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EXERCISES 2.4
Finding Limits Graphically
a.
lim sxd = 1
x: -1 +
y f (x)
f. lim sxd = 0
g. lim sxd = 1
h. lim sxd = 1
i. lim sxd = 0
j. lim- sxd = 2
x:0
x:0
x:1
k.
1
x:0
c. lim- sxd = 1
x:0
b. lim- sxd = 0
x: -1
x:0
x:0
x:0
x:1
x:2
l. lim+ sxd = 0
x:2
111
112
y
y f (x)
d. Does limx:-1 sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
5. Let sxd =
2
1
0,
x 0
1
sin x ,
x 7 0.
a.
lim + sxd = 1
x: -1
x: 2
c. lim sxd = 2
d. lim- sxd = 2
e. lim+ sxd = 1
x:2
x: 1
x:1
x: 1
x: 0
x0
0,
y 1
sin x , x 0
j.
lim sxd = 0
x: -1 -
x: 3
3 - x,
3. Let sxd = x
+ 1,
2
x 6 2
a. Does limx:0+ sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
x 7 2.
b. Does limx:0- sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
y
c. Does limx:0 sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
6. Let g sxd = 2x sins1>xd .
y3x
3
y x1
2
y
y x
1
0
y x sin 1x
b. Does limx:2 sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
c. Find limx:4- sxd and limx:4+ sxd .
1
2
d. Does limx:4 sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
4. Let sxd = d
3 - x, x 6 2
2,
x = 2
x
,
2
1
2
x 7 2.
y
1
y3x
y x
a. Does limx:0+ g sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
y x
2
2
b. Does limx:0- g sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
c. Does limx:0 g sxd exist? If so, what is it? If not, why not?
x 3,
0,
sin U
1
U:0 U
x Z 1
x = 1.
Using lim
21. lim
sin kt
t
sk constantd
25. lim
tan 2x
x
26. lim
27. lim
x csc 2x
cos 5x
x Z 1
x = 1.
u :0
x:0
Graph the functions in Exercises 9 and 10. Then answer these questions.
x:0
x,
10. sxd = 1,
0,
0 x 6 1
1 x 6 2
x = 2
x: -2
x - 1
12. lim+
x: 1 A x + 2
t: 0
15. lim+
2h 2 + 4h + 5 - 25
h
16. lim-
26 - 25h + 11h + 6
h
x + 2
17. a. lim +sx + 3d
x + 2
x: -2
18. a. lim+
x:1
22x sx - 1d
x - 1
t:4
x 2 - x + sin x
2x
x:0
30. lim
32. lim
sin ssin hd
sin h
sin 5x
sin 4x
h:0
34. lim
35. lim
tan 3x
sin 8x
36. lim
x:0
2t
tan t
x:0
sin u
sin 2u
x:0
sin 3y cot 5y
y cot 4y
y:0
Calculating Limits as x :
In Exercises 3742, find the limit of each function (a) as x : q and
(b) as x : - q . (You may wish to visualize your answer with a
graphing calculator or computer.)
2
37. sxd = x - 3
41. hsxd =
38. sxd = p -
1
2 + s1>xd
-5 + s7>xd
2
3 - s1>x d
40. g sxd =
43. lim
x: q
45.
x + 2
b. lim -sx + 3d
x + 2
x: -2
b. limx: 1
22x sx - 1d
x - 1
b. lim-st - : t; d
t: 4
lim
sin 2x
x
3 - s2>xd
42. hsxd =
4 +
t: - q
2 - t + sin t
t + cos t
44.
lim
u: -q
46. lim
r: q
2
x2
1
8 - s5>x 2 d
t: 0
33. lim
h: 0
h:0
sin s1 - cos td
1 - cos t
39. g sxd =
2x + 5
x
b
ba 2
x + 1
x + x
x + 6 3 - x
1
ba x ba
b
14. lim- a
7
x:1 x + 1
h: 0
31. lim
h
sin 3h
24. lim-
x + x cos x
x:0 sin x cos x
u :0
-1 x 6 0, or 0 6 x 1
x = 0
x 6 -1, or x 7 1
t: 0
29. lim
13.
22. lim
22u
sin 3y
23. lim
y:0 4y
21 - x 2,
9. sxd = 1,
2,
113
A 22>x 2 B
cos u
3u
r + sin r
2r + 7 - 5 sin r
2x + 3
5x + 7
48. sxd =
2x 3 + 7
x - x2 + x + 7
49. sxd =
x + 1
x2 + 3
50. sxd =
3x + 7
x2 - 2
51. hsxd =
7x 3
x - 3x 2 + 6x
52. g sxd =
1
x 3 - 4x + 1
86
(b) True
(f) True
(j) False
(c) False
(g) False
(k) True
(d) True
(h) False
(l) False
2. (a) True
(e) True
(i) True
(b) False
(f) True
(j) False
(c) False
(g) True
(k) True
(d) True
(h) True
3. (a)
lim f(x)
x #
2
#
(b) No, lim f(x) does not exist because lim f(x) lim f(x)
x#
x#
x#
(c) lim f(x) 4# 1 3, lim f(x) 4# " $
x%
x%
lim f(x)
x #
2
#
(b) Yes, lim f(x) 1 because " lim f(x) lim f(x)
x#
x#
x#
(c)
lim f(x) 3 (1) 4, lim f(x) 3 (1) 4
x c"
x c"
lim
x c"
f(x)
lim
x c"
f(x)
5. (a) No, lim f(x) does not exist since sin "x does not approach any single value as x approaches 0
x!
(b) lim f(x) lim 0 0
x!
(c)
x!
lim f(x) does not exist because lim f(x) does not exist
x!
x!
6. (a) Yes, lim g(x) 0 by the sandwich theorem since x g(x) x when x 0
x!
(b) No, lim g(x) does not exist since x is not defined for x 0
x!
(c) No, lim g(x) does not exist since lim g(x) does not exist
x!
x!
x 1
x1
8. (a)
(b)
x 1
9. (a) domain: 0 x 2
range: 0 y 1 and y 2
(b) xlim
f(x) exists for c belonging to
c
(0 1) (" #)
(c) x 2
(d) x 0
11.
x c!&
lim
13.
x c#
14.
x 1
15.
lim
lim
lim
h!
2
0.5 2
3
3/2
xx
1
0.5 1
1/2
12.
lim
x 1
"
1
0 !
"1
xx
#
#
5
x x 1 2x
2 2(2) 5
"
x# x # " (#)# (2) (2) # 1
lim
h!
lim
h!
ah# 4h 5b 5
h h# 4h 5 5
h# 4h 5 5
# 4h 5 5
hh#
h
4h 5 5
lim
h!
h(h 4)
h h# 4h 5 5
04
5 5
2
5
87