Integrated River Basin Management Plan for Ranao River

Integrated River Basin Management and Development
Master Plan for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 1
1.1 KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES .................................................................................. 1
1.2 VISION, GOAL, AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................. 4
1.2.1 Vision......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2 Thematic Goals ......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 Development Objectives ........................................................................................... 6
1.3 INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT .......................... 7
1.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 2 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ........................................ 9
2.1 CHALLENGES ................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 9
2.3 STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS .................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Agriculture ................................................................................................................ 9
2.3.2 Renewable Energy Development .......................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Pollution control and mitigation ............................................................................... 13
2.3.4 Long-term data collection of water supply .............................................................. 15
CHAPTER 3 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND REHABILITATION ................................. 19
3.1 CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................... 19
3.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 19
3.3 STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................ 19
3.3.1 Forest Rehabilitation and/or Restoration ................................................................ 19
3.3.2 Agroforestry through the Conservation Farming Villages (CFV) Approach ............ 20
3.3.3 Watershed Decision Support System [WaDSS] Interventions................................ 20
3.3.4 Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring ................................................................ 21
3.4 PROGRAM AND PROJECT PROFILES ....................................................................... 21
3.4.1 Forest Protection ..................................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 Forest Rehabilitation and/or Restoration ................................................................ 22
3.4.3 Project No. 3 Agroforestry through the Conservation Farming Villages (CFV)
Approach .......................................................................................................................... 28
3.4.4 Fire Protection and Control ..................................................................................... 31
3.4.5 Regulation of Land Conversion to Agricultural Purposes or Uses ......................... 36
3.5 RECOMMENDED USE .................................................................................................. 37
3.5.1 Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 37
3.5.2 Recommendation .................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 4 BIODIVERSITY and wetland MANAGEMENT Program ................................. 40
4.1 KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ................................................................................ 40
4.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 41
VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)


4.3 STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................... 41

4.3.1 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................ 41
4.3.2 Wetland.................................................................................................................. 42
4.4 PROJECT PROFILES .................................................................................................. 42
4.4.1 Biodiversity Management ...................................................................................... 42
4.4.2 Wetland Management............................................................................................ 49
CHAPTER 5 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
PROGRAM ............................................................................................................................. 53
5.1 CHALLENGES.............................................................................................................. 53
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 53
5.3 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS .................................................................................. 54
5.3.1 Structural Measures............................................................................................... 54
5.3.2 Non-structural Measures ....................................................................................... 56
CHAPTER 6 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM..............................................................60
6.1 CHALLENGES.............................................................................................................. 60
6.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 60
6.3 STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................... 61
6.4 PROGRAMS ................................................................................................................. 62
6.4.1 Capability Building ................................................................................................. 62
6.4.2 Information, Education, Communication ................................................................ 66
6.4.3 Development of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) Program for the River
Basin ............................................................................................................................... 67
CHAPTER 7 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RIVER BASIN GOVERNANCE.......70
7.1 CHALLENGES.............................................................................................................. 70
7.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 72
7.3 STRATEGIES AND PROJECT PROFILES .................................................................. 73
7.3.1 Institutional/Organizational Development ............................................................. 73
7.3.2 Capacity Building ................................................................................................... 77
7.3.3 Policies .................................................................................................................. 85
7.3.4 Information, Education, and Communication for RB.............................................. 89
CHAPTER 8 INVESTMENT PLAN .........................................................................................92
8.1 Summary of Investment Plan........................................................................................ 94
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................99

LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter 1: Development Framework
Figure 1. 1.Problem Diagram of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin based on assessments
conducted. .................................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 1. 2. Relationship of four major ecosystems ................................................................... 7
Chapter 7: Institutional Development and River Basin Governance

Figure 7. 1. Hierarchy of policies or laws in order of authority. ................................................ 88
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. 1. Goals by thematic group. ......................................................................................... 5
Table 1. 2. Development Objectives .......................................................................................... 6
Chapter 3: Watershed Management and Rehabilitation

Table 3. 1. Recommended uses for Ranao (Agus) River Basin. ............................................. 38

Table 7. 1. Total Projected Estimated Cost and Possible Source of Funding ......................... 74
Table 7. 2. Timeline/Implementation Schedule ........................................................................ 76
Table 7. 3. Timeline/Implementation Schedule. ....................................................................... 78
Table 7. 5. Total Project Estimated Cost and Possible Source of Funding ............................. 84
Table 7. 6. RBMC Creation through an EO ............................................................................. 89
Chapter 8: Investment Plan

Table 8. 1. Summary of Investment Plan ................................................................................. 94
LIST OF MAPS
Map 3. 1. Recommended uses for Ranao (Agus) River Basin. ............................................... 39


LIST OF ANNEXES
A. Establishment of the River Basin Organization (RBO)
Page No.
A1
B. Proposed Executive Order (EO)
B1
C. Investment Plan Details
C1
D. Logframe
D1


ACRONYMS
ADB
Asian Development Bank
AFP
Armed Forces of the Philippines
ATI
Agricultural Training Institute
AUSAid
Australian Aid
BDP
Barangay Development Plan
BFAR
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
CAPEX
Capital expenditures
CC
Climate Change
CCA
Climate Change Adaptation
CCC
Climate Change Commission
CDP
Comprehensive Development Plan
CFV
Conservation Farming Villages
CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency
CLUP
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CS
Civil Society
CSI
Community Sustainability Indicators
CSO
Civil Society Organization
D&B
Design and Build
DA-NIA
Department of Agriculture National Irrigation Administration
DENR
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENR DAO
DENR Administrative Order
DENR-BMB
DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau
DepEd
Department of Education
DFID
Department for International Development
DILG
Department of Interior and Local Government
DOE
Department of Energy
DOF-LOGOFIND
DOH
Department of Finance Local Government Finance and

Development Program
Department of Health
DOST
Department of Science and Technology
DOST-ASTI
DOST Advanced Science and Technology Institute
DPWH
Department of Public Works and Highways
DPWH-BRS
DPWH Bureau of Research and Standards
DRR
Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSWD
Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI
Department of Trade and Industry
DWATS
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System
EDC
Energy Development Corp.
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
ENRO
Environment and Natural Resources Office
EO
Executive order
ES
Ecosystem Services

FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FLUP
Forest Land Use Plan
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GHG
Greenhouse gas
GOP
Government of the Philippines
GPS
Global Positioning System
GTZ
German Technical Cooperation
HEP
Hydroelectric Plant
HUDCC
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
IEC
Information, Education, and Communication
IP
Indigenous Peoples
IRBMD
JICA
Japan International Cooperation Agency
KBA
Key Biodiversity Area
KW
Kilowatts
LGU
Local Government Unit
LiDAR
Light Detection and Ranging
LLWPDC
Lake Lanao Watershed Protection and Development Council
LWUA
Local Water Utilities Administration
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MDP
Municipal Development Plan
MEC
Marginal Environmental Cost
MGB
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MinDA
Mindanao Development Authority
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MOC
Marginal Opportunity Cost
MOOE
Maintenance and other operating expenses
MOU
Memorandum of Agreement
MPC
Marginal Private Cost
MSU
Mindanao State University
MUC
Marginal User Cost
NEDA
National Economic and Development Authority
NGA
National Government Agency
NGCP
National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
NGO
Non-Government Organization
NIA
National Irrigation Administration
NIPAS
National Integrated Protected Areas System
NOAH
Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
NPC
National Power Corporation
NVS
Natural Vegetration Strips
NWRB
Natural Water Resources Board
OD
CAPBUILDERS
FOR RBCO
Organizational Development and Capacity Building through Effective

River Basin Management by Strenthening the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin Council Organization

ODA
Official Development Assistance
PA
Protected Area
PES
Payment for Ecosystem/Environmental Services
PHIVOLCS
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PNP
Philippine National Police
PO
Peoples Organization
PDP
PPP
Provincial Development Plan

Public-Private Partnership
PSF
Presidential Support Fund
PFTFC
Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation
RA
Republic Act
RARB
Ranao (Agus) River Basin
RB
River Basin
RBCO
River Basin Control Office
RBM
River Basin Management
RBMO
River Basin Management Office
RBO
River Basin Organization
REDAS
Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System
RGA
Regional Development Agency
RSA
Rapid Systems Appraisal
S&T
Science and Technology
SALLAM
Save Lake Lanao Movement
SALT
Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies
SCA
Supply Chain Analysis
SCU
State colleges and universities
SIDA
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SLM
Sustainable Land Management
STP
Sewage Treatment Plant
STRIDE
Strategic Irrigation Development
SUC
State universities and colleges
TESDA
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
UP
University of the Philippines
UP DREAM
UP - Disaster Risk and Exposure Assessment for Mitigation
UPLB-CFNR
UP Los Baos College of Forestry and Natural Resources
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
VA
Vulnerability Assessment
WaDSS
Water Decision Support System
WWF
World Wide Fund for Nature

CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
1.1
KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
The contribution to GDP of the 18 major river basins to the country, Ranao (Agus)
included, is underscored and thus its sustainability over time cannot be
overemphasized. Thus, ensuring the quality and overall health of these river basins is
critical for the country and the communities whose livelihood, culture and sustenance
depends on it. The Ranao (Agus) River Basin is an ecologically and economically
important principal river basin consisting a total of 1,645 square kilometers land area,
and covering the provinces of Lanao del Sur, Lanao del Norte including the cities of
Marawi and Iligan.
Thus, the River Basin Framework offers a paradigm shift transcending geopolitical
boundaries across shared natural resources such as water, wetlands/biodiversity and
watersheds. The primacy of a River basin plan over other existing plans such as
CLUP, FLUP, CDP, PDP, MDP, BDP has to be legitimized by the various actors and
stakeholders within the RB. It aims to be a legally binding and administratively
implemented integrated management approach to bring together the social,
economic and environmental costs and benefits of a river basin. The RBM approach:
its policy implications and its expectant programs encompassing RB protection and
restoration should be given primacy across LGUs to ensure sustainability of the
water resources and other river basin resources. Ownership of the plans through
multistakeholder participation, transparency and accountability through setting of
performance targets by LGU down to the barangays are imperative to achieve the
desired river basin-wide goals. Transboundary cooperation outside geopolitical
boundaries among member LGUs and stakeholders are necessary for the success of
RB plans.
In the case of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin, it has been assessed to be constantly
deteriorating. The deterioration of the vital functions of the river basin is attributable
to foundational problems namely, weaknesses in policy and institutions, and
problems associated with social, economic, political, cultural, and natural stressors.
The impaired service functions include provisioning, regulating, cultural and
supporting services. Provisioning services pertain to products obtained from the
ecosystem such as food, fresh water, fuelwood, fiber, genetic resources and hydroenergy. Regulating services by the river basin refer to the benefits obtained from
regulation of ecosystem processes such as climate, disease, water regulations as
well as pollination and water purification services. Cultural services on the other
hand, refer to non-material benefits obtained from the ecosystems such as spiritual
and religious, recreation and ecotourism, aesthetic, inspiration, education and
cultural heritage. Supporting services on the other hand, pertain to the production of
other ecosystem services such as soil formation, nutrient cycling and primary
production.
Manifestations of weaknesses in policy and institutions include weak regulatory
mechanisms, overlapping mandates, weak enforcement, weak information/decision
support system, poor institutional capacities to implement policies and mandates,
limited funding, and limited inter-sectoral collaboration over river basin management.
These translates to socio-economic related problems such as over-extraction of
resources, loss of income and limited livelihood opportunities, weak market

mechanisms, under valuation and appreciation of resources, unsustainable farming,

land conversion, loss of biodiversity, deteriorating water quality, among others. This
is exacerbated by natural stressors such as flooding, landslides, erosion, water spout
and extreme temperatures further amplifying environmental degradation and
vulnerabilities of poor and already marginalized sectors.
With increasing population amidst degrading resources, ambiguous institutional
mandates and policies, climate stressors, and exacerbated by the deterioration of
peace and order in the area, the Ranao (Agus) River Basin will not be able to provide
its vital functions on a sustained basis and will continue to deteriorate if immediate
and
drastic
measures
are
not
undertaken.

Figure 1. 1.Problem Diagram of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin based on assessments conducted.

1.2
VISION, GOAL, AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

1.2.1
Vision
With the current and near foreseeable future of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
in peril, where quality of life is threatened because of the foreseen inability of
the basins resources to continuously provide for provisioning services,
regulating services, cultural services and supporting services, the
stakeholders have agreed on the following vision statement:
A well protected, conserved, and sustainably developed and managed river
basin for the socio-economic benefits and cultural preservation of the people
in Lanao.
Each of the thematic concerns namely water, watershed, wetlands and
extreme climatic events have similarly crafted their vision and goal statements
in turn. This thematic vision and goals would make action in the river basin
more focused following the IRBMD framework while collectively working
towards the common vision.
Water Ranao River Basin as an instrument to preserve the Meranao
heritage and to serve as instrument for genuine Peace, Prosperity and
Progress of the Philippines.
Watershed - A well-protected, developed, and conserved watershed for the
benefit of the people in Lanao in particular, and the country in general.
Wetlands - A productive, protected, and sustainably managed wetlands for
the benefit of the people.
Climate Effects - A flood-free and socio-economically progressive Ranao
River Basin

1.2.2 Thematic Goals
Group
Vision
Water
Ranao River Basin as an instrument to preserve the
Meranao heritage and to serve as instrument for
genuine Peace, Prosperity and Progress of the
Philippines.
Goals
1) Operationalize the existing the LLWPDC and organize the formation of the multistakeholder
Ranao River Basin Council
2) Conduct comprehensive and continuous monitoring and evaluation of hydrologic/ biodiversity/
wetlands and socio-economic data
3) Institutionalize the Ranao Development Authority with multi-stakeholder representation and
composition with a juridical entity to source out funds for its programs and projects with the
inclusion of the Muslim Religious Leaders
4) Ensure maximum economic and social benefits from river basin resources through PES
5) Ensure access to clean water and ensure sanitation among community members
Watershed
A well-protected, developed, and conserved

watershed for the benefit of the people in Lanao in
particular, and the country in general.
1) Enhance the productivity of the watershed

a. Rehabilitate the degraded portions of the watershed
b. Introduce and implement sustainable farming practices
2) Formulate and implement waste management
3) Create a mechanism for stronger coordination among stakeholders in the watershed
4) Strictly implement laws and regulations
a. Better regulation of land use policies
Wetlands
A productive, protected, and sustainably managed

wetlands for the benefit of the people.
1) Secure sustainable livelihoods for the people

2) Formulate an integrated wetlands management (includes restoration, rehabilitation, riverbank
stabilization)
3) Restore health/ integrity of the wetlands.
4) Develop a database information system for decision-making
5) Create a mechanism for stronger coordination among stakeholders in the wetlands
6) Strictly implement laws and regulation
a. Better regulation of land use policies
Extreme
Climate
Events
A flood-free and socio-economically progressive

Ranao River Basin
1) Establish a flood-free Ranao River Basin

1.2.3 Development Objectives

Development
Development Objectives
Plan
Water Resources 1. To increase water supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses;
Management
2. To increase access to safe water and strengthen the regulation of water.
Watershed
1. To rehabilitate the degraded portions of the watershed
Management and 2. To introduce and implement sustainable farming practices
Rehabilitation*
3. To create a mechanism for stronger coordination among all stakeholders in the
watershed
5. To strictly implement all laws and regulations on mining and agricultural land
conversions
Biodiversity
1. To provide baseline data and information useful for conservation and promotion of
Management
sustainable use of the resources through the establishment of permanent ecological
plots for a long-term biodiversity monitoring and baseline information for wetland areas;
2. To conduct capacity building on local communities, academic institutions,
government agencies and other stakeholders in undertaking biodiversity assessment
and monitoring and promoting collaborative research and academic endeavors to
manage the ecological plots, biodiversity corridors and wetland areas;
3. To establish biodiversity corridors that will connect remaining forest patches in the
target areas and Ranao (Agus) River riparian area;
4. To undertake Information and Education Campaign to increase the peoples
awareness and appreciation of biodiversity;
5. To establish Wildlife Rescue Centers in selected strategic localities.
Wetlands
1. Assess, survey, delineate and diversity assessment of wetlands in Ranao (Agus)
Management
River Basin;
2. Raising the quantity and quality of water from the Lake for household, fisheries,
irrigation and hydro-power generation purposes;
3. Conservation of ecological security and biodiversity; and
4. Improvement of the overall management of the wetland and the Lake through
wetland management and policy formulations.
Climate Change
To establish a flood-free Ranao River Basin
Management
Human
1. To reduced poverty incidence
Development
2. To better health/sanitation condition
3. To reduce land, landuse and other conflicts
4. To increase people participation or involvement in Ranao (Agus) River Basin
protection and rehabilitation efforts and develop sense of ownership in development
projects
5. To capture the benefits provided by the ecosystems in Ranao (Agus) River Basin
6. To set an efficient water pricing and allocation
Institutional
1. To create an inclusive, viable and functional Ranao (Agus) River Basin Organization
Development
2. To formulate processes, systems and procedures towards good river basin
governance with spaces open for participation of stakeholders

1.3
INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Formulated by RBCO in 2007, the Integrated River Basin Management and

Development (IRBMD) Framework is the basic system for all strategies in the
Philippines for sustainable river basin ecosystem management. Figure 1.2 shows the
four principal frameworks and development strategies: Integrated Water Resources
Management, Integrated Watershed Management, Wetland Management, and Flood
Mitigation.
Figure 1. 2. Relationship of four major ecosystems

1. Integrated Water Resources Management manages fresh water as an
economic and public good while recognizing its vulnerability and limited supply.
2. Integrated Watershed Management organizes land, people, and other
resources in the watershed to provide goods and services without harming the
soil and water.
3. Wetland Management manages areas that are submerged or soaked by
enough surface or groundwater to support ecosystems such as mangroves, coral
reefs, swamps, rice paddies, estuaries, lakes and reservoirs
Flood Mitigation protects and enhances coping capacities of communities and
the environment against water-induced hazards

1.4
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
As a standard procedure, all proposed projects are recommended to undergo the
following impact assessments during the projects detailed planning stages:
Environmental Impact Assessment
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a standard procedure required by the
government for securing an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). Any
person, partnership, or corporation planning to undertake or operate any
environmentally critical project should first secure this ECC. Therefore, proposed
projects such as the construction of landfills and sewage treatment plants, if these
will be implemented, should have an EIA.
If applicable, a resettlement plan should also be included in the EIA. Below are
general characteristics of sustainable resettlement sites that can be used during the
site selection process (WWF and American National Red Cross, 2010).
The site selection process should look for sites that will:
Have the least negative impact on the environment

Have the fewest possible threats from the environment
Require the least extraction of natural resources for site preparation,
construction, and operation
Incorporate infrastructure and community-managed systems for minimizing
and managing solid and liquid waste; and
Offer the best quality of life for residents
To look for these characteristics, key attributes of the site should be considered, such
as but not limited to: slope, climate, vegetation, cultural significance, hazards,
drainage, livelihood sources, utilities, site access, and topography (WWF and
American National Red Cross, 2010). Information on some of these key attributes is
included in the comprehensive assessment of the river basin (Volume 2: Part 1).
Government procurement procedures also specify that resettlement sites should not
have the following: decrees, titles, pending applications for judicial titling, ancestral
domains, and certificates of land ownership for areas with DAR programs (HUDCC,
2013)
Once a community is resettled, local participation will be necessary, particularly for
DRRM planning and livelihood development. LGUs and NGOs should support the
organizational development and capacity building activities for the community. For
the assurance of safety, police or community-level security brigade outposts should
also be near the settlement area, and these groups should assist in the conduct of
meetings, trainings, and drills on emergency preparedness.
Social Impact Assessment
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) analyzes the possible positive and negative social
consequences of the proposed projects. Through this, measures to further enhance
positive impacts and mitigate negative outcomes can be effectively identified. An
assessment of local heritage sites within the river basin should also be included in
the SIA.

