Created: 2009-05-04 14:23:26

Updated: 2014-07-14 11:47:52

Word count: 595

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Population refers to the number of people in a geographic area. The study of population
involves the numbers as well as the age sex and other population characteristics which
differentiate one population from another. The size of a population is given by births, deaths
and migration. (Roucek,1976).
FERTILITY (BIRTH )

Fertility is the number of children that is born to a women or women within a population. It is
composed of two components the physiological and the societal. The biological component of
fertility is referred to as fecundity. A fecund person is able to reproduce while an infecund
individual is unable to reproduce.(Weeks,1999). The social component of fertility determines
how and when the individual is allowed to' explore the limits of their fecundity. That is, the
number of children that females should have, when to engage in sexual intercourse and
under which circumstances. It therefore considers the opportunities and motivations for
childbearing', which vary from culture to culture and from one society to the next.

Crude birth rate: this is the total number of live births in a population per one thousandth in
a given year. The birth rate is divided by the midyear population.

CBR =

# of live births in year y

1000

Mid-year population in year y

The CBR does not take into account which people in he people in the population which are
actually at risk of having births and it ignores the age structure of the population which
greatly affects how many live births can be expected in the New Year. Fertility is the number
of children born to women. It is comprised of two parts the social (cultural and the biological.
The biological component or fecundity refers to the capacity to reproduce. The social
component refers to the manipulation of variables associated with intercourse.

Age specific fertility rate

This is one of the most precise ways of measuring fertility. It is the number of births occurring
annually per 1000 women of a specific age usually given in five year age groups.

ASFR=

#Births in a year to women aged x to (x 5)

Total mid-year population of women aged x to (x 5)

x 1000

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Total Fertility Rate

Total fertility rate approximates being able to ask women how many children they have had
when they are all through with child bearing using the ASFR at a particular date to project
what could happen in the future if all women went through their lives bearing children at the
same rate that women of different ages are bearing children at that date.
The total fertility rate is an estimate of the average number of children born to each woman,
assuming that the current birth rate remains constant

TFR? (ASFR5)