Name _______________________________________________________ Date ________________

Chapter 4
Student Version
Chapter 4 Objectives:

Configure a router to route between multiple directly connected networks

Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding
decisions in a small to medium-sized business network.
Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers
when switching packets between interfaces
Compare ways in which a router builds a routing table when operating in a
small to medium-sized business network.
Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks.
Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks.

Required Materials:
Reading Organizer
Packet Tracer Activities: 4.1.1.8
4.1.2.9
4.1.3.5
4.1.4.5

Using Traceroute to Discover the Network

Documenting the Network Instructions
Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 Interfaces Instructions
Configuring and Verifying a Small Network
Instructions
4.3.2.5 - Investigating Directly Connected Routes

Labs:

4.0.1.2 - Do We Really Need a Map?

4.1.1.9 - Mapping the Internet
4.1.4.6 Configuring Basic Router Settings with IOS CLI
4.1.4.7 Configuring Basic Router Settings with CCP
4.4.1.1 - We Really Could Use a Map!

Chapter Test

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Points__________ /
___213___

Name__________________________________________________________ Date
________________

Chapter 4
Reading Organizer
Student Version
Note: the Reading Organizer has weighted scoring. Any question with the word
explain or define in it is expected to have a longer answer and is worth two
points each.
After completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

Configure a router to route between multiple directly connected networks

Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions in
a small to medium-sized business network.
Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when
switching packets between interfaces
Compare ways in which a router builds a routing table when operating in a small to
medium-sized business network.
Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks.
Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks.

4.0 Routing Concepts

1. When the source IP and destination IP addresses are on different networks, what
device is required to deliver the Ethernet frame?

4.1 Initial Configuration of a Router

2. Define the following terms:
a. Physical topology

b. Logical topology

c. Speed
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d. Cost

e. Security

f. Availability

g. Scalability

h. Reliability

3. Communication between networks would not be possible without a

_________________________ determining the best path to the destination and
forwarding traffic to the next router along that path.

4. Explain the four different types of router memory, the volatility, and examples of
what is stored in each.
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a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

d. _________________________________ -

5. Label the router components.

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6. A router receives an IP packet on one interface. What happens next?

7. The primary functions of a router are to:

a.
b.
8. What does a router use to determine the best path to use to forward a packet?

9. Explain in excruciating detail what happens when a router receives a packet.

10. Routers support three packet-forwarding mechanisms. List and fully explain
each.
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a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

11. Match the following router memory types with the correct functions.
IOS and System Files
Running Configuration

NVRAM
Flash

Startup Configuration

ROM

Diagnostics and Boot Instructions

RAM

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12. To enable network access, devices must be configured with IP address

information. List and define the three components that are necessary to connect
to a network.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

13. What happens when a host sends a packet to a device that is on the same IP
network?

14. What happens when a host sends a packet to a device on a different IP

network?

15. Where is the default gateway usually located?

16. What is the Gateway of Last Resort?

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17. When designing a new network or mapping an existing network, what should
the documentation identify?
a.
b.
c.
d.
18. Two useful network documents are listed below explain what each document
should include.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

19. A host can be assigned IP address information two ways. List and explain each.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

20. Most network interfaces have one or two LED link indicators next to the
interface. What do the following scenarios indicate?
a. Green LED
b. Blinking green LED
c. The link light is not on
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21. What is indicated by an amber light on a switch?

22. What are three Terminal emulation softwares you can use to access a router?
a.
b.
c.
23. What type of cable is required to connect with a router if you are using the
computers USB port to connect with the routers console port?

24. How many console connections will a Cisco router support at one time?

25. Using the routers IP address, what remote management tools can the network administrator use to connect
to the device?
a.
b.
c.
d.

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26. Based on the information supplied fill in the correct addresses for each device.

27. When configuring a Cisco switch or router, What are the basic tasks should be
performed first?
a.
b.
c.
28. How many characters can a port description be?

29. IPv6 interfaces will typically have more than one IPv6 address. What addresses
will this include?
a.
b.
30. Explain in detail what happens when the router is configured using the ipv6
unicast-routing global configuration command.

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31. Why is the loopback interface useful in testing and managing a Cisco IOS
device?

32. There are several show commands that can be used to verify the operation and
configuration of an interface. List and explain three commands that are especially
useful to quickly identify an interface status.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

33. List two commands that are used to gather more detailed interface
information.
a.
b.
34. List the IPv6 commands used to verify interface configuration.
a.
b.
c.
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d.
35. Use the ________________________________________ command to specify the
number of lines to be displayed. A value of 0 (zero) prevents the router from
pausing between screens of output.
36. Filtering commands can be used to display specific sections of output. Explain
how this is accomplished.

37. List and explain the filtering parameters that can be configured after the pipe.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

d. _________________________________ -

38. By default, command history is enabled and the system captures the last
___________ command lines in its history buffer.
39. Which command can you use to increase the number of command lines that
the history buffer records during the current terminal session only?

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4.2 Routing Decisions

40. What are the three steps a router does with a packet received from one
network and destined for another network?
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

41. IPv4 uses an ARP request process to learn the MAC address of another host. What processes does
IPv6 address resolution use?
a.
b.

42. Write in the correct MAC and IP addresses.

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43. Write in the correct MAC and IP addresses.

44. The routing table search results in one of three path determinations. List and
explain these.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

c. _________________________________ -

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45. The best path is selected by a routing protocol based on the value or metric it
uses to determine the distance to reach a network. What is a metric?

46. Which is better, a high metric or a low metric?

47. List the most common dynamic routing protocols.

a.
b.
c.
48. What happens if a routing table has two or more paths with identical metrics to
the same destination network?

49. What is this load sharing process called?

50. Which routing protocol supports unequal cost load balancing?

51. Is it possible for a router to be configured with multiple routing protocols and
static routes?

52. Cisco IOS uses what is known as the administrative distance (AD) to determine
the route to install into the IP routing table. Explain this.

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53. List the correct Administrative distance for each routing source.
Directly Connected
___________
Static
___________
EIGRP
___________
OSPF
___________
RIP
___________

4.3 Routing Operation

54. The routing table of a router stores information about two different types of
routes. List and explain each.
a. _________________________________ -

b. _________________________________ -

55. What is a routing table?

56. List the different types of entries in the routing table?

a.
b.
c.
d.
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57. The sources of the routing table entries are identified by a code. The code
identifies how the route was learned. Explain what the following codes identify.
L

58. Label the routing table entry below.

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59. Based on the information below correctly assign the routing table entry.

60. Before the interface state is considered up/up and added to the IPv4 routing
table, the interface must:
a.
b.
c.
61. An active, properly configured, directly connected interface actually creates
two routing table entries. What does the C and L route source codes mean.
CL-

62. What is the purpose of the show ipv6 route command?

63. Explain how do static routes differ from dynamically learned routes?

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64. What are the benefits of using static routes?

a.
b.

65. What is the main disadvantage to using static routes?

66. What are the two common types of static routes in the routing table?
a.
b.
67. What is the purpose of a default static route?

68. What is another name for a default route?

69. Explain what Network Discovery is.

70. When are routers converged?

71. How can you determine which routing protocols are supported by the IOS?

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72. What does an IP route entry beginning with D*EX mean?

73. Support for dynamic IPv6 routing protocols is dependent on what two things?
a.
b.
74. To enable IPv6 routers to forward traffic, what must you configure?

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