CHAPTER 2 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

2.1
CHALLENGES
In terms of water resources, data shows that the supply of water in Lake Lanao is
adequate. According to study conducted by JICA (1998), water in the Ranao (Agus)
River Basin is enough to support the basins population until 2025. However,
problems in water allocation and water quality may adversely affect the basin.
Competition for water has been observed among the different sectors in the basin.
Water in Lake Lanao is primarily allotted for hydropower generation. This is due to
the Agus Hydroelectric Plants situated along the Agus River. The Ranao (Agus)
HEPs supply more than half of hydropower to the Mindanao Grid.
Furthermore, the availability of clean water is becoming a concern. Fecal coliforms
have been observed in the major rivers of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. Although
the levels diminish after a certain period of time, this problem can still recur if proper
waste management systems are not implemented in the communities of the river
basin. Aside from this, the need for a sustained supply of clean water is becoming a
natural concern due to the growing population, and increasing commercial and
industrial activities.
2.2
DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
Based on the issues and challenges being confronted by the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin, development objectives that will ensure the strategies and interventions are
consistent and contribute to the attainment of the development goals were crafted.
The objectives were validated by various stakeholders during a series of
consultations and meetings. The objectives are:
1. To increase water supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses
a. Irrigation system development
b. Renewable energy development
2. To increase access to safe water and strengthen the regulation of water.
a. Pollution control and mitigation
b. Long-term data collection of water supply
2.3
STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS
2.3.1
Agriculture
Strategic Irrigation Development for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin (STRIDE)
Rationale:
Irrigable areas for development by NIA are those contiguous areas of 100 hectares
or more with slopes not exceeding 3%. Considering the level to mountainous terrain
of the watershed, considerable area has been left out for irrigation development by
NIA. However, even NIA considers that areas up to 8% slope are potentially
irrigable, and although site-specific, in many instances even up to 18% slope are

10
used for agricultural production and may be developed for irrigation to allow a variety
of cropping patterns, including terraced rice, corn, vegetables and high-value crops.
Irrigation is essential for long-term sustainable agriculture. Irrigation projects by NIA
that are being undertaken should be continued to completion. It is important to
preserve the safety and functionality of present irrigation infrastructure. Incorporating
site-specific, small-scale irrigation into comprehensive rural development programs
has better chance of success and sustainability.
Location: The project will be implemented within selected sites in the Ranao (Agus)
River Basin (RARB) and its sub-watersheds.
Objectives:
To identify areas with irrigation potential in order to increase cultivated land

under irrigation
To assess the suitability of groundwater resources in identified specific sites
for tube-well irrigation
To identify specific sites and assess the suitability of small water
impoundment systems for irrigation
To establish small-scale irrigation systems appropriate for identified sites
To enhance farmer capacity for irrigated agriculture and to develop the selfmanagement capability of beneficiaries and their organizations
Project Description:
The project shall involve the development of small-scale irrigation in the RARB,
particularly small holder farmers and groups not generally belonging to the service
areas of NIA. Emphasis shall be on tube-well and small water impoundment projects
that would be appropriate to present farm lands and in alienable and disposable
lands that are presently unproductive. The rational selection of sites, the provision
of site-specific designs, training in irrigation techniques and irrigation water
management, modern crop production techniques and cropping systems, and the
participatory approach enabling the prospective beneficiaries to contribute to the
development, management and operation of a project and thereby generating a
sense of ownership and involvement, are all essential for long term sustainability.
The project shall be implemented within the first 5 years of the implementation of the
RARB Master Plan.
Expected Benefits/Impacts:
Doubling of irrigable area in the RARB through additional irrigated areas of

12,000 hectares
Rational increase in total extent of cultivation lands
Improvement in farming practices in project areas
Production of higher value crops
Higher yields per unit of water and land, higher cropping intensities, and
reduced water use
Increased farm profitability
Contribute to poverty alleviation by targeting small holder farmers for irrigation
development
Estimated Cost:
Site identification and assessment :

PhP
8,500,000

11
Design and construction of small-scale irrigation projects: PhP2,040,000,000

Appropriate irrigation technologies for small holder farmers: PhP 12,000,000
Stakeholders training:
PhP 34,000,000
TOTAL:
PhP2,094,500,000
Possible Sources of Funding: DA-BSWM; LGUs; JICA; NGOs; Public-Private

Partnerships; NPC
Indicative Implementation Schedule:
Site identification and assessment:

Design and construction of small irrigation projects:
Appropriate irrigation technologies for small holder farmers:
Stakeholders training/workshop:
Years 1-6
Years 4-15
Years 7-15
Years 4-15
Proposed Implementing Agency: LGU; NIA; NGOs; RBCO; Farmer/beneficiary

groups
2.3.2
Renewable Energy Development
Support the expansion of the Hydroelectric power projects

Project Name: Support the AGUS3 Hydroelectric Power Project
Rationale: In the comprehensive assessment report, theAgus3 project was identified
as key project that will contribute to the Mindanao Grid. The Agus3 Hydroelectric
Power Project is a National Power Corporation (NPC) - initiated project in line with its
mandate to continuously identify and develop new and additional sources of energy
in support of the country's industrialization thrust. Specifically, the development of
the project is aimed at augmenting the power requirements of Mindanao which is
projected to increase by 11% over the next 5-10 years due to the rapid development
occurring in the area.
Location: Saguiaran in Lanao del Sur and Pantar and Baloi in Lanao del Norte
Objective: To implement the construction of Agus3 HEP project
The Agus III HEP is a cascading type with reservoir that utilizes the tailwater
discharge from the Agus II HEP and the surface water flow from the intermittent
Pawak Creek. The Agus III HEP will be operated on baseload just like Agus II HEP
since it has very little capability for regulation. The design of the scheme was based
on the following considerations:
10,000 year maximum flood is 1,000 cms

0.3 g seismic safety factor
tunnels to be constructed 10m (on the average) above the water table and
about 100 m from the surface
10% of the mean river flow will be maintained as the riparian flow (2.5 cms)
tailwater of Agus III is not to exceed the current river flow at the Balo-I Plains

12
Expected Benefits: Increased energy supply for Mindanao

Estimated Cost:
PhP 9,600,000,000
Sources of funding: PPP

Timeline / Implementation Schedule: Short term plan (1-5 years)
Host Implementing Agencies: LGU, NPC
Support existing 30 MW Solar Energy project and other mini Hydro projects
Project Name: Support the 35MW Solar Power Project
Rationale: In the comprehensive assessment report, the main renewable energy
projects that were found are mostly under the hydropower category. Development of
solar power, another renewable source of energy, has recently gained momentum in
the city of Marawi. The project is expected to lower the cost of energy (only 3 pesos
per KW) and more importantly, bring in earnings to the city of Marawi.
Location: Marawi City
Objective: To support the implementation of Solar Power Plant project
Project Description: This project supports the complete installation of 35MW Solar
Power Plant in Marawi City. The power plant will be installed in a 30-hectare
industrial land of Marawi City.When completed, the power plant is expected to put an
end to power outages, and power consumers will pay only three pesos per KW
instead of the current rate of six pesos per KW.
Expected Benefits: Increased energy supply for Lanao del Sur at a reduced cost
Estimated Cost:
PhP
4,700,000,000
Sources of funding: PPP

Host Implementing Agencies: LGU, Mendoza Solar Company, DOE, NGCP

13
2.3.3 Pollution control and mitigation

Install Sewerage Treatment Plants (STP) for domestic wastes
Project Name: Design and Build of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Rationale: One of the findings under the comprehensive assessment report and as
per feedback from different stakeholders is the lack of waste water treatment plant
especially in the highly industrialized areas. It is expected that with this project, the
Ranao (Agus) River Basin will have its own Sewage Treatment Plant to treat its
wastewater.
Location: Iligan City
Objective: This project aims to establish a Sewage Treatment Plant in Ranao (Agus)
River Basin in order to treat the wastewater to DENR DAO 35 standard.
The project shall be implemented in three stages:
1. Planning for Sewerage and Wastewater treatment system
a. Site inspection
b. Collection of maps
c. Determination of design parameters
d. Determination of likely sites
e. Determination of different configurations and options
f. Preparation of preliminary drawings for collection pipes
g. Determination of appropriate wastewater treatment system
h. Estimation of costs of different options
i. Preparation of report
2. Complete Design and Build (D&B) of the establishment of STP. It is the
intent of the contract package that all works be apposite to and considers
all the requirements of Ranao (Agus) River Basin in terms of site
investigation and data gathering, design and engineering, permitting and
regulatory compliance, preliminary, temporary and permanent
architectural and structural works, equipment supply and installation,
testing and commissioning, project documentation, turnover, technical
and operational support and functional guarantee and warranty.
3. Maintenance operations
Expected Benefits: Clean water resources and sanitation of communities
Estimated Cost:
PhP 100,000,000
Possible Sources of funding: ODA, DENR


14
Host Implementing Agencies: LGUs, DENR

Establishment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DWATS)
Rationale:
One of the findings under the comprehensive assessment report is the lack of waste
water treatment for areas especially those that feed water to the Lake Lanao. It is
expected that with this project, selected locations within the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin will develop and establish their waste water treatment projects that are
effective and financially feasible. The DWATS approach is seen as an alternative
waste water management in order to avoid issues on huge capital outlay as well as
maintenance operating expenses.
Locations: Municipalities under the Major Rivers (Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig)
Objectives:
1. To assess the financial and economic viability of decentralized
wastewater treatment system (DWATS)
2. To come up with the schemes and options using the DWATS approach
3. To install DWATS in different municipalities
1. Assessment of viability of DWATS approach for waste water management
in the areas near the four river basins that feeds water to the Lake Lanao.
The idea is formulate different schemes and alternatives using DWATS
approach on a case to case basis.
2. Installation of most viable DWATS.
3. Maintenance of installed system
The project will cover the following areas:
a. Ramain River: Ditsaan-Ramain, Bubong, Buadi Puso-Buntong and
Lumba-a-Bayabao
b. Taraka River: Mulondo Taraka and Maguing
c. Gata River: Tambaran and Poona Bayabao
d. Malaig River: Masiu, Lumbatan, Butig
Expected Benefits: Improved quality of water resources and sanitation of
communities
Estimated Cost:
PhP 100,000,000
Possible Sources of funding: ODA, DOH, DENR

Host Implementing Agencies: LGUs, DENR, DOH, NWRB

15
Establishment of Sanitary Landfill

Rationale: One of the findings under the comprehensive assessment report is the
lack of solid waste management facility. It is expected that with this project, the
Ranao (Agus) River Basin will have feasible development plan for the establishment
of a Sanitary Landfill System
Location: Marawi City
Objective: To come up feasible plan for the establishment of Sanitary Landfill
System
This project is for the complete Design and Build (D&B) of the establishment of
Sanitary Landfill. It is the intent of the contract package that all works be apposite to
and considers all the requirements of Ranao (Agus) River Basin in terms of site
investigation and data gathering, determination of landfill design parameters, design
and engineering, permitting and regulatory compliance, preliminary, temporary and
permanent civil works, equipment supply and installation, testing and commissioning,
project documentation, turnover, technical and operational support and functional
guarantee and warranty.
Expected Benefits: Manage solid waste disposal in communities
Estimated Cost: PhP 25,000,000
Possible Sources of funding: ODA, DENR
Host Implementing Agencies: LGUs, DENR
2.3.4 Long-term data collection of water supply
Installation of streamflow gauging stations
Rationale:
Streamflow supplies water for domestic, agriculture, and industrial use; energy for
hydroelectric power generation; transport channels for commerce; dilution and
removal of wastes; and a medium for recreation. Streamflow records provide
information on the available surface water supply and its variability in space and time.
These data are used in the planning and design of water projects, as well as in the
operation and management of such projects after they have been built or activated.
When excessive streamflow occurs, it can cause floods which bring extensive
damage to life and property. Flood events are the basis for the design of bridges,
culverts, dams, flood-control reservoirs, and for flood-warning systems. Measuring
low flows are also important to provide data for local studies of drought and of fish
and wildlife management and protection.

16
Improved management of the river basins water resources is needed to ensure the
equitable distribution of water to competing users. To improve water management, it
is recommend that streamflow gauging station be included in all new water projects
and that existing water projects without one should be retrofitted for water
measurement as soon as possible. The installation of stream gauging stations and
lake level monitoring station should be done in conjunction with weather/climatic data
collection from Agromet station in MSU, Marawi City.
Objectives:
1. To install streamflow gauging stations at various locations within the river
basin
2. To establish long term inflow and outflow records of the lake
3. To establish long term records of lake water level and estimated total storage
4. To periodically monitor river and lake water quality
5. To conduct sedimentation studies
6. To use these records for: (a) improved water resources management, (b)
planning of water related-projects (domestic water supply, reservoir design,
HEP, irrigation, treatment plants, etc.), (c) planning of flood control projects, (d)
planning for climate change mitigation measures, (e) planning for biodiversity
conservation, recreation and transportation activities
Locations:
o
o
o
o
o
Major tributaries: Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig Rivers (a suggested

location is along the stretch of the river between the last stream confluence
and a point in the river not influenced by the highest lake water level)
Agus River (mouth of Lake Lanao)
Each HEP (includes Agus I, which has separate gate from that of Agus River
Separately, the Lake Lanao water level should also be measured at Agus I
Mouth of Agus River (prior to discharge to Iligan Bay)
Agencies:
1. DPWH-BRS for major tributaries and at the mouth of Agus River prior to
outflow to Iligan Bay;
2. DA-NIA for river flows to National and Communal Irrigation Systems;
3. NPC for flows to HEPs and lake water level
*all records of data should be open or freely accessible to everyone, especially
for research studies or future projects for the benefit of the people in the basin
Estimated Cost:
Initial Investment Cost
PhP 2,000,000
Maintenance and Replacement

Medium-term
Long-term
PhP 1,000,000
PhP 2,000,000
TOTAL
PhP 5,000,000*
*Monitoring Shelters and Instruments/Equipment only (excluding structures

where the instruments will be installed)
Possible Sources of Funding: NPC, DPWH, DOST-ASTI, DA-NIA

17
Installation of piezometer wells for groundwater level and quality monitoring

Rationale:
Groundwater is a critical water resource in the river basin. It is important as a source
of domestic water, as well as for irrigation and industrial use. Groundwater also
provides the sustaining baseflow to the rivers and lakes in the river basin. As such, it
is important to determine the groundwater potential as well as the aquifer properties
and safe yield.
As part of the hydrologic cycle, groundwater interacts with the soil and subsurface
geologic minerals and becomes contaminated through natural and human activities.
Inorganic and organic chemical contaminants entering the aquifer system may
contribute to the deterioration of groundwater quality for domestic water. Recognition
of groundwater contamination as a major environmental concern has led to the
necessity of groundwater quality monitoring. This is done through development of
monitoring wells and subsequent collection and analysis of data for selected water
quality parameters.
Objectives:
1. To install and develop dedicated piezometer wells at various location and at
various depths (depending on aquifer layers) in the river basin
2. To establish long term records of hydraulic heads (groundwater levels) so as
to help estimate or establish groundwater potential
3. To provide access to the groundwater system for conducting pumping tests
to determine aquifer hydrologic properties and safe yield
4. To provide access for collection of water samples for water quality
assessment
Locations:
At or near local water district pumping stations
At the downstream side of major residential centers
At selected sites around the lake (these could coincide with the other wells
based on the previous criteria)
At each HEP reservoir
o
o
o
o
Agencies:
LWUA-local water districts
LGU-DOH
NPC
DA-NIA
o
o
o
o
*all records of data should be open or freely accessible to everyone, especially for
research studies or future projects for the benefit of the people in the basin
Estimated Cost:
Initial investment for the well drilling, development and installation, pipes and
covers, shelters, instruments:
PhP 5,000,000
Regular water quality testing (per year):
PhP 1,000,000
TOTAL:
PhP17,000,000

18
Possible Sources of Funding: NPC, LWUA-local water districts, DA-NIA, LGU,

DOH
Siltation Study of Ranao (Agus) River Basin

Rationale:
In the comprehensive assessment report, one of the issues raised was the
sedimentation of the Lake Lanao and Main Rivers. Sedimentation was pointed out as
one of the reasons that leads to the lowering of the capacity of the Lake Lanao and
the lowering of the capacity of the main rivers that leads to flooding. The project is
expected to investigate the stream flow characteristics and sediment concentration in
the major rivers and lake.
Location: Ranao (Agus) River Basin-wide
Objectives:
1. To establish siltation rates in major rivers of the river basin and Lake Lanao
2. To recommend for integrated measures to control and prevent further
siltation
The study will involve investigation of the physical characteristics of the major rivers
in the river basin and Lake Lanao including streamflow characteristics and sediment
concentrations. Sediment transport may be estimated using appropriate modeling
methods.
Expected Benefits:
Improved water quality

Reduced flooding
Estimated Cost:
PhP 8,000,000
Possible Source(s) of Funding: GOP, ODA

Host Implementing Agencies: LGU, DPWH

19
CHAPTER 3 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND

REHABILITATION
3.1
CHALLENGES
The degradation of the watersheds and the various natural resources in the Ranao
(Agus) River Basin has largely been the result of a multitude of unsustainable land
uses and environmentally unsound practices. Traditional farming practices have
been encroaching on sloping lands resulting to soil erosion and siltation of rivers and
other water bodies.
The opening up of forests particularly for agriculture has resulted to the destruction of
wildlife habitats and their food source ultimately leading to the continuous loss of
biodiversity in the area. The continuous employment of traditional farming practices
is also due to the lack of alternative livelihoods for the communities and the lack of
extension efforts to disseminate and encourage the use of appropriate technologies.
The absence of a sewage treatment plant affects the water quality in most of the
wetlands and is suspected to be contaminated with fecal coliform.
3.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.3
To rehabilitate the degraded portions of the watershed
To introduce and implement sustainable farming practices
To create a mechanism for stronger coordination among all stakeholders in
the watershed
To strictly implement all laws and regulations on mining and agricultural land
conversions
STRATEGIES
3.3.1 Forest Rehabilitation and/or Restoration

This strategy will endeavor to enhance the forest cover in the river basin ensuring the
delivery of optimum forest goods and services at the same time maintaining water
yield and ensuring sustainable water supply to serve the various publics and
industries that are dependent on the water resources of the river basin. This strategy
aims to increase water yield, reduce soil loss through erosion, and improve
biodiversity in the river basin.
The rehabilitation and/or restoration of the forests within the river basin shall be done
through reforestation of open lands (grasslands) and the conduct of assisted natural
regeneration activities in secondary forests. In all artificial forest regeneration
endeavours, priority shall be given to the use of native species wherever appropriate,
particularly in restoration initiatives. Rehabilitation and restoration efforts will also
give priority to riparian zones.

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3.3.2 Agroforestry through the Conservation Farming Villages (CFV)

Approach
Agroforestry is a sustainable land-use that has proven to be a potent tool in
increasing the productivity of farms in sloping areas as well as insuring the integrity of
the ecology of the same, particularly the soil and water resources thereat. There are
numerous agroforestry technologies that can very well be applied given the
conditions in the sloping areas of the river basin that have been subjected to nonsustainable farming practices.. The practice of agroforestry in the upland areas of
the river basin will not only promote sustainable farming practices but will also
provide numerous benefits to the farming communities in the said areas.
The strategy to attain this objective calls for the transformation of the said upland
barangays in the river basin to Conservation Farming Villages (CFVs). The CFV is
a modality for enhancing the transfer of conservation farming technologies and
practices in upland areas, and is anchored on participatory planning, monitoring and
evaluation processes at the community level.
Furthermore, it is an in-situ
showcasing of model science and technology-based farms within a model village
where practitioners, farmers, and other stakeholders could observe and have handson experiences in the application of such technologies.
The basic strategy here is to promote the widespread knowledge and adoption of
conservation farming and/or sustainable land management in farms within the areas
covered by the barangay. Specifically, the strategy will encourage the farming
community to practice sustainable land management technologies through science
and technology farming to enhance their productivity and farm efficiency, through
capacity building, the establishment of science and technology (S & T) model farms,
technical support to the community in all aspects of production to utilization and
marketing. The ultimate design is to sustain the adoption of such technologies and
empower the members of the community to continue and improve the conservation
approaches to farming in the upland areas.
3.3.3 Watershed Decision Support System [WaDSS] Interventions
A decision support system enables an integrated and systematic management of a
firms resources with the ultimate objective of sustaining and optimizing operations.
Applied in the context of watershed management, the objective is parallel that of
sustaining and optimizing the goods and services from the watershed. Thus, in the
case of the watershed sites of the river basin, a watershed decision support system
(WaDSS) facilitates decision-making as data and information are made available
both in visual as well as tabular/statistical forms.
WaDSS is proposed to support and enhance watershed planning, assessment,
monitoring and evaluation of the watersheds in the river basin. Moreover, the
decision support system will be useful as a tool for biodiversity conservation,
resource inventory and socio-economic assessment, among others.
The goal of this strategy is to improve the management of the watersheds by
providing an efficient and effective system for data and information flow among the
different river basin units from the field to the central monitoring station and vice
versa. The WaDSS will provide a comprehensive, unified and standard geodatabase
containing the watershed characteristics of the river basin.

