
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
8.60 0.04
16 42 58.01
7
9,940 K
2.02A/.978B
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Procyon (Canis
Minor)
0.74
F5 IVV (Yellow-White,
Subgiant)
2.8
11.46 0.05
+05 13 29.95
52
6,530 50 K
1.42
0.04A/0.602
0.015B
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Proxima
Centauri
(Centaurus)
1.33
G2 V (Yellow, Main
Sequence)
4.38
5.71
4.366
0.007
62 40 46.14
1
3,042 117 K
Mira (Cetus)
3.04
2.5
+4.7
Approx.
300
02 58 39.495
6
2,918 3,192 K
Deneb
(Cygnus)
1.25
A2 Ia (White, Luminous
Supergiant)
7.00
Approx.
1400
+45 16 49
8,525 K
0.123 0.006
INCLUDEP
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
1.18
INCLUDEP
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
~20
INCLUDEP
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RMATINET
Castor, Pollux
(Gemini)
1.58, 1.14
0.58,
1.08
49.8 0.8,
33.78 0.09
10,286 K
2.76A/2.98B
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RMATINET
; 2.04 0.3
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Gliese 581
(Libra)
Regulus (Leo)
10.5610.58
M3 V (Red, Main
Sequence)
11.6
20.3 0.3
07 43 20.20
9
4,666 95 K
1.38
B7 V (Blue-White, Main
0.52
77 1
+11 58 02
12,460 200 K
0.31
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
3.8
INCLUDEP
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Sequence)
Vega (Lyra)
Betelgeuse,
Rigel (Orion)
0.03
A0 V (White, Main
Sequence)
0.58
25.04 0.07
+38 47 01.28
02
9602 180 K
0.42, 0.12
M2 Ia (Red, Luminous
Supergiant), B8 Iae
(Blue-White, Luminous
Supergiant)
6.05,
7.84
0.2
643 146,
860 80
+07 24 25.42
6,
08 12 05.89
81
3,500 K; 12,130
K
2.135 0.074
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RMATINET
~1819
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RMATINET
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Algol (Perseus)
2.12
B8 V (Blue-White, Main
Sequence)
0.15
93 2
+40 57 20.33
2
9,200/4,500/8,500
K
Antares
(Scorpius)
0.96
5.28
Approx.
550
26 25 55
3400 200 K
Aldebaran
(Taurus)
0.750.95
K5 III (Orange,
Normal Giant)
0.63
65 1
+16 30 33.49
3,910 K
1.97
F7 Ib (Yellow-White,
Less Luminous
Supergiant)
3.63
0.14
433 6
+89 15 50.8
7,200 K
Polaris (Ursa
Minor)
3.59/0.79/1.67
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
12.4A/10B
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
1.7
INCLUDEP
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
7.54 0.6
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RMATINET
Mizar, Alcor
(Ursa Major)
2.23, 2.23
A2 V (White, Main
Sequence), A2 V
(White, Main
Sequence)
0.33,
0.33
82.8 0.6,
82.8 0.6
+54 55 31
9,600 K; 8,000
K
7.7
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RMATINET
; 2.2
INCLUDEP
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MERGEFO
RMATINET
Spica (Virgo)
1.04
B1 III-IV (Blue-White,
Normal Giant)
3.55
260 20
Spectroscopic
ParallaxUsed for
determining distance
to stars. To apply
method, one must
measure apparent
magnitude and know
spectral type of star.
Method limited to
10000 parsecs. d =
11 09 40.75
9
18,500 K
10.25 0.68
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RMATINET
3,600o1 arcsecond
1
/60o1 arcminute
1 parsec3.262 ly31
trillion km, ~19 trillion
mi., 18,319,376,145,600 mi
1 AU
4.85106 pc;149,597,8
70.7 km
Light Year
5,869,713,600,000 mi
Ia Most Luminous
Fuel of Stars (H, He700000y)
Supergiants
[C600y, O6mon, N*, Ne1y, Na*, Mg*,
Ib Less Luminous
*
*
*
*
*
*
Si1day, S , Ar , Ca , Ni , Cr , Cu , Fe] Supergiants
II Luminous Giants
Sun classified as yellow dwarf; G2 V
III Normal Giants
star, main sequence
IV Subgiants
V Main Sq. +Dwarfs
VI Subdwarfs
VII White Dwarfs
0 hotter, 9 cooler
Will become Mira variable after 5
billion years.
Hubble Sequence Ellipticals (E0,
E3, E5, E7, S0), Spirals (Sa, Sb, Sc),
Barred Spirals (SBa, SBb, SBc)
Spiral arms become wider,
unpredictably brightening
dramatically for a few minutes. Flare
stars flare because of magnetic
reconnections* in the atmosphere of
the stars.
W Virginis CepheidsIntrinsically less luminous by 1.5-2 mag. than Type I
Classical Cepheids, W Virginis Cepheids have typical periods of 12-30 days.
As they older stars than Type I spectra characterized by having lower
metallicities. Type II light curves show characteristic bump on decline side,
have amplitude range of 0.3-1.2 mag.
Spectral
Class
O
Intrinsic Color
Temperatu
re (K)
Blue
41000
Blue
31000
Blue-white
9500
White
7240
Yellowwhite
5920
Orange
5300
Red
3850
Prominent
Absorption/Spectral Lines
He+, O++, N++, Si++, He,
H/Ionized He
He, H, O+, C+, N+, Si+/He, some
H
H (strongest), Ca+, Mg+,
Fe+/Strong H, some ionized
metals
H(weaker), Ca+, ionized
metals/H, ionized Ca, Fe
H(weaker), Ca+, ionized &
neutral metal/Neutral & ionized
metals, esp. Ca; strong G band
Ca+(strongest), neutral metals
strong,
H(weak)/Neutral
metals,
Mira
Variable
Light Curve
Na
Strong neutral atoms, TiO/Strong
titanium oxide, very strong
sodium
Hydrostatic equilibriumGravity
compression is balanced by pressure
outward.
Thermal equilibriumIf energy is flowing
outward faster than it is being generated,
then the interior is cooling; this lowers the
gas pressure, and the star will shrink. But
as the star shrinks, the density will
increase and the release of gravitational