Spanking/Corporal Punishment 1

Spanking/Corporal Punishment

Exercise #1

Spanking/Corporal Punishment of Children

Kevan Dunlop

SOWK 300

Tuskegee University

January 27, 2010

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Spanking/Corporal Punishment

Article 1

Hankerson, H. E. (1979). Children in Crisis in the United States: Child Abuse and

Neglect--A Continuing Problem. The Journal of Negro Education, 48(3), 396-407.

Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2295056

Summary: The article points to child abuse in the early nineteenth century with the way

punishments were handled by school masters being cruel and brutal. The misuse of

children in the work force was widespread during that time also. The negative effects that

slavery had on the Black community are a serious one because the growth of a black

child is more uncertain than that of another race because of the injustice and cruelty that

this race dealt with in many levels due to the slave era. Research shows that cases of

neglect and abuse generally show signs of psychopathology and stressful social

conditions of the family. Abusive parents are in all socioeconomics levels. The low

economic group is less likely to have private medical care so they have a better chance of

being under investigation for abuse. There cases are viewed at a much higher rate than

the higher economic group. The higher economic families may have private treatment
and may also abuse different with verbal attacks or withdrawal of care and affection.

Article 2

Langdon, G., & Stout, I. (1951). A Study of the Home Life of Well-Adjusted Children in

Three Areas of the U.S. Journal of Educational Sociology, 25(2), 67-85. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2263650
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Summary: This article has survey data from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, Southern

Illinois, New York City including close neighbors Connecticut and New Jersey. It is

about the Study of the Home Life of Well-Adjusted Children in Three Areas. In the

article it parents gave there viewpoints on how their kids are adjusting to society with

what they are taught at home. A Southern Illinois parent said that good fine-tuning for

kids can’t be left to probability. Their views varied with the topic of spanking here are

three different viewpoints the city is not included but peoples views differ no matter if

their neighbors. Some said “Spanking and doing it the thoroughly “others said “Spanking

never did anyone any good” and “We are the only ones who get any good out of the

spanking so we quit”. Those show the range in parent’s theories of handling discipline

actions. All parents presented a view point that discipline is something much more

important and extensive than just the physical force designed to teach children right from
wrong.

Article 3

Margolin, L. (1991). Abuse and Neglect in Nonparental Child Care: A Risk Assessment.

Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(3), 694-704. Retrieved from

http://www.jstor.org/stable/352744

Summary: In this article a survey of adolescent baby-sitters it showed that a third

spanked children in their care. Males have been portrayed by social historians as having a

high amount of difficulty with child care. Young men receive little support or chance to
become caregivers growing up. Girls learn early on that their identity is essentially liked
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to care giving actions. These differences can be traced by the asymmetric socialization of

males and females. Females socialization stresses intimacy, teamwork, and sharing

feelings aloud which is different than young boys emphasis on aggression and toughness,

playing combative central themed games. The female socialization helps develop child

care skills and nonviolent methods of solving conflicts while with males there
socialization hinders that skill set.

Article 4

McLoyd, V., & Smith, J. (2002). Physical Discipline and Behavior Problems in African

American, European American, and Hispanic Children: Emotional Support as a

Moderator. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(1), 40-53. Retrieved from

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3599775

Summary: In this article it says that parental use of physical discipline is certainly

connected to behavioral and psychological problems in children and young people

.Corporal punishment varies in intensity from spanking with the end result not causing

physical injury to physical abuse which is extreme physical force that imposes bodily

injury. Corporal punishment by fathers increased the probability of criminal behavior by

their sons. Corporal punishment by mothers increased rates of violence in sons.

According to a study in 1988 African Americans had a lower family income needs ratio

and lower levels of emotional support than Hispanics and European Americans.

Hispanics also had a lower family income needs than European Americans, but there are
similar to European Americans with their levels of emotional support. When spanking
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transpire in a circumstance of strong overall emotional support for the child it does not

appear to supply a major increase in behavior problems. But without such support in
place negative behavior problems tend to occur in response to increased spanking.

Article 5

Rodriguez, C. (2003). Parental Discipline and Abuse Potential Affects on Child

Depression, Anxiety, and Attributions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(4), 809-817.
Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3599892

Summary: In this article it says that the media typically depicts the most brutal and fatal

acts of child abuse come from everyday physical discipline. The article says that it is

important to make sure the effects of physical abuse and physical discipline don’t

overlap. Children in families with severe physical discipline may have higher anxiety

symptoms than children whose parents use less severe physical discipline. Corporal

punishment is linked to children becoming violent adults. A relationship between

childhood histories of insensitive discipline and adult psychopathology exists according

to research. Parent’s physical punishment relates to some portions of a child’s emotional

well being even without identified physical abuse. Some findings show a difference in
results from parental attitudes and parental practices.
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Spanking/Corporal Punishment