21
3.3.4 Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring

The goal of this strategy is to establish additional long-term, GIS-based and dynamic
permanent plots in strategic locations within the known forest corridors in the river
basin. The same can also be used as demonstration sites that would illustrate forest
conservation and on-ground delivery of goods and services through sustainable
forest management. The objectives are to: develop a good biodiversity information
base to aid effective decision making in biodiversity conservation by establishing
additional long-term, GIS-based and dynamic permanent plots in the three elevation
classes; provide demographic information on the individual tree, animal and fungi
species for long term information on forest composition changes, economic value of
forest resources; generate data on underused native species for use in reforestation
or plantation forestry; provide data from undisturbed forest to serve as source of
baseline information for resource managers for a management studies of the forest
ecosystem, and; enhance community participation in flora and fauna conservation in
the river basin.
The strategy will provide the different resource managers , LGUs and other
stakeholders in the river basin, biodiversity data and information of the watershed
enabling them to establish conservation priorities and serve as basis for measuring
changes overtime, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and for setting priorities for
biodiversity resource conservation. The project will also provide the resource
managers in the river basin an understanding of the ecological phenomena, the
gradual changes associated with community
succession, soil development,
changes in population of vertebrates, and the reproduction of long-lived plants, as
well as baseline distribution of species habitat within a particular site to conserve
forest diversity, and promote sustainable use of forest resources.
3.4
PROGRAM AND PROJECT PROFILES
3.4.1 Forest Protection

Rationale:
A forest protected is a forest conserved, so the saying goes. A portion of the Mt.
Kitanglad Natural Forest is within the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. There are also
remaining old growth forests in several parts of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. It is
well known that these remaining patches of forests in the river basin are home to
important wildlife species. Other than serving as habitats and source of food for
wildlife, these forests also provide numerous benefits, physically, ecologically,
emotionally, and spiritually speaking. It is therefore imperative that these forests and
the various resources thereat be protected to sustain the above mentioned benefits
and services.
Objectives: To prevent the destruction of the remaining forest resources inthe river
basin due to destructive biotic and abiotic agents.
Project Location(s):
This project component of the Master Plan shall be implemented in the areas
classified as forest lands in the Draft Agus Watershed Management Framework Plan.

22
Projects/Activities
Rationalizing land uses in protected areas within the river basin
Problems on ingress, informal land squatting, and illegal extraction of forest
resources occur when the boundaries of the protected areas are not well defined and
delineated on the ground. Conflicts in land uses normally arise In the absence of
boundaries that define the particular land uses. There are portions of the Mt.
Kitanglad Natural Park that are within the river basin. As the river basin will be
subjected to a number of uses, it is imperative that the boundaries that separate it
from the rest of the river basin be delineated on the ground. This activity basically
aims for the
Delineation of existing PAs and Proposed protection zones
1. Establishment of buffer zones to surround PAs
2. Identification of open access areas and placing such under specific
management units and schemes
Effective enforcement of laws and regulations on forest protection
1. Participatory protection schemes and monitoring
2. Strengthening the Mt. Kitanglad multi-sectoral and organize similar groups in
other portion of the watershed for forest protection
3. Deputation of community-based organization for forest protection
Estimated Budget Requirement: PhP
96,270,000
Institutional Arrangements and Funding Mechanisms

The DENR and the local government units within the river basin shall be the primary
sources of funds for the implementation of this project. The same shall be the lead
organizations in the efforts to obtain funds from potential external fund sources. The
assistance of development oriented NGOs operating within the river basin shall also
be enlisted.
3.4.2
Forest Rehabilitation and/or Restoration
Rationale
Forest Rehabilitation refers to the re-establishing of the productivity and some, but
not necessarily all, of the plant and animal species originally present. For ecological
or economic reasons the new forest may include species not originally present. In
time, the original forests protective function and ecological services may be reestablished (Lamb and Gilmour, 2003). The rehabilitation works should be gauged in
terms of the ecosystem productivity and services restored and not simply in terms of
the number or height of seedlings or saplings growing, though they are indeed
considered as two of the many indices of rehabilitation. On the other hand forest
restoration is there-establishing of the structure, productivity and species diversity of
the forest originally present. In time, ecological processes and functions will match
those of the original forest. The Society for Ecological Restoration defines it as the
process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged
or destroyed (Lamb and Gilmour, 2003).

23
The forests in the River Basin have been subjected to various forms of resource
extraction, and other forms of exploitation in the past.
The indiscriminate
exploitations have resulted to vast areas of marginal grasslands and shrublands with
very adverse conditions for successful revegetation. The frequent occurrences of
fires coupled with the changing climate have also aggravated the problem. Such
have seriously undermined the ecological balance in the area creating adverse
impacts even on wildlife. There is therefore the need to rehabilitate and/or restore
these areas.
Objectives
This project will endeavor to enhance the forest cover in the river basin ensuring the
delivery of optimum forest goods and services at the same time maintaining water
yield and ensuring sustainable water supply to serve the various publics and
industries that are dependent on the water resources of the river basin. This strategy
aims to increase water yield, reduce soil loss through erosion, and improve
biodiversity in the river basin.
Project Location(s)
This project targets the open and marginal grasslands within the portions of the
natural parks as well as the watersheds within the different municipalities that are
inside the Ranao (Agus) River Basin.
Projects/Activities
The rehabilitation and/or restoration of the forests within the river basin shall be done
through reforestation of open lands (grasslands) and the conduct of assisted natural
regeneration activities in existing secondary forests.
In all artificial forest
regeneration endeavours, priority shall be given to the use of native species
wherever appropriate, particularly in restoration initiatives.
Planting options for increasing biodiversity
The following approaches or methods are options that could be used for increasing
biodiversity in strict protection zone, protection buffer zone, agroforestry production
zone, unlimited production zone, and production buffer zone.
Passive Planting
This is useful when adequate protection could be provided in the site, particularly
from fires and illegal logging. The approach is advantageous when for the
communities which has limited financial resources. The system requires protecting
the area and allowing natural processes to proceed to restore the ecosystem
biodiversity and structure. In the Ranao (Agus) River Basin, it is applicable in
combination with rigid forest protection activities that restricts any disturbance. This
will be highly applicable for the remaining secondary forests because of the source of
reproductive propagules.
Enrichment Planting
In the existing secondary forests, enrichment planting using the indigenous species
could be used. This practice could be employed in gaps or in strips in portions of the

24
Ranao (Agus) River Basin where there is low species density particularly of tree
species. For shade tolerant species, like the dipterocarps, maintaining the canopy of
other species is necessary. However, this should be gradually removed as the
seedlings approaches sapling size.
Scattered tree plantings
The approach involves planting small numbers of scattered, single trees or clumps or
rows of trees. The method is primarily aimed at attracting seed- or fruit-dispersing
fauna into the degraded sites from nearby intact forests. Examples of these species
are those identified in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin as food for birds which are
mainly members of the genus Ficus and other pioneer species (e.g.
Macarangaspp).The idea is to have bird perches, where seedlings eventually
develop below these perch trees. This results in seedling clusters that develop and
grow as bird perches. The clusters expand and the process could continue until the
clumps would merge. The method is inexpensive but the regeneration process
depends highly on the presence of wildlife. With a dependence on wildlife for
propagule dispersal, the multi-LGU/multi-sectoral watershed council should be able
to regulate wildlife poaching. Additionally, seedlings could experience excessive
competition from weeds, thus regular weeding of developing seedlings is necessary.
Closed-spacing plantings using limited number of species
A variation of the above-mentioned approach will be to plant small number of species
capable of attracting seed-dispersing birds using closer spacing. The principle is to
create so-called nurse trees which could better protect through their shade the
young seedlings. The Ficus species, being in the early successional stage would be
capable of growing in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin, are ideal nurse trees.
Alternatively, other pioneer trees like Trema orientalis and Macarangasppcould be
introduced in the site. These species besides its capability of thriving in adverse
sites produces wood that could be locally utilized as lumber. This will create
favorable conditions for the possible arrival of other species, which could enrich the
biodiversity of the site. The approach could be applied in the forest line, protection,
strict protection zones particularly those adjoining the second growth forest. This
option facilitates the colonization of other species brought in by seed-dispersing birds
once the nurse trees are established. It is highly suitable for the sites adjacent to the
second growth forests which can serve as source of propagules and wildlife. Regular
maintenance especially during the early stages of tree development is required since
the birds could bring in weed species.
Intensive ecological reconstruction using dense plantings of many species
This will require the planting of a variety of species to quickly restore biodiversity. In
this case, a combination of fast growing species that could quickly colonize the area
and shade out the weed species could be initially planted. Subsequently, when
adequate shade is produced by these species, shade tolerant climax trees could be
deployed in the site. The nurse trees that could be planted are fast growing exotic
trees. The shade tolerant species could be dipterocarp species that used to grow in
the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. The use of dipterocarp for this planting will be
dependent upon the available planting stocks. The seeds of these species are
notoriously difficult to collect because of their long seed years.
Shorea contorta,
Parashorea malaanonan and Anisoptera thurifera have shorter seed years and so
their seeds could be easier to source out. Shorea almon has longer seed years which

25
is approximately 7 years. Vegetatively propagated stocks could augment the possible

shortage in seeds.
Among the methods previously described, this method potentially has the fastest rate
of biodiversity restoration. It will be a better alternative to natural succession or
regeneration of the area particularly when the source of natural regeneration is
scarce as is the case in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. There are several
disadvantages of this method: (a) slow growth of seedlings and trees due to
competition; (b) incomplete ecological knowledge thus it may be difficult to implement
this method and; (c) it could be expensive due to seed collection and the nursery
works which requires more and diverse species of seedlings.
Planting options for increasing biodiversity and production
Timber Stand Improvement with Enrichment Planting
Dipterocarp and other commercially valuable species were presumed to exist before
in the watershed. There could still be valuable saplings remaining that should be
protected and maintained to achieve optimum growth and eventually produce timber
trees. Vines, lianas, overtopping or excessively competing wolf trees should be
removed to liberate these potential crop trees. In portions of the watershed where
tree density particularly of commercially valuable species is low, enrichment planting
with exotic or indigenous tree species could be made. These could be in gaps or
patches of brushes mixed with the secondary forest. For shaded portions of the site,
the shade-tolerant dipterocarp species will be the recommended species. For more
open and degraded sites, the fast growing exotic trees are recommended because of
their tolerance to more adverse conditions. Thereafter, dipterocarps and other
hardwoods could be underplanted beneath these fast growing species, which will
serve as nurse trees. This option is highly recommended to convert the whole area
to a mixed dipterocarp or hardwood forest, which is the presumed original forest in
the whole watershed. These are valuable timber species and based on available
information, this forest type harbors a variety of floral and faunal species. Thus,
production and biodiversity objectives are adequately met. Bamboos could also be
planted particularly in the protection buffer zones especially the riverine areas.
Kawayangtinik could be used for this purpose.
Agroforestry
This alternative is recommended to engage the active participation of the local
communities as stewards of portions of the watershed. The system involves the
planting of trees, agriculture crops, and shrubs in close association with each other in
a variety of spatial and/or temporal (rotation) arrangements. Livestock production
could also be incorporated. The following agroforestry systems could be employed in
the site: taungya, intercropping, multi-storey, alley cropping, border planting,
sylvopastoral systems.
In the taungya system, agricultural crops are established together with tree crops for
the first 2-3 years. The approach is an incentive for farmers to take care of the trees.
Instead of hiring laborers to perform maintenance work, farmer-cooperators provide
free maintenance of their trees in the early stage of plantation development.
Cassava, beans, corn and other priority crops could be cultivated in between the fast
growing exotic trees. Another form of taungya is large-scale establishment
intercropping. The first approach is simply for single families, but a larger scale

26
approach could be employed when dealing with peoples organizations or

cooperatives or even the case of institutional rehabilitation projects like that of the
LGUs. In less steep areas of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin, this method is highly
applicable. In this scheme, 3-5 rows of agricultural crops could be cultivated
between the rows of trees (the eucalyptus species is recommended in this case due
to its small crown). The multi-storey system which is probably the most elaborate
and complicated approximates the tropical forests in structure and function. The
stratified layer and diverse plant community is the major feature of this approach.
Forest trees together with fruit trees and agricultural crops are planted in
combination. Cassava, pineapple could be planted with coffee, jackfruit and bananas
to form the middle and lower strata, respectively. At the higher storey will be the
forest trees. Alley cropping whether one which uses hedgerows or natural vegetation
strips (NVS) is another alternative agroforestry system. This is applicable even in
steep slopes because of the hedgerows or NVS which can control the erosion.
Double hedgerows (usually leguminous species) or NVS are laid out along the
contour lines to serve as soil arrestors. The NVS is easier and cheaper to establish
and maintain. In between the hedgerows are alleys 3-5 m in width. This is where
agricultural crops could be planted. Border tree planting will simply be the use of
trees to demarcate farms or edge of zones. Any of the premium hardwood species
or fast-growing exotic trees earlier identified could be used. Sylvipastoral system
involves planting of forage crops (either trees or shrubs) for livestock use. Raising of
livestock is an integral part of rural life, thus communities could continue to produce
their livestock but at the same time produce trees or plants for grazing purposes.
Cattle, carabao or goat-raising are possible in the watershed.
The agroforestry approach is obviously a strategy to consider if ever the communities
currently residing in the watershed will be given a major role in the watershed
development and management. The approach integrates the productive, protective
and biodiversity concerns in the watershed.
Monoculture Plantations using indigenous species
Pure plantations are definitely higher in productivity compared to the natural or
second growth forests. However, it is obviously low in biodiversity. A monoculture
plantation could support limited number and kind of organisms. This advantage
could be offset by the use of indigenous species instead of exotic ones. This model
has focus on wood production. The dipterocarps found growing in the area are
candidate species for this monoculture plantation. Additionally other dipterocarps
with wide-ranging adaptability.The main problems that will be encountered in using
indigenous species are the availability of seeds or germplasm and the technologies
for planting stock production and tree/plantation management. For the dipterocarps,
the germplasm availability could be addressed by the use of the non-mist
propagation system. Nursery and tree/plantation technologies are not very exacting
and thus will not be difficult to grow.
On the other hand, for the most degraded sites in the watershed, particularly the
current grassland and brushlands that are proposed as production zones, the use of
exotic tree species is recommended owing to their wide adaptability especially in
adverse sites prevalent in this land use. But as have been repeatedly suggested,
underplanting using dipterocarps is an alternative that could be employed once the
microclimate of the site becomes favorable for the more site-exacting dipterocarps.
Monoculture plantations and buffer strips

27
The biodiversity value of monoculture plantations could be enhanced by embedding

them in a matrix of buffer strips of forest that was restored using the approaches
described earlier. Thus instead of having pure and extensive plantations of single
species, they could be broken up by 10 to 20 m wide forests which could serve as
corridors for wildlife that will further enrich the biodiversity of the site. Additionally,
these buffer strips could also serve as firebreaks as these forests would maintain
high moisture levels. These corridors could also serve as streamside filters which
could enhance the protection of the watershed.
Mosaics of species monocultures
The watershed is also a mosaic of landscapes based on the current land use and
instead of establishing extensive monoculture plantations, mosaics of these
monocultures could be an alternative. Several indigenous and exotic species have
been identified and thus could be planted in the blocks identified as production
zones. This approach can address both the production and conservation concerns in
the watershed. When using the exotic species earlier listed, seeds should be sourced
from improved sources to insure high productivity and quality of trees. Indiscriminate
sourcing of seeds will lead to poor quality and yield which will not contribute to the
improvement of the income status of tree farmers.
Mixed species plantations
The simplicity of monoculture plantations in management, protection, maintenance
and harvesting makes it highly attractive. This is not to mention the higher yield for
the particular species planted. However, it is low in biodiversity (composition,
structure and function). The planting of a mixture of species in plantation form could
offset this apparent weakness. Combining fast growing species with long rotation
trees is a possible option. For example, the fast growing exotics particularly the
leguminous trees could be combined with the shade-demanding dipterocarps. A trial
in grasslands in Nueva Ecija using A. auriculiformis as nurse trees and dipterocarps
as climax species is a pattern that could be emulated.
The success indicators of forest restoration and rehabilitation should be gauged
using the following parameters from the Society of Ecological Restoration:
a. The restored ecosystem contains a characteristic assemblage of the
species that occur in the reference ecosystem and that provide
appropriate community structure.
b. The restored ecosystem consists of indigenous species to the greatest
practicable extent.
c. All functional groups necessary for the continued development and/or
stability of the restored ecosystem are represented or, if they are not, the
missing groups have the potential to colonize by natural means.
d. The physical environment of the restored ecosystem is capable of
sustaining reproducing populations of the species necessary for its
continued stability or development along the desired trajectory.
e. The restored ecosystem apparently functions normally for its ecological
stage of development, and signs of dysfunction are absent.
f. The restored ecosystem is suitably integrated into a larger ecological
matrix or landscape, with which it interacts through abiotic and biotic flows
and exchanges.

