Problems

Q1. (i) What type of filter is it? Calculate the cutoff

frequency of the filter.
(ii) The switch is closed at t = 0, calculate the
output voltage at t = 0 and at t = 10 mS.

10 k

+
12 V

(i) Lowpass filter.

Cutoff frequency = 175.1 Hz.

1 k

vo

1 F

909

(ii) At t = 0, the capacitor is shorted.

Vo = 0 V.

vo

1 F

Now, time constant = ReqC = 0.909 mS.

t 5
Vo = 1.09 V.
Calculate the time constant of the following
circuit.

10 k

10 k

+
12 V

The output is open-circuited.

time constant = RC = 10 mS.
Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

1 F

vo

1
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in

Problems
Q2. In the circuit, the capacitors are fully charged at t = 0- so
that vi = 12 V (C = 47 F, and R = 1 k).
+
(i) The switch is closed at t = 0, calculate the time when vc v
i
= 6 V.
(ii) Calculate the minimum power rating of the resistor.

+
C

vc

(i) Ceq = 94 F.

vC = Vo e
ln

t RC eq

vC
=
t RC eq
Vo

65.2 mS .
t =

(ii). Power rating = i peak

12
= 1k
1k
= 144 mW .
Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

2
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in

Problems
Q3. In the following circuit, a current source ii =
sin(2ft) mA with internal resistance Ri = 10 k is
connected to a RC circuit. Calculate the output
voltages at f = 10 kHz and 100 kHz. Given that C = 2.2
nF, and RL = 10 k.

ii

+
Ri

RL

v0

Transform the current source into a voltage source vi.

vi = ii Ri = 10sin ( 2 ft ) V.
Now,

vRL
vi

CRL
1 + 2 C 2 ( Ri + RL )

1.382,
at 10 kHz , CR
=
L
vRL

10 kHz

7.643
C ( Ri + R=
L)
2

vRL
= 0.47
vi

= 4.7 sin ( 20 103 t ) V.

at 100 kHz ,

vRL
vi

13.82
1 + 764.3

=0.4996 vRL

100 kHz

Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

=5sin ( 20 104 t ) V.
3
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in

Problems
Q4. In the following circuit, a pulse of height V and
width a is applied at t = 0. Find an expression for the
current.

+
V

vc

t ) V U ( t ) U ( t a ) .
vin (=
t

Now, applying KVL,

1
vc ( 0 ) + i dt +=
Ri V U ( t ) U ( t a )
C 0

Taking Laplace transform,

vc ( 0 )

I (s)

V
1 e as
s
Cs
s
1 e as V
1
e as
Assuming =
vc ( 0 ) 0,
I ( s ) VC =
=

1 + CRs R s + 1 CR s + 1 CR
Taking inverse Laplace transform,
V t CR
( t a ) CR
i (t ) =
e
U
t

e
U ( t a ) .
(
)

R
+

+ R I (s) =

Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

4
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in

Problems
R

Q5. The circuit is in steady state. The switch is

closed at t = 0. Find an expression for the vc.

2
V.
vc ( 0 ) =
3
But, for t >0, looking from the capacitor terminal,
the Thevenin's voltage =
Now, applying KVL,

+
R
vc

V
R

V
.
2
t
1
R
V
i + vc ( 0 ) + i dt =
2
2
C 0

R/2

Taking Laplace transform,

vc ( 0 ) I ( s ) V
R
I (s) +
,
+
=
s
Cs
2
2s
R
2V I ( s ) V
I (s) +
+
=,
Cs
2
3s
2s
V ( 3R )
I (s) =

.
s + 2 ( CR )

V/
2

Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

vc
C

Equivalent circuit for t >0.

5
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in

Problems
Capacitor voltage for t >0,
v ( 0 ) I ( s ) 2V
V ( 3RC )
=
Vc ( s ) =c +
,
s
Cs
3s s s + 2 ( CR )
( 2 3)Vs + V ( RC ) A
B
=
=
+
.
s s + 2 ( CR )
s s + 2 ( CR )
Now, expanding into partial fractions,
A

( 2 3)Vs + V ( RC )
=
s + 2 ( CR )
s =0

+
R
vc

V
R

V
2

( 2 3)Vs + V ( RC )

V
=
.
s
6
s = 2 CR

V
V
Vc ( s ) = +
.
2 s 6 s + 2 ( CR )
Taking inverse Laplace transform,
V V 2t CR
vc ( t ) =
+ e
, (for t > 0).
2 6
Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur

6
mkmandal@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in