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Superposition Method
En Hamizi Yahya & Pn Nasirah Siron
Reference: Tn Hj Ahmad Shufni
Analyzing can be done at cantilever beam that is at support at free end section
The beam above is carrying uniformly distributed load (UDL) that may caused reaction acting up at free
end, B
B
yB
P
By placing support at end B equivalent to reaction force P acting up. (equivalent to reaction due to
support B)
By equating the deflection acting down yw due to loading and up due to reaction forced P (yp) the reaction
force P can be determined
OR to prevent deflection, deflection at end B MUST in zero deflection
So yB + yP = 0
Problem 1
By superposition method, determine the reaction at support B,
a) The reaction at support A and sketch Shear Force Diagram (SFD)
b) Bending moment at A and B
c) Sketch the Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)
10 kN
B
2m
2m
Solution
Separate beam into 2 condition:
Case 1 : Take away support at B in order to transform simply supported into cantilever beam
Case 2 : Move all the loading at beam and place the reaction for P at B
Support at B is moved away so it will be cantilever beam. Due to loading (Point load P and UDL),
deflection occurred at free end at B yw.
Derive moment equation, at section z-z where as near to fixed end A. Moment distance (x) is taken from
free end.
Case 1
10 kN
z
B
Mx
z
yw
x
Moment equation
Mx + 10 (x-2) = 0
d2 y
Mx = EI 2
dx
EI
d2y
dx 2
dy
dx
10(x2)2
2
+ A -----------------------eq. 2
10(x2)3
6
+ Ax + B--------------------eq. 3
0=
+ 20(4) + B
B = -66.67
At B when x = 0, deflection yw = ??
From equation 3
EIyw =
yw =
10(02)3
6
+ 20 0 66.67
66.67
Case 2
Move all the loading at cantilever beam, and at free end B, put the reaction at free end B, P
z
yP
Mx
z
P
B
Derive moment equation toward section z-z where as near to fixed-end, A. Moment distance, x is taken
from free end
Mx Px = 0
d2 y
Mx = EI 2
dx
EI
d2y
dx 2
= Px-----------------------eq. 1
= EI
dy
dx
Px 2
+ A -----------------------eq. 2
Px
6
+ Ax + B--------------------eq. 3
EI(0) =
+ 8P(4) + B
B=21.33P
At B when x = 0, deflection yp = ??
From equation 3
EIyp =
yp =
P(0)3
6
21.33P
+ 8P(0) + 21.33P
EI
10 kN
MA = -7.48 kNm
2m
2m
RA= 6.87 kN
6.87kN
RB = P = 3.13 kN
6.87kN
Fy = 0
Fy = Fy
RA + 3.13 = 10
RA = 6.87 kN
SFD
-7.48kNm
-3.13kN
BMD
-3.13kN
M@A = 0
MA + 10(2) 3.13(4) = 0
MA = -7.48 kNm
0kNm
6.26kNm
Problem 2
By superposition method, determine the reaction at support B,
a) The reaction at support A and sketch Shear Force Diagram (SFD)
b) Bending moment at A and B
c) Sketch the Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)
5 kN/m
B
4m
Solution
Case1
Z
5 kN/m
B
Mx
yw
Moment equation
Mx +
5 ( )
Mx = EI
EI
d2y
dx 2
=0
d2 y
dx 2
5
2
-------------------------- eq. 1
dy
dx
5(x)3
6
+ A -----------------------eq. 2
5(x)4
24
+ Ax + B--------------------eq. 3
5(4)4
24
+ 53.33(4) + B
B = -159.99
At B when x = 0, deflection yw = ??
From equation 3
EIyw =
yw =
5(0)4
24
+ 53.33 0 159.99
159.99
Case 2
Move all the loading at cantilever beam, and at free end B, put the reaction at free end B, P
z
yP
Mx
z
Derive moment equation toward section z-z where as near to fixed-end, A. Moment distance, x is taken
from free end
Mx Px = 0
d2 y
Mx = EI 2
dx
EI
d2y
dx 2
= Px-----------------------eq. 1
dy
dx
Px 2
+ A -----------------------eq. 2
Px3
6
+ Ax + B--------------------eq. 3
EI(0) =
+ 8P(4) + B
B=21.33P
At B when x = 0, deflection yp = ??
From equation 3
EIyp =
yp =
P(0)3
6
21.33P
+ 8P(0) + 21.33P
EI
MA = -10 kNm
5 kN/m
B
4m
RA= 12.5 kN
RB = P = 7.5 kN
12.5kN
Fy = 0
Fy = Fy
RA + 7.5 = 5(4)
RA = 12.5 kN
SFD
2.5m
1.5m
-7.5kN
-10kNm
BMD
M@A = 0
MA + 5(4)(4/2) 7.5(4) = 0
MA = -10 kNm
0kNm
5.63kNm