28
g. Potential threats to the health and integrity of the restored ecosystem from
the surrounding landscape have been eliminated or reduced as much as
possible.
h. The restored ecosystem is sufficiently resilient to endure the normal
periodic stress events in the local environment that serve to maintain the
integrity of the ecosystem.
Indicative Budget Requirement: PhP
128,360,000

be enlisted.
3.4.3
Project No. 3 Agroforestry through the Conservation Farming Villages

(CFV) Approach
Rationale
Agroforestry is a sustainable land-use that has proven to be a potent tool in
increasing the productivity of farms in sloping areas as well as insuring the integrity of
the ecology of the same, particularly the soil and water resources thereat. There are
numerous agroforestry technologies that can very well be applied given the
conditions in the sloping areas of the river basin that have been subjected to nonsustainable farming practices.. The practice of agroforestry in the upland areas of
the river basin will not only promote sustainable farming practices but will also
provide numerous benefits to the farming communities in the said areas.
The strategy to attain this objective calls for the transformation of the said upland
barangays in the river basin to Conservation Farming Villages (CFVs). The CFV is
a modality for enhancing the transfer of conservation farming technologies and
practices in upland areas, and is anchored on participatory planning, monitoring and
evaluation processes at the community level.
Furthermore, it is an in-situ
showcasing of model science and technology-based farms within a model village
where practitioners, farmers, and other stakeholders could observe and have handson experiences in the application of such technologies.
Objectives
To promote the widespread knowledge and adoption of conservation farming and/or
sustainable land management in farms within the areas covered by the barangays in
the river basin.
Specifically, the strategy will encourage the farming community to practice
sustainable land management technologies through science and technology farming
to enhance their productivity and farm efficiency, through capacity building, the
establishment of science and technology (S & T) model farms, technical support to
the community in all aspects of production to utilization and marketing. The ultimate
design is to sustain the adoption of such technologies and empower the members of

29
the community to continue and improve the conservation approaches to farming in

the upland areas.
Project Location(s)
CFV shall be implemented in the agroforestry and agriculture sub zones as identified
in the Draft Agus Watershed Management Framework Plan.
Projects/Activities
Community organizing, orientation and planning with key players and other
stakeholders
Participatory approaches to problem identification shall be implemented during this
phase. Social preparation activities shall be initiated and orientation on the CFV
strategy shall be done as an integral part of this activity. A rapid systems appraisal
shall be conducted which may include the initial identification of technologies and
approaches that can possibly match the location-specific concerns or problems to
farming determined in the process. There shall be an initial attempt to identify
potential CFV champions among the farmers present during the consultation
process. The RSA at this stage shall include the whole barangay for purposes of
determining drivers to adoption of sustainable farming technologies that maybe
introduced later on through the model farms.
Baseline characterization of candidate farmer volunteers and their potential model
farms
This will include profiling of farms and farmer volunteers, both important to the
participatory farm planning that shall be conducted looking at the potentials of the
farms to technologies that may be adopted. There shall be delineation of the
boundaries of the portions of the farms that shall be transformed into S & T based
farming particularly for very large farms (e.g. more than a hectare in area) as not the
entire farm shall be used for the purpose. Details of other features of the proposed
model farms shall also be surveyed and mapped. All rapid surveys shall be done
using GPS.
Multistakeholder community development planning and model farm planning
A multistakeholder consultation shall be conducted for the purpose of identifying
community sustainability indicators, institutionalization of the conservation farming
practices into the local government (barangay) planning process and CFV
Declaration through a barangay resolution and Sangguniang Bayan resolutions. The
inclusion of the CFV concept and practice in the barangay development planning
process shall be institutionalized.
Capacitating farmer volunteers and community extension volunteers/workers/change
agents
The farmer volunteers (model farmers) together with barangay/municipal extension
workers shall go through a series of training on agroforestry and other sustainable
farming practices. They will also go through other forms of capacity building activities
like cross-farm visits to other areas and interactions with farmers from other localities

30
who have been practicing and promoting agroforestry and other sustainable farming
technologies. These farmer volunteers in turn are to become trainors to the other
farmers in the barangay. This strategy shall target the capacity building of almost all
farmers in the barangay through time.
Establishment of sloping S&T based model farms spearheaded by the model
farmers/ farmer volunteers.
The S&T based model farms will serve as a showcase of package of technologies
that demonstrate the profitability and productivity of the farm components as well as
the importance in combating soil and water degradation problems. Marketing of
agroforestry farm products would be a major concern as this is one area often time
identified by the upland farmers.
The S&T based model farm is a simple process starting with the identification of the
FV farm, identification and assessment of the interventions needed, the testing of the
interventions and the promotion of such to adjacent farms once confidence on the
positive performance of the interventions has been achieved. Supply chain analysis
(SCA) is employed in the identification of the interventions. This means that
interventions will not be limited to the production system of the FV farm, but may
include those related to markets and marketing and other points in the supply chain.
Farmer-volunteers, and later the other farmers with support from the local
government unit shall establish on-farm researches in the demo farms to support the
scientific practices being imparted to the farmers and other interested parties. By
establishing model demonstration S&T based farms, they would be able to show to
the other farmers in the locality as well as those visiting from other areas in the
Philippines the benefits from adapting scientific farming practices/best agricultural
practices.
Possible sustainable farming technologies and practices that may include the
following:
Conservation agriculture technologies utilizing the 3 principles of 1) no

tillage, 2) permanent soil cover, and 3) crop rotation
Alley cropping / use of hedge rows
Sloping agricultural land technologies (SALT 1 4, including livestock
component):
Contour farming
Natural vegetative strips
Contour composting / vermi-composting
Farming systems in the sloping lands (multi-species cropping,
conservation tillage, ground cover, etc)
Pole barriers and other physical barriers such as bench terraces, contour
rock walls, etc
Canals and soil traps
Water-saving technologies/ water management
Nitrogen-fixing trees, silviculture, and improved forage planting
Other Agroforestry technologies
Marketing strategies and livelihood support mechanism

The sustainability of the farms in the CFV shall be guaranteed by a systematic and
organized production and marketing strategies that would encourage the upland

31
farmers to sustain their acquired knowledge through this strategy. Marketing of

farmers produce is a major concern especially in the uplands. Farmers interest
tends to wane when farmers are not assured of market outlets for their products.
Hence, production and marketing linkages shall be established that would remain
stable even beyond the project life. The project would adopt mechanisms, taking off
from available marketing models and systems, for better market/ product matching
with local and farmers resources and capabilities and product demand. This
component also includes roll-over mechanism for financial support for the creation of
livelihood projects for the group of farmers. The role of the LGU in this regard is
deemed critical.
Farming support systems like credit, technical assistance linkages, information/ data
basing, baseline information gathering, and policy support mechanisms
The local government unit shall be proactive in delivering the necessary support to
the community until it is able to come to terms with and solve its own problems and
issues. Individual or farming groups in the barangay shall also be linked to formal and
informal sources of credit facilities. Policy initiatives at the local level (municipal and
barangay) can be looked into to support a more holistic perspective in upland
development. The CFV design includes capacity development of LGU (municipal and
barangay) in project management, IEC development and impact assessment, and
others.
Monitoring and evaluation including project impact assessment
There shall be periodic M&E of the CFV implementation of activities to enhance
governance, to be undertaken in a participatory nature with the LGU as the lead
agency. Regular field visits would be jointly held by stakeholders with experts
providing on-site technical assistance and advice to improve the application of
conservation farming technologies. Impact assessment of the project shall be
conducted mid-tem and at the end of the project. The Community Sustainability
Indicators (CSI) to be developed at the onset of the planning and implementation for
long-term M&E shall be used to ensure that collective action, policies, and relevant
SLM projects are properly being implemented and that target impacts are achieved.
Through enhanced governance, the CFV implementation expects to promote better
formulation of policies at the local level responsive to sustainability criteria.
Indicative Budget:
PhP
138,230,000

be enlisted.
3.4.4
Fire Protection and Control
Rationale
Fires are threats to watershed resources especially when left uncontrolled and
unmanaged. With erratic weather and climatic patterns, exacerbated by the

32
predicted climate change, prolonged droughts, build-up of fuels and improper use of
fires by local communities could all converge in creating an environment favorable for
the occurrence of frequent and destructive forest fires.
In the presence of fire-vulnerable areas and its associated risks in the watershed it
behooves management to plan and manage these fire-prone areas. Resources can
be best allocated to prevent fires or in inevitable situations, how best the problem
could be contained to the lowest possible damage. Preventing and controlling forest
fires is also vital in reducing the carbon emissions to the already C-laden
atmosphere. Fire prevention and control should be a joint venture and collaboration
between the DENR, the local government units, and the communities in the fire
prone areas of the river basin.
Objectives
The purpose of the fire protection project for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin is to
mainstream fire prevention and control activities towards the effective and efficient
decrease or elimination of the destructive impacts of forest fires. Specifically it will:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Evaluate fire hazard and risks conditions in the watershed.

Implement fire hazard reduction strategies
Reduce incidents of wildfire occurrences
Increase capability to control wildfires
Involve local stakeholders in preventing and controlling forest fires
Project Components
The Fire Protection Project covers the broad spectrum of preventing and controlling
wild forest fires. Strategies to evaluate hazards and predict the fire-vulnerable areas
will be carried out to prioritize the protection of these sites during fire season.
Measures to reduce fire hazard by decreasing the amount and flammable character
of fuels will be implemented in fire-prone sites. The project also includes capabilitybuilding component which will enhance the capacity of all the relevant stakeholders
in preventing and controlling forest fires.
Hazard and risk assessment
Evaluation of the fire hazards and risks are vital to beef up the fire protection and
control measures. This will insure adequate preparedness and readiness to respond
even to the worst of conditions. UPLB-CFNR has developed a GIS-aided fire hazard
assessment system. Fire hazard maps were generated for the watersheds using the
following model:
The vegetation refers to the vegetative cover or the current land use pattern which
will determine the kind, quantity and quality of fuels present in the site. This is a
major determinant of fire risks considering that the fuels present in the area is one of
the major elements of the fire triangle. Proximity to farms is another major factor
placed in the prediction equation in view of the fact that many fires (based on
historical data and actual experience) originate from farms and/or grazing lands
which escape from its boundaries. Thirdly, distance to roads in a way contributes to

33
fire risks because many passerby carelessly throw igniting materials like lighted
cigarettes or their easy access to the sites make it vulnerable to mischievous
pranksters or arsonists as indicated by field experience and historical information
about fires. The slope of the area enhances also the burning of fuels, where steeper
slope promotes rapid spread of fire upslope. The aspect is likewise considered as the
drying of fuels is promoted along east-west slopes rather than poleward-facing
slopes. The maps were calibrated to designate highly vulnerable, vulnerable, less
vulnerable sites. Site visits and field validation as well as comparison with the fire
behavior could be made to further refine the maps. The watershed areas were
categorized into three fire hazard zones: low, moderate and high based on the model
above. If more field information could be provided, a more refined fire hazard map
could be generated even up to the barangay level. The fire hazard map will be a
guide to forest manager of the risks of fire particularly during the fire season. The
high risk areas should be secured particularly during the fire season which is usually
the dry months. Practices that could cause fire ignition, e.g. slash and burn
cultivation, land clearing using fire, re-growth of grass for grazing purposes (if any),
etc. should not be allowed during those periods in areas adjacent to the high fire risk
area and high value sites.
Fire hazard reduction system
Build-up of highly flammable fuels in the watershed is another critical concern that
should be properly managed to reduce the probability of fire ignition or cause the
dangerous spread of a wildfire. The following methods could be employed:
prescribed burning, slashing, intercropping, grazing and pressing.
Prescribed burning is applied prior to the start of the fire season, the practice aims to
reduce the fuel build up in particular sites. Controlled burning or prescribed fire is an
effective tool in the elimination of fire hazards for as long as it is imposed on the right
time and at the right place by properly trained and experienced personnel. Prescribed
fire may not be used perpetually. It has to be used only until such time that the fuel
(from grasses) under the plantation has been reduced to the minimum or when it
could no longer carry a lethal fire that will be detrimental to trees.
Based on empirical information, prescribed burning is best carried out at the latter
part of the rainy season, when fires will burn slowly, but may also be practiced during
the dry months as long as experienced personnel will carry out the burning process
and there is adequate provision of fire lines and equipment support to contain the fire
and direct it only to consume the undesirable fuels like grasses thereby reducing the
fuel load.
Slashing is the removal particularly of the Imperata grasses which is one of the most
dangerous fuels in the watershed. Manual cutting could be resorted to in addition to
the suggested prescribed burning as described earlier. Ideally, slashed materials
should be removed to lessen the fuel load, but in cases when this becomes
economically or practically impossible, piling them could be done as it greatly limits
oxygen supply compared to standing grasses. Furthermore, fires from short grasses
will be of less intensity than tall ones.
Grazing could be resorted to when the situation allows but should be prudently
allowed as heavier livestock, e.g. cattle or carabaos could cause soil compaction.

34
Another alternative is pressing also known as lodging or rolling. The grasses are
pressed down and low by rolling or trampling some weights over them. Pressing the
grass by 25 cm high reduces flames to around 50 cm making it more manageable
and easier to control. Among the implements that could be used for lodging are:
wood plank with wooden handles, bamboo with rope handles, logs, or oil drums (with
water inside).
Establishment of Firebreaks
Firebreaks should be established to isolate or shield high value areas in the
watershed from the hazards of fires which is common in the area. Maps of existing
vegetation complemented by the fire hazard prediction system should allow better
decision on where to locate these firebreaks. They could take the form of natural
firebreaks (streams, rivers, rocky grounds and gullies); existing man-made firebreaks
(roads, trails or rice paddies); grazed firebreaks; live firebreaks or greenbreaks;
multipurpose firebreaks; clean firebreaks and; black firebreaks.
An ideal firebreak should be 6 to 10 (or more) m in width and all the flammable
materials removed, preferably leaving only the bare soil. It should be established
prior to the start of the so-called fire season. Another alternative will be to establish
greenbreaks which in contrast to the firebreaks are planted to fire-resistant,
evergreen preferably succulent plants or trees.
These firebreaks are usually
established on ridges. Natural breaks are roads, rivers, streams or creeks. All these
forms of firebreaks should complement each other for maximum protection.
Early fire detection scheme
Fires are easily controlled when detected early than one which is wildly spreading.
During fire seasons (i.e. period where the probability of fire ignition and wild spread is
highest, usually coinciding with the dry months), management should put in place a
system of detecting and verifying fire ignition supported by a reliable communication
system to proper authorities who will promptly mobilize resources in controlling the
fire. Examination and analysis of the meteorological information in the watershed as
well as the fire history will aid management in identifying the fire season including the
peaks of the fire season. This is when the rainfall is at its lowest coupled by very low
humidities.
Detection could include the establishment of look-out towers in strategic locations to
actual foot patrols particularly during the peak of the fire season.
Look-out towers should be in the highest points of the watershed where view of the
watershed is best, i.e. without any hindrance or obstructions to clear view of even the
farthest place. Manning the look-out towers should only be during the most
vulnerable periods.
It should be manned by properly trained personnel
knowledgeable of the different sectors of the watershed. The staff should be
provided with a good map of the sectors in his jurisdiction, binoculars or telescopes
capable of a close view of the farthest point in the area being manned,
communication equipment which could efficiently contact the fire boss and the fire
brigade including community volunteers or PO leaders, when necessary. Scheduling
and shifting is necessary to insure maximum coverage of the area during these
dangerous periods.
Foot patrols could be set-up during the peak of the fire season when practical and if
finances allow. The foot patrols could double as the forest protection agents, in

35
addressing other forest protection concerns like timber poaching and illegal charcoal
making. The foot patrols should be provided with adequate communication
equipment to insure that fire incidents will be immediately reported to concerned
authorities including the community leaders and the fire brigade.
Set up of early warning system

Informing the public and other watershed constituents of the fire danger will alert
them to take part especially in preventing the onset of fires but at the same time
solicit assistance when the need for support to suppress fires arises. This would
include local radio announcements and news, a community billboard and text
brigade schemes to alert people of the fire danger during a particular day. This will
be similar to a weather report, but in this case it will be a fire weather report.
Training on fire prevention and firefighting
Capacity-building is essential to empower firefighters in preventing and controlling
fires. Qualified stakeholders should undergo proper training to insure they are
capable to performing their firefighting job well and with due consideration to their
personal safety.
Trainings should include: extension works for campaigning fire prevention, especially
those focused on communities who use fires as part of their upland agricultural
practices; firefighting and other control practices with emphasis on safety.
Procurement of firefighting equipment
Fire prevention and control measures could be properly executed if firefighters are
adequately provided by appropriate equipment to combat fires.
Basic fire equipment will include: fire swatter, shovel, fire rake, mattock, machete,
hand axe and backpack sprayer. Fire safety gears should also be procured for the
firefighters. When fires are a major and serious problem, water impoundment system
and fire trucks should be made available.
Community-based Fire Prevention and Control
A community-based fire protection system gives the community stakeholders an
important role in protecting the watershed resources. This will include their active
participation in preventing fires especially those using fires as part of their upland
agricultural practices. This will include enacting local/barangay or municipal
ordinances that will regulate the use of fires in the communities. The regulation
should include the following: the permitting system for burning of grazing lands or
kaingin (if any), prescription on the conditions/season when use of fires are allowed
in farms or grazing lands; advance community information especially to adjacent
landowners on the scheduled burnings; adherence to proper prescribed burning
practices (time of year, day, conditions, provision of firebreaks, employment of fire
control support, burning from top to bottom of slope, etc) and penalties for violation of
the ordinances, guidelines and compensation to affected/aggrieved parties due to
escaped fires. Similarly, together with the IEC project, communities can actively
campaign against arsonists to eliminate this destructive practice prevalent in many
upland communities.

36
Community members could also volunteer to be part of the fire brigade in the
watershed.
IEC for fire prevention and control
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Preventing fires is a lot better and
simpler than controlling one. One of the basic approaches is insuring that people in
the watersheds and even those adjacent to it or those visiting the watershed are fully
aware of the hazards and ill effects of forest fires. Furthermore, these people should
also know that they could prevent and help control forest fires and influence other
people in having an acceptable behavior and regard towards the watershed. The
Information, Education and Communication Project should include Fire Prevention
and Control Component. This will include community meetings, film showing, comics
and simple reading brochures or readings easily understood by communities.
Estimated Budget Requirements: PhP
64,180,000

be enlisted.
3.4.5
Regulation of Land Conversion to Agricultural Purposes or Uses
Rationale
The island of Mindanao is home to large tracts of commercial agricultural plantations
whose produce primarily caters to the export market. The Ranao (Agus) River Basin
in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur host some of these
agricultural lands which are being cultivated mainly with pineapple and banana, and
to a certain extent, fruit tree species. The increasing demand in the world market for
these agricultural commodities will likely result to the expansion of farms and other
types of lands in order to increase production to meet the increasing demand. The
Ranao (Agus) River Basin boasts of vast areas of lands suitable for commercial
agricultural production ventures making it a veritable target for the expansion of
pineapple and banana plantations.
Objectives
1. To regulate the conversion of lands to agricultural and industrial purposes
2. To reduce if not, totally do away with wastes from agricultural practices in the
river basin
Project Locations
This project shall focus on the following areas identified in the Draft Agus Watershed
Management Framework Plan namely, the timber production, timber regeneration,
and forest restoration zones.

