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Table 5 shows that the yields of the volatile products of the "slow" reaction,
cyanogen and cyanoacetylene, vary roughly as (C2H2)0(N)2 0 (cyanogen) and
as (C2H2)4/3 0(N)0 (cyanoacetylene). We assume that the common precursor
of both products is the radical C2H2N whose yields according to equation (A)
must vary as (C2H2)0(N)0. The experimental trends shown in table 5 can be
explained thus by assuming competitive reactions of this radical with nitrogen
atoms (leading to cyanogen) and with acetylene (leading to cyanoacetylene).
La Tabla 5 muestra que los rendimientos de los productos voltiles de la
reaccin lenta, de ciangeno y cianoacetileno, varan aproximadamente
Pgina 174
The precise nature of these reactions remains unknown, although some
arguments can be advanced that they do not involve either hydrogen atoms or
cyanide radicals . Against the formation of hydrogen atoms are the
experiments
in
which
an
equimolar
mixture
of
acetylene
and
dideuteroacetylene was reacted with active nitrogen in such a ratio that
(unfortunately) not only the "slow" but also the "fast" reaction was
contributing. The isotopic composition of hydrogen was found to be: (H2) =
39%, (HD) = 25% and (D2)= 26%. Thus much less isotopic mixing occurred
than would be the case if hydrogen atoms were the only precursor of molecular
hydrogen
La naturaleza precisa de estas reacciones sigue siendo desconocida, aunque
algunos argumentos pueden ser avanzados que no implican cualquiera de los
tomos de hidrgeno o radicales de cianuro. Contra la formacin de tomos de
hidrgeno son los experimentos en los que una mezcla equimolar de acetileno
y dideuteroacetylene se hizo reaccionar con nitrgeno activo en una relacin
tal que (por desgracia) no slo la reaccin "lenta", sino tambin la reaccin
"rpida" estaba contribuyendo. La composicin isotpica de hidrgeno se
encontr que era: (H2) = 39%, (HD) = 25% y (D 2) = 26%. Por lo tanto se
produjo una mezcla mucho menos isotpica de lo que sera el caso si los
tomos de hidrgeno fueran el nico precursor de hidrgeno molecular.
The arguments against the formation of cyanide radicals are, first, that the
chemiluminescence due to cyanide radicals vanishes in mixtures so rich in
acetylene that the "slow" reaction predominates. Secondly, as will be discussed
later, cyanide radicals catalyse the recombination of nitrogen atoms in the
"fast" reaction and this recombination is substantially absent in the rgime of
the slow reaction, whereas cyanogen is a major product.
Los argumentos en contra de la formacin de radicales de cianuro son,
primero, que la quimioluminiscencia debido a los radicales de cianuro se
desvanece en mezclas tan ricos en acetileno que la reaccin "lenta"
predomina. En segundo lugar, como se discutir ms adelante, los radicales de
cianuro catalizan la recombinacin de tomos de nitrgeno en la reaccin
"rpida" y esta recombinacin est sustancialmente ausente en el rgimen de
la reaccin lenta, mientras que el ciangeno es un producto importante.
Experimental data here presented lead us to conclude that the fast reaction
which is preponderant at low (C2H2/N)0 ratios is a free-radical chain reaction
which is initiated not by a reaction between a nitrogen atom and an acetylene
molecule. We are proposing below a complex mechanism which is admittedly
not unique or complete but which does describe semiquantitatively the main
features of the reaction. Omitting a number of processes which are relevant to
chemiluminescence to be discussed separately and neglecting also the
quenching of metastable nitrogen molecules on the walls or in the gas phase
and the reaction of cyanogen with active nitrogen, etc., the mechanism is a
follows
Los datos experimentales aqu presentados nos llevan a la conclusin de que la
reaccin rpida, que es preponderante a bajas proporciones (C 2H2/N)0 es una
reaccin en cadena de radicales libres que no es iniciada por una reaccin
entre un tomo de nitrgeno y una molcula de acetileno. Proponemos a
continuacin un mecanismo complejo que la verdad no es nica o completa
pero que no describa semicuantitativamente las principales caractersticas de
la reaccin. La omisin de un nmero de procesos que son relevantes para la
quimioluminiscencia a ser discutido por separado y despreciando tambin la
extincin de las molculas de nitrgeno metaestables en las paredes o en la
fase gaseosa y la reaccin de ciangeno con nitrgeno activo, etc., el
mecanismo es como sigue.
Pgina 175
) is
molculas de nitrgeno
y A3
estados),
probablemente
trmicamente.
pero
la
reaccin
endotrmica
para
cuando
los
formar
la
reactivos
A3
se
estado
es
equilibraron
However, the NCN radical is probably formed in reaction 6 wih a large excess of
vibrational energy and, considering general information on the rates of
vibrational energy exchange with nitrogen molecules, it is not likely to
dissipate the excess energy in some 10_3 collisions preceding an encounter
with a nitrogen atom. Hence reaction 7 need not be rejected on
thermochemical grounds.In mixtures leaner than those of the minima in figure
2, acetylene is quantitatively and almost instantly destroyed (figure 3) and
reactions 8 and 9 should be, therefore, unimportant. The overall reaction
becomes a nearly pure catalysis of nitrogen atom recombination (CN + 2N ->
N2 +CN, involving reactions 6 and 7) whose chain length is limited by reaction
10 and, therefore, should vary as (CN)-(1/2), thus as (C2H2)_0(-1/2). This is
approximately the dependence deduced from the last three lines of table 2
which show that when acetylene concentration is reduced by a factor of 3, the
chain length increases by a factor of1.87, but undoubtedly other processes,
Pgina 176