37
Projects/Activities
Zoning and effective enforcement of laws and regulations
The land uses prescribed in the Agus Watershed Management Framework Plan
should be adhered to and all local government units shall adopt the appropriate
measures to enforce the said land use allocation.
Adoption of appropriate technologies
a. Clustering and setting up of waste treatment facilities
b. Strict imposition of river bank easements
Indicative Budget Requirement: P150,000,000
Fund sources for the implementation of this project shall primarily come from the
local government units within the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. The LGUs shall be
tasked to include the budget in their annual investment plan. Funds for the
introduction of appropriate technologies for addressing the problems brought about
by wastes from commercial farms shall be to the account of the corporate farmers
who are expected to implement environment friendly farming practices.
3.5 RECOMMENDED USE
3.5.1 Criteria
On Elevation
Areas of concern are those above 500 masl that are open forest, under cultivation,
grassland and bare/open. In such cases, the recommended use may include:
protection with enrichment planting, enforcement of strict environmental code,
introduction of Conservation Farming Village (CFV) / agroforestry. Areas that are
closed forest need continued protection.
On Slope
Areas of concern are those above 18% slope including open forest areas regardless
of slope. Built up and cultivated areas above 50% slope also require management
intervention. Possible recommendations may include soil and water conservation
measures, reforestation and/or plantation establishment, CFV/agroforestry,
protection with enrichment planting, and enforcement of strict environmental code.
On Legal Land Classification
Forestlands of the Philippines are occupied by informal settlers in varying degrees
and concentration. Thus, while the minimum expectation is that all forestlands should
be forested, this is not the case (i.e. non-conforming) on the ground. All nonconforming uses should, thus follow protection measures with enrichment planting
where necessary (ie. open forest), CFV/agroforestry and reforestation/plantation as
appropriate.
On Soil Erosion Potential
Erosion-prone areas invariably require conservation measures especially those
estimated to exhibit moderate to severe erosion. Other interventions may include
reforestation and/or plantation establishment, CFV/agroforestry, protection with

38
enrichment planting, and enforcement of strict environmental code including Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) as provided for by law.
3.5.2 Recommendation
The results of the analysis show that more than half (65.2%) requires protection while
32% may need to be devoted to conservation farming village or agroforestry.
Table 3. 1. Recommended uses for Ranao (Agus) River Basin.
Recommended Use
Estimated Area (ha)
Built up areas w/ Strict Environmental Code
1,746
0.9%
CFV/agroforestry
63,543
32.0%
43
0.0%
1,660
0.8%
58
0.0%
129,504
65.2%
1,167
0.6%
979
0.5%
0.0%
Cultivated Annual w/ Soil & water conservation measures

Current Use with DRRM
Strict Management in Place
Protection
Reforestation/plantation/agroforestry
Relocation or strict management in place
Sustainable agriculture
Total
198,709

Map 3. 1. Recommended uses for Ranao (Agus) River Basin.
39

40
CHAPTER 4 BIODIVERSITY AND WETLAND MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM
4.1
KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
The Philippine biodiversity heritage which is now mostly confined in natural forest,
protected areas, and watershed reserve is globally valued because of the very high
species endemism. The Ranao (Agus) River Basin has an area of 105,055 ha or
about 53% considered as key biodiversity areas (KBA). Among the KBAs, the
majestic Lanao Lake together with the scenic 'Sleeping Lady' or the Piagayungan
mountain range which include Mt. Butig, Mt. Ragang, Mt. Makaturing occupy about
half or 98,512 ha of total area of the river basin. Mt. Munai (Tambo) and Salikata
National Park comprise 4,057 ha or 2% and 1,088 ha or 1%, respectively. There are
also other isolated lakes and forests patches, which do not exceed 1% of the total
river basin area. Mt. Piagayungan mountain range holds the most extensive and
relatively unexplored lowland rainforests in Mindanao the whole Island. The
Philippine biodiversity heritage, which is now mostly confined in natural forest,
protected areas, and watershed reserve, is globally valued because of the very high
species endemism.
Biodiversity is crucial to environmental management of a watershed. Biological
inventories using long term permanent plot is one approach in documenting and
monitoring plant diversity and one means of obtaining long-term data on the growth,
mortality, regeneration, dynamics of an ecosystem and in studying the effect of
several ecological phenomena. Data from plots and transects of various sizes and
sampling intensities are widely used in botanical and ecological studies in tropical
forest ecosystems.
Natural ecosystems and their occupants provide us with effective waste disposal,
clean air and water, productive soils, and the control of pests, diseases, floods and
erosion. The importance of biodiversity does not depend on its consumptive uses
alone, its value lies largely on its role in safeguarding the natural ecosystem that
allows the ecosystem to continue to support life. Maintaining healthy natural forest
ecosystems and other types vegetation is essential for a balance ecosystem. Trees
and other plants filter pollutants from the air, provide us with oxygen, and benefit
human health. They prevent water from eroding soils, silting streams and rivers and
flooding adjacent lands. Wildlife corridors and greenbelts help to maintain a diversity
of wildlife and native vegetation.
Wetlands prevent flooding by holding water much like a sponge. By doing so,
wetlands help keep the river levels normal, and filter and purify the surface water.
Wetlands accept water during storms and whenever water levels are high. When
water levels are low, wetlands slowly release water. Unlike most other habitats,
wetlands directly improve other ecosystems. Because of its many cleansing benefits,
wetlands have been compared to kidneys by controlling water flow and cleanse the
system. Wetlands also clean the water by filtering out sedimentation, decomposing
vegetative matter and converting chemicals into usable form. They also provide
nursery areas for fish, and breeding grounds for wildlife, particularly waterbirds and
support a wide variety of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) and form different habitats
and ecosystems.

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Although considered as the most generous ecosystem in terms of benefits, wetlands

do not benefit from any policy or legislation that specifically aims to conserve
wetlands sustainably. Lake Lanao is one of the 18 ancient lakes in the world that
harbor endemic fishes that cannot be found elsewhere in the world and now in
danger of dying (Integrated Lake Basin Situationer 2009) RBCO does recommend,
however, that any wetland policy developed for the Philippines should consider, as a
basis, the significant values of wetlands, and the potential impacts of proposed
activities on these values before any decision to alter any part of the wetland is
made. The mountain range in Ranao (Agus) River Basin harbors rich flora and fauna,
together with Lanao Lake. These, along with other patches of KBAs must be
conserved in order to maintain the ecological integrity of the river basin.
Ecohydrology, a sub-discipline of hydrology, is a concept that can be used to
enhance the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. However, there is a challenge to
use eco-hydrology in protecting the natural ecosystem. Hydro-technical approaches
that are focused on sewage treatment plants and regulation of hydrological
processes such as floods and droughts will never be an effective and sustainable
water management solution without understanding of terrestrial and aquatic biota.
4.2
1. To provide baseline data and information useful for conservation and
promotion of sustainable use of the resources through the establishment of
permanent ecological plots for a long-term biodiversity monitoring and
baseline information for wetland areas;
2. To conduct capacity building on local communities, academic institutions,
government agencies and other stakeholders in undertaking biodiversity
assessment and monitoring and promoting collaborative research and
academic endeavors to manage the ecological plots, biodiversity corridors
and wetland areas;
3. To establish biodiversity corridors that will connect remaining forest patches
in the target areas and Agus River riparian area;
4. To undertake Information and Education Campaign to increase the peoples
awareness and appreciation of biodiversity;
5. To establish Wildlife Rescue Centers in selected strategic localities.
4.3
STRATEGIES
4.3.1 Biodiversity
In order to gather more primary data for flora and fauna in the major subwatershed in
the Ranao (Agus) River Basin and to provide information about undocumented
biodiversity resources/ biodiversity in the problem tree the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Integrated Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Program is hereby proposed.
The program has three (3) project as strategies to generate more data information
and to increase awareness and appreciation in the local communities within and
around the river basin. Biodiversity corridors that will serve as conduits and filters for

42
the movement of animals, plants, materials, and water for the landscape will be
identified, mapped, developed, and manage within the river basin subwatershed and
throughout the length of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. Establishment of
collaboration mechanism. The initial step to be undertaken under this project is the
establishment of collaboration arrangements among neighboring research and
academic institutions, and communities to be involved in the conduct of scientific
study of biodiversity monitoring plots and corridors as affected by climate change and
natural calamities. This will be supported by allowing researchers and technical
people to conduct and gather data in the natural and man-made ecosystem in the
contract watershed. The study will provide relevant data, information, and findings
that will be used by DENR, LGUS and local communities in managing and
conserving biodiversity resources in the site through appropriate policy, implementing
regulations and local ordinances.
4.3.2 Wetland
An inland wetland management plan should be formulated and form part of the CLUP
and FLUP for LGUs endowed with such resources. The general approach to be
employed is for rational balance of water resources utilization, development and
conservation. In the absence of a sewage treatment plant, the water quality in most
of the wetlands is suspected to be contaminated with fecal coliform. It may not be
evident in some water bodies at the moment but eventually will manifest unless the
sanitation of communities around the wetlands is improved. Appropriately designed
sewerage system should be constructed in strategic areas to collect, filter or treat
domestic waste and sewage before draining to water bodies. This should be done in
conjunction with the design of an efficient drainage system. Another concern is
settlement along the riverbanks banks and unregulated extraction of certain
resources in some of the wetlands. This can be addressed through proper zoning,
effective enforcement and capacity building at the household level. To address
riverbank erosion and siltation of rivers, promotion of agroforestry to farmers as a
sustainable land-use is recommended. This has been proven to be highly effective in
increasing farm productivity in sloping areas as preventing soil erosion and
conserving water. All these interventions should conform with the RB masterplan and
seek guidance from the proposed River Basin Management Office.
4.4
PROJECT PROFILES
4.4.1 Biodiversity Management

Ranao (Agus) River Basin Biodiversity Long Term Ecological Assessment &
Monitoring Plots
Rationale:
Biological inventories using permanent plot is one approach in documenting and
monitoring plant diversity and one means of obtaining long-term data on the growth,
mortality, regeneration, dynamics of an ecosystem and in studying the effect of
several ecological phenomena. Data from plots and transects of various sizes and
sampling intensities are widely used in botanical and ecological studies in tropical
and temperate forest ecosystems. The establishment of long term permanent plots
provides baseline distribution of different species, describes habitat in within a
particular site, and provides understanding ecological phenomena, supply data for

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resource managers in biodiversity assessment and monitoring. There is also a

growing need for primary baseline data for the preparation of FLUP, CLUP,
Comprehensive Management Plan and other development protect as well as for
researcher and academic communities.
Data that can be used to monitor
biodiversity, and to gauge changes in biodiversity through time, are therefore
essential.
Location(s):
Agus, Gata, Taraca subwatershed in Mt.Piagayungan Mountain Range; Masiu,;
Ramain in Bubong and Maguing subwatershed
Objectives with Targets:
1. To provide baseline information on the biodiversity species and will serve as
permanent monitoring of plots over time;
2. To standardize record-keeping and biodiversity management information
system;
3. To generate data for understanding of the watershed ecosystem services as
affected by climate change and in response to changing priorities of
government, non-government institutions and private sector; and
4. To establish linkages with international long-term ecological research centers
for collaborative research and funding.
The project shall be implemented in three (3) stages: Short (5 years), Medium
(10 years) and Long-Term (15). The project will be composed of various
components such as the following:
1) Selection and establishment of 2-hectares permanent biodiversity
assessment and monitoring plot;
2) Collection of biodiversity voucher specimen to include herbarium and
faunal specimen for deposition to either DENR or SCUs in the area;
3) Biodiversity survey data gathering and documentation and mapping;
4) Biodiversity data encoding, analysis, processing and data base
management;
5) Formulation of conservation and management activities;
6) Periodic monitoring activities to include mortality, regeneration,
immigration and impacts of natural disturbances such as drought, heavy
rainfall, erosion.
7) Determine resiliency of the biodiversity to climate change; and


44
8) Publication of findings as baseline information to the communities, LGU,

NGOs, academic institution and private sector preferably in both English
and local dialects.
The initial phase is expected to be completed in five years and monitoring and remeasurement in the next 10 years. State universities particularly MSU will be
involved in the proposed projects by providing technical assistance in the conduct of
biodiversity assessment, monitoring and data analysis, and in biodiversity IEC. MSU
will also tap the services of the university researchers, faculty staff, extension
workers and interested students in the conduct of biodiversity assessment and
monitoring. An extension of the project is needed to monitor changes through time for
a longer period of time.
Expected Benefit Impacts:
Within the project life, the proposed Biodiversity Long Term Ecological Monitoring
Research Plots is expected to provide the following overall benefits:
1. Assessment, characterization and monitoring of the biodiversity (flora and
fauna) of Agus, Gata, Masiu, Ramain, and Taraka subwatershed;
2.
Establishment of 2-hectares permanent biodiversity plot for monitoring and

assessment as affected by natural, manmade disturbance;
3.
Periodic measurement, monitoring and assessment of permanent plot for

biodiversity; and
4. Data for the design and development project, programs, conservation

strategies for DENR, LGU (FLUP & CLUP), and other interested institution
and other related agencies.
Possible Source of Funding:
DENR-BMB, WWF, PFTFC, Conservation International, Smithsonian Institution,
WWF, Private-Public Partnership LGUs
Timeline/ Implementation Schedule:
Short Term Plan 5 years (Baselines Data and Processing)
Medium Term Plan 10 Years Monitoring and Re-measurement
Long Term Plan 15 Years Monitoring and Biodiversity Assessment
Host Implementing Agency:
DENR-RBCO-BMB, MSU, LGU, UP, Private companies and individuals
Ranao (Agus)
Management
River
Basin
Biodiversity
Corridors
Development
and
Rationale:
To ensure the continuous movement of plants and animals at Ranao (Agus) River
Basin forested area and river biodiversity corridors is needed to maintain for
connectivity of the area within the watershed, lake, and river system. Such corridors


45
will also control water, soil erosion, water quality, flooding as well as the dispersal of
flora and fauna which requires a wide range of habitat. The designated corridors
should be wide enough to effectively perform the functions of both controlling water
and nutrient flows from the upland to the streams, and facilitating the movement of
upland forest interior animals and plants along the stream system. Some species of
plants and animals may require a well-drained strip above the stream bank.
Location(s): Lake Lanao, Agus River, denuded or marginal/deforested areas of
Agus, Gata, Masiu, Ramain, and Taraka subwatershed, Lake Butig, Sacred Mountain
and Libungan which are initial components of NIPAS.
1. To identify biodiversity corridors in the Lake, river and subwatershed needed
to ensure continuous movement of plants and animals;
2. To rehabilitate, vegetate, maintain and monitor health and condition of the
corridor; and
3. Development plan to ensure protection and continuity of biodiversity corridors
The project shall be implemented in three (3) stages: Short (5 years), Medium (10
years) and Long-Term (15). The project will be composed of various components
such as the following:
1. Survey, determination, identification, and evaluation of biodiversity corridors
in Agus River basin.
2. Biodiversity corridors mapping, data gathering and documentation.
3. Biodiversity corridors data encoding, analysis, processing and data base
management.
4. Formulation of rehabilitation design and other development activities to
ensure connectivity of biodiversity corridors.
5. Implementation/execution of the biodiversity corridors project in coordination
with DENR, LGUs, Communities and other stakeholders.
6. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of the identified river, forest and lake
corridors biodiversity to climate change.
7. Publication of findings as baseline information to the communities, LGU,
NGOs, academic communities, researcher and private sector.
The initial phase is expected to be completed in five (5) years and continuous
maintenance and monitoring for the nest 10 years. An extension is needed to
monitor changes and maintenance time for a longer period of time. Data generated
from the project will be useful for the design and development of project/programs for
funding, conservation strategies for DENR, LGU (FLUP & CLUP), other interested
institution and other related agencies to ensure the continuous perpetuation of
biodiversity in the area.


46

Within the project life, the proposed Ranao (Agus) River Basin Biodiversity Corridors
Development and Management is expected to provide the following overall benefits:
1. To ensure the protection and movement of flora and fauna inside the
forested areas, lakes, and river;
2. To maintain an ideal condition needed by each specific group of plants and
animals;
3. To have a continuous supply of important flora used by the communities;
4. Maintenance of sound ecological system by allowing dispersal and
distribution of biodiversity;
5. As an ecotourism destination for the communities and possible source of
alternative livelihood for the communities surrounding and within Agus-Lake
Lanao Area; and
6. Ensure adequate protection and conservation of the richness of the
biodiversity in the area.
Possible Source of Funding: DENR, WWF, PFTFC, Conservation, WWF, Birdlife
International, Private-Public Partnership LGUs, ADB, World Banks, Conservation
International. SCUs, NPC
Short Term Plan 5 years (Baselines Data and Processing, Design and
Development and Implementation)
Medium Term Plan 10 Years Maintenance and Monitoring
Long Term Plan 15 Years Maintenance and Monitoring
DENR-RBCO-BMB, MSU, LGU, UP, Private companies and private individual.
Ranao River Basin Wildlife Rescue Center

Rationale:
Wildlife Rescue Center rehabilitates injured, sick and orphaned wildlife, i.e, to
include both plants and animals in accordance to R.A. 9147 (Wildlife Conservation
and Protection Act). Confiscated, donated or surrendered wildlife needs to be reared
temporarily until such time that they can be released back to their natural habitat.
Through educational outreach, the Center provides environmental awareness,
promotes a harmonious relationship with native wildlife, and encourages the
community to protect our delicate ecosystems.
Location(s): DENR Regional Office or Marawi State University
1. To save and conserve wildlife protected in a professional manner, and of
benefit to the local communities.
2. To provide for facilities and manpower to facilitate confiscated wild animals
and plants and re-introduction to their habitats.


47
3. To rescue wild animals, maintaining of wild animals which are evidence for
law suits, and rehabilitation of wildlife including plants
4. To conduct programs and trainings. for biodiversity conservation and
management
The project will establish a wildlife rescue facilities with highly trained staff to assist
the government in an effort to rescue and conserve Philippine wildlife and the habitat.
It also aims to encourage and enhance the efforts of law enforcement towards animal
rescue and plant confiscation. The rescue centre will accommodate, train and care
for the confiscated plants and animals from the community which will be released
later on to the wild. Through educational outreach activity, the Center provides
environmental awareness, promotes a harmonious relationship with native wildlife,
and encourages the community to protect our delicate ecosystems.
A center for rescuing of wild animals and confiscated plants and maintaining them
which are evidence for law suits, rehabilitation of wildlife, conservation awareness
and education programs, and wildlife trainings.
To provide facilities and man power to take care of confiscated, captured,
donated or surrendered wild plants and animals and rehabilitate these wildlife
prior to re-introduction to their habitats.
To protect and conserve wild plants and animals to promote the increase in
their numbers in their natural habitats.
Line Agency Budget (DENR), WWF, PFTFC, Conservation, WWF, Birdlife
International, Private-Public Partnership, LGUs, ADB, World Banks,
Conservation International. SCUs, Internal Revenue Allocation to
Municipalities, Funds allocated to LLWPDC, Loans from development banks
(ADB, WB (through DOF-LOGOFIND)Project funds from development
agencies international funding institutions providing grants and soft loans to
Philippine Government (e.g., GTZ, AUSAid, JICA, SIDA, CIDA, other
international NGOs, etc.)
Water use fees from NPC for watershed management
Long Term Plan 15 Rescue Center Construction and Maintenance Operations
Host Implementing Agency: DENR-RBCO-BMB, MSU, LGU, UP
Ranao (Agus)
Communication
River
Basin
Biodiversity
Information
and
Education
Rationale:
IEC is a process of learning that empowers people to make decisions, modify
behaviors, change attitudes and improve their social conditions. Information and
communication materials must be carefully selected to specific audiences to gain
acceptance and cooperation to developmental programs.


48
Location(s): All communities inside the Ranao (Agus) River Basin

1. To enhance awareness of the various programs for the management,
development and maintenance of the watersheds, river system and the lake;
2. Encourage active participation in the conservation of these watersheds.
1. Submit regular press releases to leading national and local newspapers and
publications;
2. Create avenues for radio, television and press interviews and dialogues to
inform the public about the activities being undertaken inside the Ranao
(Agus) River Basin. Arrange with local publications to allow information
officers of EDC a regular column/ opinion box to facilitate communication.
3. Be active in joining professional organizations of journalists, information and
extension officers and collaborate with institutions such as PIA.
4. Production of IEC materials such as:
o Brochure this should be timeless, brochure must be used and
distributed to different clienteles preferably in the local dialects, like
the Maranaos language.
o Posters these should be educational, artistic and can convey the
message.
o Signage as needed; to be conspicuously located and visibly seen.
o Audio visual presentation at least one (1) audio visual
presentation will be produced for various clienteles to cater to local
needs in the communities within and around the river basin.
1. Encouragement of conservation among the communities;
2. Create awareness and appreciation of the people on the significant role of
biological diversity in maintaining the integrity of the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin;
3. Strengthening community partnership;
4. Promote ecotourism as alternate livelihood; and
5. Attract local and international support for funding
Line Agency Budget (DENR), WWF, PFTFC, Conservation, WWF, Birdlife


49
International. SCUs, Internal Revenue Allocation to Municipalities, Funds allocated

to LLWPDC, Loans from development banks (ADB, WB (through DOF-LOGOFIND)
Project funds from development agencies international funding institutions
providing grants and soft loans to Philippine Government (e.g., GTZ, AUSAid,
JICA, SIDA, CIDA, other international NGOs, etc.)

Short Term Plan 5 years (Baselines Data and Processing, Design and
Development and Implementation)
DENR-RBCO-BMB, MSU, LGU, UP, Private companies and private individual
4.4.2 Wetland Management

Establishment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DWATS)
Rationale:
One of the findings under the comprehensive assessment report is the lack of waste
water treatment for areas especially those that feed water to the Lanao Lake. It is
expected that with this project, selected locations within the Ranao River Basin will
develop and establish their waste water treatment projects that are effective and
financially feasible. The DWATS approach is seen as an alternative waste water
management in order to avoid issues on huge capital outlay as well as maintenance
operating expenses.
Locations: Municipalities under the Major Rivers (Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig)
Objectives:
1. To assess the financial and economic viability of decentralized wastewater
treatment system (DWATS)
2. To come up with the schemes and options using the DWATS approach
3. To install DWATS in different municipalities
1. Assessment of viability of DWATS approach for waste water management
in the areas near the four river basins that feeds water to the Lanao Lake.
The idea is formulate different schemes and alternatives using DWATS
approach on a case to case basis.
2. Installation of most viable DWATS.
3. Maintenance of installed system


50
The project will cover the following areas:

a. Ramain River: Ditsaan-Ramain, Bubong, Buadi Puso-Buntong and
Lumba-a-Bayabao
b. Taraka River: Mulondo Taraka and Maguing
c. Gata River: Tambaran and Poona Bayabao
d. Malaig River: Masiu, Lumbatan, Butig
Expected Benefits: Improved quality of water resources and sanitation of
communities
Possible Sources of funding: ODA, DOH, DENR
Host Implementing Agencies: LGUs, DENR, DOH, NWRB
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Wetland Assessment, Development, Management
Project
Rationale
The National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines (2011-2016) promotes and
implements strategies and actions for the conservation and sustainable use of
wetlands, integrating as biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation and
adaptation. Wetlands as delineated and identified in the Ramsar Convention of 2016
wetlands includes lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, wet grasslands, peat lands,
oases, estuaries, deltas, tidal flats, near-shore marine areas, mangroves, coral reefs
and even man-made sites like fish ponds, rice paddies, reservoirs and salt pans.
Wetland acts as a natural filter of sediments from the floodwaters coming from the
uplands, a sanctuary of diverse species of wildlife that are endemic, indigenous,
exotic and migratory animals. It is also a natural water-retaining structure which
helps stabilize groundwater supply in nearby communities. RBCO does recommend,
however, that any wetland policy developed for the Philippines should consider, as a
basis, the significant values of wetlands, and the potential impacts of proposed
activities on these values before any decision to alter any part of the wetland is
made. Many of wetland areas in the country is undocumented specifically in terms of
biodiversity information and values. The same was identified as a major problem in
the Agus River basin that results to over-extraction of resources except Lake Ranao
where a number of research and studies were conducted by a number of researchers
specifically on the biodiversity richness of the area. ADB recognizes the essential
role of watershed and wetland protection. Related initiatives include support for
reforestation programs as well as community based and local approaches to
conservation and rehabilitation.
Location/s: All inland wetland/marshland


51

1. To identify and delineate all wetlands inside the Agus River Basin;
2. To conduct primary data collection to include biological components
(endemic, indigenous, introduced and migratory), physical attributes, policies,
local ordinances pertaining to wetlands;
3. To rehabilitate, vegetate, maintain and monitor health and condition of the
corridor;
4. To formulate development plan to ensure protection and continuity of
wetlands; and,
5. To serve as guide/blueprint to local communities towards development,
management and conservation of wetland areas.
A comprehensive wetland management program that generally involves activities
that can be conducted with, in, and around wetlands, both natural and man-made, to
protect, restore, manipulate, or provide for their functions and values for the
improvement of life in the communities directly and indirectly dependent on the
resource.
Expected Benefits/Impacts
1. Delineation, assessment, physical and biological surveys and mapping of all
wetland areas in the Agus River;
2. Determination of the role, function and current status of all identified
organisms;
3. Formulation of policy, regulations, and management plan to ensure long term
continuity of the services provided by the wetlands, and control measures for
potentially bio-invasive organisms;
4. Recognition of wetlands as vital resource for productive and protective
services in the communities as well as its ecotourism potential ; and
5. A comprehensive development plan to ensure the conservation and utilization
of the wetlands resources;
Estimated Costs: PhP 7,500,000
Possible sources of funding
Line Agency Budget (DENR, BFAR), WWF, PFTFC, Conservation, WWF, Birdlife
International. SCUs, Internal Revenue Allocation to Municipalities, Funds allocated
to LLWPDC, Loans from development banks (ADB, WB (through DOF-LOGOFIND)


52
Project funds from development agencies international funding institutions

providing grants and soft loans to Philippine Government (e.g., GTZ,
AUSAid, JICA, SIDA, CIDA, other international NGOs, etc.)
Host implementing agency: DENR-RBCO-BMB, BFAR, MSU, LGU, UP, Private

companies and private individuals


53
CHAPTER 5 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE

CHANGE ADAPTATION PROGRAM
5.1
CHALLENGES
Development of structural flood mitigation projects that includes construction and

rehabilitation of flood control projects (dikes, dams, flood gates, levees, reservoirs
and flood ways) and construction and maintenance of drainage network systems.
Planning for the creation of changes in the channel conveyance properties in order to
help reduce flood risk by increasing a rivers capacity. This can be achieved in a
number of different ways:
a. Reduction of the hydraulic resistance to flow
b. Increasing the rivers cross-sectional area
c. Increasing the rivers slope through a decrease in length
Non-structural measures, which include monitoring, forecasting and hazard mapping,
are conducted by various government agencies such as the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). DOST has implemented the Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazards (Project NOAH) to advance the countrys preparedness to natural disasters.
Part of the program includes installation of automated rainfall gauges and water level
sensors in strategic locations across the country, and preparing geologic hazard
maps for critical areas using the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey. The
LiDAR technology uses laser scanners mounted on airplanes to produce more
accurate and updated landscape maps. The Project NOAH web portal
(http://noah.dost.gov.ph), provides near real-time rainfall and water level forecast
using the data provided by the installed rainfall and water level gauges. This allows
Project NOAH to warn local authorities about impending flooding and thus, avoid
major casualties.
Another government agency that provides public access to geo-hazard maps across
the country is the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), under the DENR. These
maps, accessible through the Geological Database Information System
(http://gdis.denr.gov.ph/mgbviewer/), provide information about an areas vulnerability
to natural disasters, such as landslides and flooding. The flood susceptibility map
classifies portions of the area or city into low (risk), moderate to high, and flood prone
area. Flood susceptibility maps for Northern Mindanao (Region X) can be viewed at
MGBs web portal.
5.2
Based on the issues and challenges being confronted by the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin, development objectives that will ensure the strategies and interventions are
consistent and contribute to the attainment of the development goals were crafted.
The objective was validated by various stakeholders during a series of consultations
and meetings. The objective is:
To establish a flood-free Ranao River Basin

5.3
54
STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS
To attain the general objectives stated, the following strategies are proposed leading
to potential programs or projects:
5.3.1 Structural Measures
Structural flood mitigation projects should be implemented, including construction
and rehabilitation of flood control projects (i.e. dikes, dams, flood gates, levees,
reservoirs and flood ways), and construction and maintenance of drainage network
systems.
Planning should be done to change channel conveyance properties in order to
increase the rivers capacity and help reduce flood risk. This can be achieved in a
number of different ways:
a. Reduction of the hydraulic resistance to flow
d. Increasing the rivers crosssectional area
e. Increasing the rivers slope through a decrease in length
Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Weather Monitoring Stations

Rationale: Reduction of flood disaster and risks requires careful analysis, planning
and engineering design in the river basin
Location: Marawi City, Iligan City
Objectives:
o To gather hydrologic and hydraulic data
o To validate and calibrate flood and other hydrological models
o To facilitate structural and non-structural flood measures
Description:
Weather monitoring stations include, but not limited to, rainfall and stream gauging
stations. The data gathered from these stations can be used for hydrologic modelling
to assess flooding and available water resources. Flood models can be very useful in
flood loss prevention planning and design of flood control structures.
1. Encourage research in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
2. With good research outcomes, useful policies can be derived
Estimated Cost:
PhP 35,000,000

Host Implementing Agency: RBCO, DOST, DENR

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Establishment of early flood warning system

Rationale: Disaster prevention is better than dealing with incurred damages
Location: Iligan City, Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig
Objectives:
1. To early warn the civilians with incoming probable flood events
2. To reduce flood damages
Description:
In conjunction with the developed flood model of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin and
weather monitoring stations, occurrence of flood can be roughly predicted and with
early warning and flood forecasting system, civilians will be informed and be advised
with preliminary measures depending on the predicted flood level.
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Reduced casualties and flood damages
Estimated Cost:
PhP 25,000,000

Host Implementing Agency: RBCO, DOST, DENR
Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Flood Control Structures
Rationale:
Response on flood events requires coordination between officials, rescuers and
civilians which sometimes takes time and misunderstanding. Flood structures that
automatically responses to weather events would be a good initial response before
the main response on the extreme event.
Location: Iligan City, Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig
Objectives: For quick initial response in case of incoming flood events
Description:
With the advent of fast computers and artificial intelligence, integration of smart
control systems to mechanical structures provides better results than manually
operated structures. And when unexpected events occur, immediate response is
necessary which is difficult to attain if there are no properly constructed action plans.
Smart flood control structures use the advancement in computer technology and
address the problem in immediate disaster response.
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Addresses the delay in response to disaster due to
time consuming decision making
Estimated Cost:
PhP 300,000,000

56
Possible Source(s) of Funding: GOP, ODA, PPP

Host Implementing Agency: DPWH
Channel Improvement which includes Dredging and Bank Stabilization
Rationale:
Overflow near the mouths of the main rivers that contributes water to Lake Lanao is
one of the main reasons of flooding. Increasing the capacity of the rivers by reducing
their roughness through dredging and bank stabilization will decrease the occurrence
of flood.
Location: Mouth of Main Rivers (Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig)
Objectives: To increase the capacity of the main rivers draining water to the Lake
Lanao
Description:
River dredging and bank stabilization increases the capacity of a river by reducing
the roughness of the stream by removing vegetation improperly located in the
stream, or by changing the shape of the streams into an optimized cross section with
minimum roughness possible.
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Lesser flood impact of extreme rainfall events
Estimated Cost:
PhP 150,000,000
Possible Source(s) of Funding: GOP, ODA, PPP

Host Implementing Agency: DPWH
5.3.2 Non-structural Measures
Non-structural measures should also be implemented. These include monitoring,
forecasting, and hazard mapping. These measures are conducted by various
government agencies such as the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). DOST has
implemented the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (Project NOAH) to
advance the countrys preparedness to natural disasters. Part of the program
includes installation of automated rainfall gauges and water level sensors in strategic
locations across the country, and the preparation of geologic hazard maps for critical
areas using the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey. The LiDAR technology
uses laser scanners mounted on airplanes to produce more accurate and updated
landscape maps. The Project NOAH web portal (http://noah.dost.gov.ph), provides
near real-time rainfall and water level forecast using the data provided by the
installed rainfall and water level gauges. This allows Project NOAH to warn local
authorities about impending floods and thus, avoid major casualties.

57
Another government agency that provides public access to geo-hazard maps across
the country is the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) under the DENR. Their
maps, accessible through the Geological Database Information System
(http://gdis.denr.gov.ph/mgbviewer/), provide information about an areas vulnerability
to natural disasters, such as landslides and flooding. The flood susceptibility map
classifies portions of the area or city into low (risk), moderate to high, and flood prone
areas. Flood susceptibility maps for Northern Mindanao (Region X) can be viewed at
MGBs web portal.
Development of High Resolution Flood Model and Flood Hazard Maps of
the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Rationale:
In lessening the flood risks brought by extreme rainfall events, optimized design of
flood control structures is needed. Optimized design of flood structures can be
attained by precise flood model of the river basin.
Location: Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Objectives:
1. To predict of flood level in the river basin in case of extreme rainfall event
2. To facilitate accurate design of structural flood control structures
3. To create flood hazard maps
Description:
The flood model is preferably 2-D flow model since its result as compared to 1-D flow
is more realistic, and should be derived from high resolution DEM which can be
acquired from DREAM. The flood model can be synced in real-time with the data
produced by weather monitoring stations.
Real-time situation of the river basin based on stream water level
Useful in the design of flood control structures
Updatable flood hazard maps
Estimated Cost:
PhP 10,000,000
Possible Source(s) of Funding: GOP, ODA, DENR

Host Implementing Agency: UP DREAM, DENR
Rapid Visual Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Structures in Ranao (Agus)
River Basin
Rationale:
Ranao (Agus) River Basin is near several active faults namely Lanao Fault System
and Mindanao Fault which poses a threat to the lives and infrastructures such as
schools, residential houses, hospitals, bridges, dams and even hydroelectric power

58
plants. Past earthquake occurrences indicate that the an earthquake as high as M

7.5 earthquake had occurred, and if produced by the surrounding faults will bring
catastrophic damages and loss of lives in the region. The possible ground shaking
level in the region is 28% of the gravitational acceleration which may bring moderate
damages in structures.
It is of primary concern of structural engineers to ensure that the structures in the
river basin are studied through a rapid visual seismic vulnerability assessment to
determine which structures are considered vulnerable to structural collapse if a
strong earthquake occurs in the future.
Location: Iligan City and Marawi City
Objectives:
To determine structures which are vulnerable to structural collapse

whenever a strong ground shaking occurs; and,
To provide a strong basis for future dynamic analysis of structures against
earthquakes for retrofitting of existing structures.
Rapid Visual Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Structures involves ocular
inspection of existing structures, followed by evaluating the structures based on the
manual of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) namely FEMA 154. The
project requires information about the soil characteristics of the site and the details of
construction of all the structures. Structures are assessed one at a time, and the
results of the assessment per structure each other.
The project shall be implemented immediately so that a follow up study regarding
structures capability to resist strong ground motions can be performed.
1. Structures identified as vulnerable to strong ground motion can be further
studied to determine the parts of the structure which requires retrofitting.
2. Safety measures such as earthquake drills or immediate evacuation of
people can be done
Estimated Cost:
Php
15,000,000

Host Implementing Agency: DPWH, DOST
Seismic Hazard and Risk Mitigation Planning of Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Rationale:
Because of the presence of faults within the Agus River Basin, faults capable of
producing large earthquakes may bring not only strong ground shaking of the ground,
but may trigger secondary seismic hazards such as landslides, liquefaction and

59
tsunami. The regions where there high susceptibility of liquefaction and tsunami are
those found near the Lake Lanao while landslide prone areas are those with slopes
of the mountains.
Structural collapse can take place whenever an earthquake occurs and can trigger
these secondary hazards. Therefore, proper measures must be done the government
such as earthquake drills and evacuation of residents in area of which high
susceptibility of secondary seismic hazards are located. It is also worthy of note to
estimate the potential losses into infrastructures and agricultural sector whenever an
earthquake occurs.
Location: Iligan City, Marawi City, Ramain, Taraka, Gata and Malaig
Objectives:
o
o
o
To estimate of economic losses and casualties in the river basin

To conduct earthquake drills and other safety measures
To have a long term evacuation plan
Seismic Hazard and Risk Mitigation Planning may involve joint ventures with
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology to train people to be equipped
with the proper measures in case an earthquake occurs. Evacuation plans may be
devised as well by the government to liquefaction, landslide and tsunami prone
areas. Risk analysis can be employed as well based on the manual of Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) namely FEMA 386 to identify regions with
high risks. In the Philippines, PHIVOLCS implement earthquake drills which may
various people in the community on what to do during earthquakes. Also, PHIVOLCS
conducts seminars which teach various disaster managers in a given place on how to
use REDAS software or Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System which can
be used in land use planning for which seismic hazards and risks are incorporated.
The hazards brought by earthquake such as ground shaking, earthquake-induced
landslides, liquefaction and tsunami can be computed.
The project shall be implemented immediately so that people and the government will
be aware of the proper ways of mitigating seismic hazards.
1. Safety measures such as earthquake drills or immediate evacuation of people
can be done.
2. Estimation of economic losses and casualties and identification of regions
with high risks
Estimated Cost:
PhP 20,000,000

Host Implementing Agency: DPWH, DOST

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CHAPTER 6 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Human development pertains to the improvement or strengthening the abilities and
skills of individuals or groups towards increased welfare or betterment of the quality
of life. One important vehicle is through education, both formal and non-formal. In this
case, given the challenges faced by the communities in the River Basin, goals and
objectives have been set. These will be accomplished through the strategies
formulated including the projects and activities identified.
6.1
CHALLENGES
The following are the primary challenges identified based on the assessment of the
socio-economic conditions in the River Basin:
High poverty incidence

Poor health and sanitary condition
High unemployment rate
Land, landuse and other conflicts
lack of people participation or involvement in previous rehabilitation efforts
and the lack of sense of ownership among the stakeholders at the grassroots
level
From an economic standpoint, many ecosystems functions and services (water

services, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, flood regulation function, etc.) provided
by watershed, water resources, and wetlands (including mangrove and coastal
areas) are not valued in monetary terms, making compensation to service providers
difficult. On the other hand, users and beneficiaries of such services enjoy and derive
benefits without making any payment at all. Thus, there is a need to capture the
benefits provided by the ecosystems in the river basin.
There is also a need to view water as an economic commodity that must be
managed efficiently and sustainably, because the current practice of water pricing
does not account for all cost components at an efficient price level. Efficient use and
allocation of water, leading to conservation of water, can be achieved only when its
price is set at an efficient level.
6.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To reduced poverty incidence
To better health/sanitation condition
To reduce land, landuse and other conflicts
To increase people participation or involvement in Ranao (Agus) River Basin
protection and rehabilitation efforts and develop sense of ownership in
development projects
To capture the benefits provided by the ecosystems in Ranao (Agus) River
Basin
To set an efficient water prcing and allocation

61
6.3
STRATEGIES
Cross-cutting strategies include intensive IEC and capability building among the
stakeholders in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin. These modes of increasing
awareness and strengthening capabilities and skills shall be in the form of
seminars/symposia as well as trainings (agricultural and enterprise development) that
would match the above-mentioned objectives.
To lower the incidence of poverty:
Increase agricultural productivity and household income

Generation of employment/livelihood opportunities, both agricultural and
non-agricultural
Improve family planning practices
To improve health and sanitary condition:
Provision of additional potable water system

Additional health facilities/services including sanitary toilets
Better ways of disposing wastes
To lessen land, landuse and other conflicts:
Reduce incidence of land conversion

Minimize encroachment of people in protected areas
To encourage people participation in RB protection and rehabilitation efforts

and develop sense of ownership in these types of projects
Promote environmental stewardship

Enhance sense of ownership of projects
To capture the benefits provided by the ecosystems in the river basin:

This involves the establishment of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) as a
mechanism to capture the benefits derived from users and beneficiaries of the
service and to compensate the service providers so as to continue the provision of
these services. Essentially, PES requires capturing the benefits by conducting
economic valuation of those services to reflect their true value to the economy of the
river basin and the society in general, the results of which could serve as basis in
formulating the PES scheme. For example, this PES can serve as a mechanism
where payments may be made by consumers of ecosystem services such as water
to those who provide watershed protection services. This mechanism is meant to
raise funds to support watershed protection efforts as well as to influence ones
behaviour in the consumption of water.
To set an efficient water pricing and allocation:
Ideally, water pricing should consider using the marginal opportunity cost (MOC)
approach or shadow pricing, which consists of three components: marginal private
cost (MPC), marginal environmental cost (MEC), and marginal user cost (MUC).
However, in reality, only MPC is included as implemented in the rates of the Local
Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), even if they consider this full-cost pricing
already.
Even with the use of full-costing scheme to allocate water, the current pricing scheme
does not even cover the MPC on account of equity and other considerations.

62
Therefore, it is indeed important to review the water pricing system, taking into
account its economic value by incorporating the three components of the marginal
opportunity cost and at the same time applying a tariff scheme that will include the
equity consideration. The MEC and MUC components of the price could be used as
a source of fund to protect and manage the watershed and the associated
ecosystems.
And finally, as part of the cross-cutting capability building, another strategy is:
To build on a science-based economic analysis in decision-making process of
local government units:
Due to their non-market characteristics, environmental costs and benefits are seldom
considered and priced during project planning. This may be addressed by requiring
any enterprise within the river basin to quantify environmental costs during the
enterprise's planning stages. Capacity-building of LGUs should also be done,
particularly in their planning and decision-making skills, to incorporate environmental
costs and benefits in project design and selection.
6.4
PROGRAMS
6.4.1 Capability Building
Training on the Landuse Planning, River Basin Protection, Rehabilitation and

Management
Rationale
With the continuous degradation of the River Basin and the resources therein, there
is a need to for landuse planning, enhanced and strengthened protection,
rehabilitation and management measures. Thus, training on these aspects would
tend to further capacitate the LGU officials as well as recommend
ordinances/resolutions as needed.
Objectives
1. To strengthen the capability of LGU officials on landuse planning, river basin
protection, rehabilitation and management,
2. To come up with ordinances/policies on the improvement of the River Basin
status
Beneficiaries: LGU officials
Capabilities of LGU officials on land use planning, river basin protection,
rehabilitation, and management will be enhanced
River Basin condition will be improved
Source of funding: River Basin Council
Timeline: One year

63
Implementing Agency: RBCO-UP Los Banos

Mainstreaming Science- based Economic Analysis in River Basin Project
Planning and Implementation
Rationale
Due to their non-market characteristics, environmental costs and benefits are seldom
considered and priced during project planning. This can result in selecting projects
that do not yield the highest net benefits. Thus, it is important to build the capacity of
river basin project planners and implementers in applying science-based economic
analysis to ensure that not only the directs costs and benefits are considered in
project design and selection, but also the equally important environmental costs and
benefits.
Objectives:
To develop training modules that will enhance the capacity of project planners
and implementers in science-based economic analysis
To implement training modules
Beneficiaries: Project planners and implementers
This project will include the following activities:
1. Development of various training modules
2. Implementation of training modules
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Enhanced capacity of project planners and
implementers
Estimated Cost: PhP5,000,000
Possible Sources of Funding: DENR-RBCO, ADB, World Bank, FAO, LGU, water
districts, NIA, NWRB, NPC, private institutions
Timeline: Two years
Host Implementing Agency: DENR-RBCO and proposed River Basin Management
Council
Organizational Development and Capacity Building of Existing Womens
Elderly and Youth Groups
Rationale:
Key to successful and sustainable river basin management is the adherence of
programs and projects to gender sensitivity and empowerment principles. Women,
elderly and youth sectors have special roles and stakes over the river basin

64
resources. Providing them space in the management will further encourage their
collective participation in watershed, water, and wetland conservation.
Location:
Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur
Objectives:
to organize women, elderly, and youth groups to become partners in river
basin management
to capacitate existing women, elderly, and youth organizations to become
better partners in river basin management
Organizing and capacity building activities for women, elderly and youth groups will
be done in collaboration with LGUs (particularly DSWD, DepEd, ENRO, Academe),
DENR, civil society groups (such as church-based organizations) and NGOs
increased number of gender-based organizations supporting the river basin
projects
transformed values and perceptions towards river basin conservation
visibility and access of gender-based organizations over river basin planning
and decision-making
Estimated Cost:
PhP 6,000,000
Possible source of funding:
GOP, USAID, DFID, ODA
Mid-term: 6 years
Proposed Implementing Agency: LGU, RB Council, Civil Society and NGOs

Livelihood Development for Marginalized Women, Elderly and Youth Groups
Rationale:
Location:
Objectives:
to conduct livelihood trainings and seminars for women, elderly and youth
to provide small capital for small-business enterprises for women, elderly and
youth organizations
Trainings will be conducted in collaboration between LGUs, DENR, TESDA and DTI.
Majority of the funds will come from GOP. External funds will also be sourced from
agro-industries and private companies corporate social responsibility programs.

65
to increase livelihood and employment opportunities for women, elderly and
youth
to increase local income
Estimated Cost:
PhP 60,000,000
GOP, private companies
Medium-term: 6 years
Proposed Implementing Agency: LGU, RB Council, TESDA, DTI

Agri-enterprise Development for Major Crops in Lanao del Sur (Cassava &
Banana), Lanao del Norte (Coconut & Banana), and North Cotabato (Banana &
Sugarcane)
Rationale
Capacitating the farmers in agri-enterprise would address the issue on low income
in the River Basin. The establishment of agri-enterprise in the communities would
also create employment opportunities for the locals. Increasing income and creating
employment would address the poverty problem in the River Basin.
Objectives
1. To augment productivity and income of farmers in the Ranao River
Basin,
2. To increase employment opportunities in the Ranao River Basin;
Beneficiaries: Farmers, Traders, Consumers
1. Increase productivity of farmers in the RB
2. Increase the income of farmers and entrepreneurs
3. Lessen poverty incidence
4. Improve socio-economic status of the communities in the river basin
5. Reduce conflicts due to poverty
Estimated cost and source of funding
DTI (technology and training):
DOST (technology):
ATI (training):
PhP 1,000,000
PhP 1,000,000
PhP 1,000,000
Timeline: Two years

Implementing Agency: SUC-UPLos Banos

66
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Watershed Management and

Farming in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Objectives:
to assess the impacts of climate variability and extremes on forest-based and
farm-based livelihoods
to develop adaptation strategies for farmers in Ranao (Agus) River basin
to promote a multi-stakeholder approach in the formulation of climate risk
adaptation through participatory approaches and capacity building of and
watershed managers;
to develop risk communication materials
Expected Benefits:
1. increase in awareness and knowledgeable about the impacts of climate
variability and extremes on crop and water yield
2. increase in participation among farmers, LGUs and other stakeholders in
developing adaptation strategies
3. mainstreaming of adaptation strategies in farm plans and local policies
Estimated Cost: PhP 8,000,000 (short term: 3 years)
6.4.2
Information, Education, Communication
Information, Education and Communication Campaign on Gender Roles in RB

Management
Rationale:
Location:
Objectives:
to increase awareness on the roles of women, elderly, and youth
organizations in river basin management
IEC will be done in collaboration with LGUs (particularly DSWD, DepEd, ENRO,
Academe) and DENR
appreciation of the roles of women, elderly, and youth organizations in river
basin management
Estimated Cost:
PhP 3,000,000
GOP

67
Short-term: 3 years
Proposed Implementing Agency: LGU, RB Council, Civil Society and NGOs

Raising Awareness on Health, Family Planning and Sanitary Practices
Rationale
The problem on health and sanitation condition in the River Basin including disposal
of wastes may be minimized through increasing the awareness of the community on
the importance and benefits derived from the improvement of these aspects.
Moreover, the change in perception and attitudes would redound to the possible
transformation of practices which will have positive impact on the River Basin and the
resources therein.
Objectives
1. To increase awareness on the importance of improving health, family
planning and sanitation practices, and
2. To improve perceptions of women on proper disposal of wastes
Beneficiaries: Women
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Improved health, sanitation, including family planning
practices of families within the Ranao River Basin
Estimated cost and source of funding
DOH PhP
500,000
DSWD PhP
500,000
TOTAL:
PhP 1,000,000
Timeline: One year
Implementing Agency: SUC-UP Los Banos
6.4.3 Development of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) Program for the
River Basin
Rationale
Ecosystem functions and services, such as water services, flood regulation, carbon
sequestration, and biodiversity provided by the river basin are not valued in monetary
terms. Because of this, compensation to service providers is difficult and not being
undertaken. A system for Payment for Ecosystem Services can raise these funds to
support watershed protection efforts, as well as to influence ones behaviour in the
consumption of water.
Location: All watersheds within the river basin.
Objectives and outputs
To identify ES prospects and potential buyers of Agus River Basin
To assess the institutional and technical capacity of the institutions involved in
the management of the Agus River Basin

68
To develop appropriate PES agreements

To implement PES agreements
Beneficiaries:
Providers: upland farmers, indigenous peoples, government, national
and international agencies
Buyers: water district, households, irrigation associations, electricity
companies (Agus), water bottling companies/purifying stations, NGOs
This project will include the following activities (adapted from Forest Trend et. al.
2008):
1. Identifying ES prospects and potential buyers
a. Defining, measuring and assessing the ES
b. Determining marketable value
c. Identifying potential buyers who benefit from the service
d. Considering whether to sell as individuals or as a group
2. Assessing institutional and technical capacity
a. Assessing legal, policy, and land ownership context
b. Examining existing rules for PES markets and deals
c. Surveying available PES support services and organizations
3. Structuring agreements
a. Designing management and business plans to provide the ES
that is the focus of the PES deal
b. Reducing transaction costs
c. Reviewing options for payment types
d. Establishing the equity and fairness criteria for evaluating
payment options
e. Selecting contract type
4. Implementing PES agreements
a. Finalizing the PES management plan
b. Verifying PES service delivery and benefits
c. Monitoring and evaluating the dea
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Sustainable financing mechanism for river basin
conservation
Estimated cost and source of funding: PhP 15,000,000
Possible sources of funding: DENR-RBCO, ADB, World Bank, FAO, LGU, water
districts, NIA, NWRB, NPC, private institutions
Timeline:
Activity 1 and 2 = 2 years

Activity 3 = 1 year
Activity 4 = Year 4 onwards
Host Implementing Agency: DENR-RBCO and proposed River Basin Management

Council

70
CHAPTER 7 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RIVER

BASIN GOVERNANCE
7.1
CHALLENGES
There are multi-actor, multi-level, cross-sectoral organizations which have multi-tier

jurisdictional concerns that muddle institutional arrangements. This engenders
confusion, stalemates actions and decisions of the actors. The situation worsens if
actors intervene on their own without due consideration of attendant consequences
to others wherein the commons dilemma is magnified. This especially happens
when there is weak governance and organizational arrangement that coordinates the
panoply of actors.
Among the observed institutional weaknesses in the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
include the following:
a.
Weak information and decision-support systems - absence of RB

characterization, Knowledge Management and Management
Information System or data sets on the river basin
One of the main instruments in designing and implementing a sound RBM

plan is to have valid and credible baseline information both on the technical
and social-cultural aspects of the RB. Shortcomings have been identified in
terms of availability and quality of data sets on RB characterization including
a set of indicators and measures to assess its status. There is difficulty in
securing such data about Ranao (Agus) River Basin characterization and
critical baseline information for sound decision-making, given the limited
access, limited data available and certain questions raised on its veracity.
b.
Absence of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms on the current

and future state of the RB
It is imperative that an M&E system should be in place to provide vital

information for informed decision-making through an iterative process of
planning. This is found to be wanting In the case of Ranao (Agus) River Basin
where M&E data remains with the respective agencies and there is no
centralized database where all information is lodged and made available to
the resource managers. Also lacking are specific M&E indicators to appraise
the state of the RB not to mention the accountability of member local
government units (LGUs) and other stakeholders in the management and
development of the RB. This contributes to the deteriorating river basin value
and gives added pressure on the water environment manifested as pollution
and overabstraction or defined as water availability problems when the
demand for water exceeds its availability during certain period. The EEA
underscores the importance of robust monitoring and assessment towards
informed decision making which serve as critical elements of sound water
management. It further stressed that the cost of monitoring is far lesser than
the cost of inappropriate actions and decisions.

c. Weak Institutional
Functions
Settings
and
Overlapping
Mandates
71
and
According to Key Informant Interviews, there is weak enforcement of policies

and this compounds the situation given the competing uses of the natural
resources within the river basin. Ideally, effective enforcement will mean
better protection of the resources and extraction will be ensured within its
carrying capacities. In this way continued delivery of ecosystems services will
be assured and translate to a better quality of life of the communities and
sustain economic activities. River basin management requires transboundary
institutional cooperation and a robust legal framework as important
prerequisites for a successful integrated river basin management
Based on the assessment, weak institutional settings may be caused by the
lack of accountability among member LGUs, national and regional
government agencies (N/RGAs) and other civil society (CS) groups which
comprise the river basin councils such as the multi-stakeholder Lake Lanao
Watershed Protection and Development Council (LLWPDC). RBOs in the
form of councils are formed and MOUs are signed but accountability by
setting performance targets per stakeholder are wanting and monitoring and
evaluation of the said organization and its targets are ambiguous to date. At
present, a MOU on its fourth reading as of July 18, 2014 was drafted creating
the Agus River Basin Management Council comprising of local government
units, law enforcement agencies, academe, legislators, national and regional
government agencies, religious sector, IP sector, among others. Among the
stated goals of the Council are: 1) urgent need to protect, rehabilitate and
sustainably develop the river basin to further contribute to the economic
development and environmental stability of the entire river basin including
coastal waters of Iligan City and Lanao del Norte; 2) address vulnerability to
flooding as a result of the heavy siltation of the river and threat to human
security and welfare; 3) need for institutional mechanism to address the
rehabilitation, protection and integrated development of Ranao (Agus) River
Basin.
This problem will be exacerbated by an emerging policy direction in the
Ranao (Agus) River Basin known as the Bangsamoro Basic Law which will
cover the major part of the basin specifically the province of Lanao del Sur if
parameters on national wealth and governance mechanisms remain
ambiguous. Such concern is essential and will pose challenges in (1) setting
administrative and institutional arrangements specifically in identifying
performance targets among inter-agency, multi-stakeholder and multi-agency
implementing the RB plan and in (2) monitoring and evaluating the
effectiveness and efficiency of each stakeholder towards the implementation
of the plan.
d.
Inadequate Financing On RB Related Activities
There is inadequate financing for river basin wide initiatives and projects in
Ranao (Agus) River Basin. Member LGUs albeit members of the council are
not provided incentives for adopting and implementing plans contributing to
the betterment of the RB. Currently, technical, infrastructure, organizational
capacity building or technology transfer projects and other RB related projects
are donor driven (large scale but within a specific geographical boundary or
within a specific LGU unit and not necessarily river basin wide in scope);

72
National Government Agency funded ; or public budget fundedfrom the LGU

albeit on a limited scale. There is a need to explore other ways to finance RB
wide projects and programs in a sustainable manner and not be dependent
on a donor-driven, NGA funded or public budget or LGU funded modality as
well as explore other market based instruments.
The environmental costs and benefits across multiple users (industrial,
agricultural, household, etc) are not being imputed in the current water pricing
to ensure the future generations access to the same resource in terms of
quality and quantity is another concern. In Ranao (Agus) River Basin, there is
perceived disproportionate water pricing across LGU jurisdiction within and
outside the river basin jurisdiction specifically the dependent major trading
centers like Iligan City.
e.
Weak Intersectoral Collaboration And Participation
The success of a river basin development program will not be guaranteed,

and ultimately sustained, without appropriate and adequate involvement of
various stakeholders within the river basin. Shared and common vision and
goals among the stakeholders can be achieved through a good participatory
process. In the case of Ranao (Agus) River Basin, the LLWPDC is composed
of multi-stakeholders from government, NGO and other civil society groups
like SALLAM is mandated to meet and deliberate matters regarding Lake
Lanao. Initial assessment shows that the council was formed and yet it rarely
conducts meetings and they have not implemented projects anchored in a
master plan of the RB. Such is the case of most RBOs in the form of councils
in the country and thus there is a need to increase the areas for participation
tied up with legal and target accountabilities of LLWPDC and SALLAM within
an institutional mechanism that is more inclusive.
f.
Political Ecology: Peace and Order Problem and Poor Governance

Issues
Some externalities were also identified as key contributing factor in the

success of RB plans. In the realm of political ecology where we look at
relations between political, economic and social factors with environmental
issues and changes, key concerns within the Ranao (Agus) River Basin are
as follows: degradation or deteriorating value of the RB, conservation and
control over the resource, environmental conflict on ownership and the
emerging issues of power and jurisdiction over the resource.
In Ranao (Agus) River Basin, there is real and perceived peace and order
concern. The Bangsamoro Basic Law paves the way for the areas of conflicts
between the Bangsamoro people and the government. There is poor
governance due to ineffective and inefficient institutions within the geopolitical
areas of the RB.
7.2
OBJECTIVES
1. Creation of an inclusive, viable and functional Ranao (Agus) River Basin

Organization
2. Formulation of processes, systems and procedures towards good river basin
governance with spaces open for participation of stakeholders

7.3
73
STRATEGIES AND PROJECT PROFILES
7.3.1 Institutional/Organizational Development

Setting-up of the River Basin Coordinating Office
Rationale:
The creation of a Council comprised of the key stakeholders in the RB is to allow for
a concerted effort in implementing a master development plan to sustainably
develop, manage, conserve and protect the river basin for the common good of
present and future generations. It will also allow for effectiveness and efficiency in
use of scarce resources. The existing RB Council shall be strengthened and reengineered rather than create a new organization. The current direction of creating a
Council is supported whereby all key stakeholders who are affected or influence
changes through any forms of intervention, as well as those mandated to protect,
develop or conserve the river basin have to be part of the stakeholder group. The
membership has to be balanced to represent all sectors but at the same time limiting
the number of members to those who can make the greatest impact in terms of
achieving the goals of the river basin. Many of the riverbasin Councils established
remain ineffective where goals are not achieved largely because commitments and
efforts have been at a token level and remain on paper only. It is for this reason that
the current RB Council shall be strengthened and re-engineered to make it functional
and responsive to the challenges confronting the RB.
Location:
The RB Coordination Office will be housed in an existing government facility and
should be located in a strategic area. In the interim, a nearby State University or
College in the area may house the said office in a mutually beneficial arrangement as
part of their research and extension function
Proponent and Project Partners:
LGUs, DILG, DENR, DA, DOH, DOST, DPWH, DOE,
Sectorial Representatives, namely: Agricultural farmers, agroindustrial, fisherfolks, household water consumers, institutional water
users, industries
Objectives with targets:
The overall objective of this project is to organize an office that can implement the
goals and objectives of the RB Master plan on a sustained basis.
The specific objectives are:
a) To prepare an operations plan for the RB based on the Master plan;
b) To identify the appropriate organizational structure and its organizational
components;
c) To determine budgetary requirements to implement the operations plan

74
Project Component Activities:

a) Activity 1. Operations Planning
For
the
operations
planning
define
the
organizational
mandate/mission, specific goals, objectives and outcomes.
d) Activity 2. Defining the organizational structure
Following the organizational mandate, goals, objectives and
outcomes, the functional areas are identified and its corresponding
staff/personnel requirement in terms of quantity and competencies,
remuneration package, incentive schemes; human resources
development and management guidelines; operational aspects, rules,
systems and procedures, reporting relationships, communication flow,
and decision making; responsibility and authority of the staff;
identifying support requirements such as office space, equipment,
technology, logistics.
e) Activity 3. Budgetary requirements
The budget is determined for each of the organizational functional
areas and classifying it into personnel cost, maintenance and
operating cost and capital cost. A budget for 15 years should be
prepared broken down into annual budgets.
f)
Activity 4. Work and Financial Planning

A Work and Financial Plan is then prepared, showing the
organizational functional areas or components and activities, outputs
and targets, and their corresponding costs. Provision for inflation
should also be included.
Total Project Estimated Cost and Possible Source of Funding

Table 7. 1 Total Projected Estimated Cost and Possible Source of Funding
Item
Annual Cost
(PhP000)
Personnel
4,615
Cost Over 15
Years
(PhP000)
69,225
MOOE
7,800
117,000
CAPEX
2,255
33,825
TOTAL
14,670
220,050
Source of Funding
Grant, Secondment,
PES, Convergence of Govt Programs, Loan, Cost
Sharing, Presidential Support Fund (PSF)
Grant, PES, Loan, Cost Sharing, Convergence of
Govt Programs, Presidential Support Fund (PSF)
Grant, PES, Loan, Cost Sharing, Convergence of
Govt Programs, Presidential Support Fund (PSF)

75
Expected benefits/impacts
The RB Master plan will have a better chance of being implemented in a more
effective and efficient manner. Good governance shall be promoted because of the
clear delineation of responsibilities and accountabilities.
Success Indicators
Aside from indicators of the respective thematic areas, organizational performance
indicators such as relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, economic, financial viability
shall be monitored
Formulation of procedures and guidelines, methods, tools, systems for RBMO

Project Name: Formulation of procedures and guidelines, methods, tools, systems
for RB governance
Rationale:
The reconstitution of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin Organization necessitates the
establishment of processes, systems and procedures that will ensure successful,
fruitful and beneficial results at individual organizational level and intersectoral level.
Given that the RBO shall be composed of multi-stakeholders whose hierarchical,
sectoral, thematic and issue based interests transect a rule-based, transparent and
predictive governance mechanism of working towards organizational goals and by
implication improvement of quality of life of people, promotion of
ecological/environment integrity given the four functions of the ecosystem is
important. Among others, the development and formulation of such shall be guided
by principles of good governance.
Among the imperatives are the determination of systems and methods that:
..will promote participation of stakeholders through incentive mechanisms for

member LGUs and other RBO representative as they adopt, implement and
put premium on the RB Master Plan. The said plan will be legally binding and
administratively sanctioned to ensure implementation down to the barangay
level. Incentives may be in the form of FISCAL benefits (increased budgetary
allocation, increased revenue from Payment for Ecosystem Services,
increased fund sourcing capabilities from other funding institutions) and
ENVIRONMENTAL sustainable supply of water for multiple uses.
..will ensure transparency and accountability by setting performance targets

and reporting mechanisms for the RBO, LGUs, institutional stakeholders in
common or individual organizational commitments in the implementation of
development interventions in the RB so that the desired river basin wide
effects and impacts. Transboundary cooperation and RB framework should
be the guiding principle among member LGUs and other stakeholders. A
robust legal framework and formal institutional arrangements will have to be
defined to ensure accountability and for further monitoring and evaluation of
the state of the RB.

76
..will ensure equity in water resource pricing in the form of adequate

information on water costs and production from the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin, particularly Agus 1,2, 4,5,6,7 HEP production of the NPC. Likewise the
same should hold true for the Water Districts, Barangay Water Associations.
This will provide necessary input for the development of equitable and fair
water pricing policies that provide adequate incentives for host community
resource owners. An articulated payment for ecosystems services per user
(industrial, residential and government) is suggested.

Objectives:
At the end of year 1 of the Master Plan, a governance framework (processes,

systems and procedures) shall be put in place.
Among others, these may consist of the above concerns together with conflict
resolution mechanisms, fair and rule based processes, systems and
procedures for the duty bearers and for the right bearers.
At the end of the fifth and tenth year, a review process of the above
governance framework and mechanisms shall be done to take account
changes that shall impinge on the implementation dynamics.
At the end of the 15th year, such river basin governance framework and
mechanism is seen as a routinary procedure among the stakeholders
Project Description: The formulation of processes, systems and procedures on river

basin governance mechanisms
Having a governance framework and mechanisms shall ensure a rule-based,
transparent and predictable operation of the RBO, its stakeholders and their
subsequent actions or inactions. These enable both duty bearer and right bearer
mechanisms for addressing various concerns among others establishing fair and
acceptable rules of the game as it where for engaging in activities, projects and
programs that have effects/impacts on the ecosystem.
Timeline/Implementation Schedule:
Table 7. 2. Timeline/Implementation Schedule
ITEM/OUTPUT
Developed Processes, Systems
and Procedures that shall govern
RB
Reviewed PSPs
Short-term
(Year 0-3)
X
Medium-term
(Year 4-6)
Long-term
(Year 7-15)
Institutionalized RB governance
mechanism
Host Implementing Organization: Ranao (Agus) River Basin Organization

77
7.3.2 Capacity Building

Capacity Building for RBCO
Project Name: Organizational Development and CAPacity BUILDing through
Effective Riverbasin management by Strengthening the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Council Organization (OD CAPBUILDERS for RBCO )
Rationale:
The ODCAPBuildERS for RBCO project generally aims to build the capacity and
strengthen the River Basin Management Council including but not limited to the
Executive Committee, Technical Advisory Board and the River Basin Coordination
Office from the regional to the local village level. It further intends to create open
spaces for participation and collaboration between and among stakeholders namely:
LGUs, NGAs, civil society organizations, indigenous peoples, academe, and the
religious sector in and effective, efficient and harmonized manner.
Location:
River Basin Wide coverage and localized capacity building and organizational
development efforts and activities of the RBCO
Objectives:
Specifically the project intends to equip the RBCO with technical (scientific
knowledge, tools and techniques) and non-technical skills (community organizing and
community mobilization) to carry out their functions, role and mandate in ensuring the
implementation of the IRBMP:
Expected Benefits/ Impacts:
An working, efficient and effective RBCO is expected after the said OD
CAPBUILDERS program. Schmeier (2010) underscores the following functions/
competencies of river basin organizations (RBOs) within which the ODCAPBuildERS
project for RBCO will focus on strengthening its capacities in the ff areas:
Organizational function: The organization of meetings of the different

bodies of the RBO, including the preparation of documents and reporting.
Preparatory function: The preparation of strategic documents to be
approved by the decision-making bodies.
Harmonization function: The initiation of harmonization processes, aiming
at aligning water resources policies and laws in the member countries.
Information and data management function: The management of
knowledge, information and data within and beyond the organization.
Organizational monitoring function: The reporting on and monitoring of
activities of the organization and its different bodies.
Member monitoring function: The reporting on and monitoring of activities
of member states towards the implementation of jointly agreed upon
measures.
External relations functions: The maintenance of relations with external
actors with other international organizations or the civil society.

78
Information dissemination function: The distribution of information to the

general public in the basin and beyond.
Budgetary function: The drafting of the RBOs budget for approval by its
decision-making bodies.
Advisory function: The provision of technical and scientific advice to other
bodies and the member states regarding various issues of joint river basin
management.
Project management function: The management, maintenance and
execution of joint projects and programs of the RBO.
Financing function: The acquisition of funding from various sources within
and beyond the basin (possibly including the acquisition of technical
assistance from development partners).
Capacity building function: The establishment of the capacity within the
institution or in its member states through knowledge provision and training
programs.).
Timeline and Implementations Schedule:

Table 7. 3. Timeline/Implementation Schedule.
ITEM/OUTPUT
CAPBUILD for RBCO
IRBMD Framework
Short-term
(Year 0-3)
X
Project Design Management and

Project Budgeting
Project/ Program Financing &
Resource Mobilization
Policy Formulation and Harmonization
Knowledge and MIS for the RB
Characterization
Monitoring and Evaluation System
Media Relations and Public Relations
Project Proposal Writing
Community Relations/ Engagement
and Stakeholder Engagement
Membership in Associations and
Attendance to International Fora in
relation to the RB
Medium-term
(Year 4-6)
Long-term
(Year 7-15)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wide-adoption of IRMBD approach in development plans (CLUPs, FLUPs,
CDPs, etc.) of the LGUs
Adherence of the LGUs and stakeholders to the IRBMD approach and master
plan directives
Technically and socially Equipped RBCO and Working committee
Estimated Costs:
PhP 4,000,000

79
Possible sources of funding

General Appropriations Act (through RBCO, DILG, MinDA, Office of the
President)
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
LGU Funding
NGO and International Financing Institutions
Grants
Capability building on IRBM for LGUs
Project Name: OD CAPBUILDERS for STAKEHOLDERS -Capability-building of
Local Government Units (LGUs) and Stakeholders for the Integrated River Basin
Management and Development (IRBMD)
Rationale:
In line with the strategy of enhancing stakeholder participation, it is relevant to
strengthen the capabilities of LGUs as the governing body over multitude
stakeholders, resource users and natural resources within the river basin in focus.
For an effective implementation of IRBMD, the LGUs, as an integral actor, need to
adapt the IRBMD approach and harmonize and align its plans, programs and other
interventions. In this emerging integrated development approach, LGUs play a major
role in its implementation. This is, not only for the improvement of natural resources
management, but also for convergence with social and governance issues such local
empowerment, good governance, and service delivery, among others.
The local community and the panoply of actors within the river basin are ultimately
the drivers of change. The expected benefits are in the form of tangible and
intangible measures of development. Eventually, a clear sense of ownership,
increased / sustained participation, improved water quality, better RB
characterization and well-coordinated efforts between and among the stakeholders
will be achieved.
Community organizing coupled with scientific based and evidenced based decision
making will be the combined core approaches in managing the river basin at the
macro and micro level. Organizational development of the existing RBO will be
imperative in clarifying the directions, mandate and accountability (through an
incentive and disincentive scheme) of the organization or institution involved. Such
institutional reforms shall be supported by policy reforms to ensure accountability and
transparency of stakeholders and ensure its effective RB implementation at the
grassroots level and promote transboundary enforcement. This will facilitate change
in the organizational culture and structure. These enabling mechanisms will help the
RBO adapt to changing contexts and ensure better coordination and implementation
of projects and programs within the river basin.
Therefore, building local capacities is regarded as an important foundation for
IRBMD. Expansion and development of LGUs capacities, in terms of technical,
technological, skills, etc., are deemed vital for the successful implementation of the
IRBMD.
Several activities are therefore proposed to build their capabilities for the introduction,
to adaptation, up until to the sustenance of the IRBMD approach. Beyond the
appreciation of the approach, this project would also serve as a venue for the LGUs

80
to deeply understand the directions prescribed in the master plan which results in the
mobilization of the stakeholders in the attainment of the visions stipulated in the river
basin master plan.
Location:
2 Provincial Governments (Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte)
31 Municipalities/City Governments in Lanao del Sur (Bacolod Kalawi,
Balindong, Bayang, Binidayan, Buadiposo-Buntong, Bubong, Bumbaran,
Butig, Dapao Lake, Ditsaan-Ramain, Ganassi, Kapai, Lumba-Bayabao,
Lumbatan, Lumbayanague, Madalum, Madamba, Maguing, Marantao,
Marawi City, Masiu, Mulondo, Piagapo, Poona Bayabao, Pualas, Saguiaran,
Sultan Dumalondong, Tagoloan II, Tamparan, Taraka and Tugaya)
8 Municipalities/City Governments in Lanao del Norte (Baloi, Iligan City,
Linamon, Matungao, Munai, Pantao Ragat, Pantar and Tagoloan)
Objectives:
Generally, Build capacities of the LGUs for the effective implementation of
IRBMD projects
Increase appreciation of the stakeholders in the IRBMD approach and
mobilize support and participation for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin master
plan
Identify the organizational and membership profile of the RBO across LGUs
and stakeholders;
Develop an incentive and disincentive scheme among stakeholders (eg
scorecard among LGUs, CSOs, and other stakeholders) in implementing river
basin wide initiatives to promote transparency and accountability
Increase stakeholder participation through active involvement of citizens
especially the marginalized sectors (indigenous peoples, women, fisherfolks
and farmers), civil society in river monitoring, protection, rehabilitation and/or
remediation efforts.
Formulate local policies and river basin wide policies to protect the health of
the river basin and the communities.
Project Description
The beneficiaries of this project target the Local Government Units, particularly the
Local Chief Executives, Planning Officers, etc. As a medium between the
stakeholders, it is expected that LGU interventions will impact the stakeholders
through capacity development such as knowledge, skills and technological
interventions for the on-the-ground management of the river basin.
The design and implementation of this project involves several activities to realize its
objectives. These are presented hereunder:

81
Activities
Assessment of current capacity of the LGUs
As a foundation, capacities of the LGUs must be gauged to appropriate the
interventions needed to facilitate its development. Through this activity, we can
identify and measure the LGUs capacity. Further, we can build on what has initially
been started and invest on areas which need expansion. Through needs
assessment, we could identify lacking and needed capacities, subsequently, we
could provide the priority and necessary capacity development programs for the
LGUs.
Development of programs for strengthening, organizing and capacitating LGUs
Harnessing the information from the initial assessment activity, we could lay down
the needs of the LGUs and translate these to programs for capacity development.
Activities such as trainings, workshops, etc. are effective tools in enhancing
institutional capacity. With appropriate arrangements, these activities are ways to
organize LGUs to have unified action towards goal achievements for the river basin.
Development of program towards harnessing further collaboration between and
among these networks towards adoption of the IRBM framework
The conduct of seminars and public dialogues is advised to tackle the issues and
concerns in the management of the river basin with the institutional actors involved. It
is also a avenue to echo the strategies and methodology used in IRBMD and to
discuss why is it needed in natural resources management. Appreciation of the
IRBMD as a way forward to address the conflicting use of natural resources.
Detailed Activities:
TRAINING ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS for the LGUS, local POs, IP partners and
other civil society organizations including the academe on the following topics:
Introduction to River basin management

Organizational development
Project development and management of RB initiatives
Policy harmonization across LGUs within the river basin
Harnessing Indigenous knowledge systems and practices towards RB
protection
Eco financing and resource mobilization
Environmental and river basin related laws : its enforcement
Knowledge sharing and Monitoring and information system on RB
characterization
Strategic planning evidence based monitoring (use of simulation models for
river management)
Policy development, formulation advocacy and lobbying
Public relations, Information, Education and Communication
Partnership and Network Building (attendance to international and national
conferences, summit)
Climate change and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Pollution management, River Rehabilitation and Protection
Environmental law Enforcement

82
Wide-adoption of IRMBD approach in development plans (CLUPs, FLUPs,
CDPs, etc.) of the LGUs
Adherence of the LGUs and stakeholders to the IRBMD approach and master
plan directives
Possible sources of funding:
President)
Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES)
Cost-Sharing
Timeline/Implementation schedule
Output
Baselining and RB Characterization
Project Development and Program
Management
Information, Education and
Communication campaign
Socio-Economic and Ecological
Profiling and Alignment of
CLUPs/FLUPs and other development
plans in the LGUS in the IRBM plan
Strategic Planning, (Mid-year and Year
End Assessment) 5 year and 10-year
planning.
Network and Partnership Building
Improvement of institutional linkages
(conventions, meetings, etc.)
Harmonization of development plans
Policy Development: Harmonization of
policies and lobbying and advocacy
activities for legislation
Resource Mobilization
Enforcements of Laws : Policy
Dialogue and training
Knowledge, Monitoring and
Information Systems
Short-term
(Year 0-3)
X
X
Medium-term
(Year 4-6)
Long-term
(Year 7-15)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Host implementing agencies

DENR-River Basin Coordinating Office
DILG
LGUs

83
Capacity Development of LGUs on DRR and CCA

Rationale:
Ranao (Agus) River Basin and the 39 municipalities and cities- LGUs within the river
basin are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. If the stakeholders
envision a climate resilient basin as they had stated in their vision statement, such
vision may be realized if the 39 LGUs are going to be also climate resilient. These 39
LGUs are going to be in the forefront of the implementation of laws addressing
concerns related to climate change (RA 9729 also known as Climate Change Act of
2009) and disaster reduction and management (RA 10121 also known as Act to
Strengthen Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System).
This project will contribute greatly to the achievement of the goals of the strategy of
building the capability of stakeholders to plan and undertake climate change
adaptation strategies within the IRBM framework.
Location: The project will cover the 39 cities and municipalities inside the Ranao
(Agus) River Basin
Proponent and Project Partners:
LGUs, DILG, CCC
DENR, DA, DOH, DOST, DPWH, DOE
Objectives with targets:
The overall objective of this project is to strengthen the capacity of 39 local
government units and other stakeholders in mainstreaming climate change concerns
in their development planning.
The specific objectives are:
1. To prepare baseline assessment of the 39 LGUs
2. To conduct vulnerability assessment using NEDA guidelines on VA
3. To undertake GHG assessment
4. To formulate CC adaptation strategies and GHG emission reduction
strategies
5. To provide assistance to LGUs to implement CC adaptation and resiliency
strategies
Project Component Activities:
Activity 1. Assessment of current condition of the 39 municipal and city LGUs in
relation to DRRM and CCA
1)
Resource assessment
socio-economic and ecological profile
natural resources endowment, management regimes
2)
Vulnerability assessment
determine vulnerabilities and
communities, and infrastructure
climate change scenario setting
3)
risks
Environment and natural resources accounting

of
the
ecosystems,

4)
84
determine the monetary value of the goods and services the

ecosystem provide
contribution of the ecosystem services to the local income
Greenhouse gas inventory
Activity 2. Capacity enhancement.

For the capacity enhancement component, the following assistance will be provided
to LGUs: 1) seminar-orientation; 2) policy development; 3) technical component; 4)
popularization of good practices; 5) models development; 6) tools development and
application; 6) early warning system equipage; 7) IEC development; and 8)
communication strategy application.
Activity 3. Formulation of Strategies towards climate resiliency .5 year
1.
Application of climate adaptation and/or mitigation measures:

site development adaptation/mitigation technologies
rehabilitation, protection, conservation, renewable energy
2.
Application of climate change adaptation support services

compensation for engaging in sustainable natural resource
use/management
livelihood and capacity building
3.
Development of the local Climate Change Action Plan

climate-smart plans (CLUPs)
best practices and lessons learned
Activity 4. Financing projects for CCA resiliency 5 years

1. Designing of financing schemes
sustainable financing scheme to support Ecotown
payment for environmental services, cost sharing, PPP (PublicPrivate- Partnership)
In the case of enabling access to financing, the LGUs will be
provided: 1) technical assistance for project development; and
2) disaster preparedness management grant.
Table 7. 5. Total Project Estimated Cost and Possible Source of Funding
Activity
Duration
Assessment of current condition of the

39 municipal and city LGUs in relation
to DRRM and CCA
Capacity enhancement.
Formulation of Strategies
climate resiliency
towards
1 year
3 years
2 years
Cost
Source of funding
(PhP000)
84,000 Grant,
Loan,
Presidential Support
Fund (PSF)
180,000 Grant,
Loan,
Fund (PSF)
78,000 Grant,
Loan,

Activity
Duration
Financing projects for CCA resiliency
6 years
TOTAL
Cost
(PhP000)
85
Source of funding
Fund (PSF)
300,000 Grant,
Loan,
Fund (PSF)
642,000
Expected benefits/impacts
LGUs are able to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
and management in their local development plans
Success Indicators: Number of climate change adaptation projects being
implemented by the LGUs
7.3.3 Policies
Harmonization of Policies along Hierarchal Levels in a River Basin Context
Rationale:
Based on the diagnosis for Ranao (Agus) River Basin, there is a need to harmonize
the policies across sectors at different hierarchal levels (e.g. national, regional,
provincial, municipal) to effect a clear guidance and interpretation of policies in terms
of administrative coverage and hierarchal responsibilities.
Among the policy initiatives to be done are as follows:
RBCO to push for an EO on the creation of River Management Council for

RANAO River Basin (see ANNEX A)
Development of an operational framework on harmonizing policies along
hierarchal chain
o From the top (Congress, Pres. DENR) across sectors to the implementing
units
o Translating Orders (through RBMC Communications unit of the proposed
Council) into operational action plans by line agencies, LGUs and other
implementing units
o Translating plans into programs by LGUs and focal implementing units
Importance of Legal, policy and institutional framework on river basin

It is strategic to have a clear appreciation among stakeholders about the common
policy and institutional framework for the basin. The legal, policy and institutional
framework is composed of various interlinked components. For example, a policy
needs an enabling institutional environment for its formulation and implementation.
The legislation provides the regulatory and fiscal instruments needed to achieve the
policy objectives. The institutions provide the human and technical capacities needed
to operationalize policies and implement activities and programmes related to river
basin policy implementation. Legislation, policies and institutions are related to other
legislation and policies across sectors (agriculture, industry, environment, etc)
regulating the national socio-economic development and translated to regional or

86
river basin actions and are subject to modifications in accordance local needs and
requirements.
Legal framework
Legislation: consists of the aggregation of laws enacted by the legislative authorities,
plus the common laws and customary laws which have been accumulated
respectively through judicial or traditional practice. Legislation provides the legal
instruments which are necessary to put into effect many of the objectives of a policy.
A national legislation can affect both governmental agencies and general public. The
legislation will stipulate the responsibilities of action and the limits of authority of the
governmental agencies. In accordance with national policy changes, many sectors
have developed new laws and codes governing the development of their sectors.
There is a need to keep in mind that legislation regarding land use, zoning,
agricultural and rural development, forestry, taxation, industry, etc. have close
connections with and strong influences within their sector and is affecting the
outcomes of any development plan in an area.
Location/s: Whole River Basin Crosscutting
Objectives:
The main objectives of this initiative are:
Provide clear appreciation of the development thrusts in the basin

Forge among stakeholders a common framework of development
Evolve a venue whereby policy conflicts maybe resolved
Task Description:
This task involves conduct of policy forum and workshops among the different river
basin stakeholders. The forum is envisioned to review and analyze existing policies
that are redundant, obsolete, conflicting, needs amendments that will result to a more
responsive and in tune to the real conditions of the river basin.
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Smoother operations of the river basin in terms of
policy, institutional arrangements and operations
Possible sources of funding: RBCO (DENR), Office of the President
Timeline/Implementation schedule: within 1 year after the Master Plan is approved
and adopted
Host implementing agency: RBCO

87
PROPOSED POLICY HIERARCHY FRAMEWORK

Policy hierarchy framework
A policy is a principle or protocol that guides decisions to achieve rational outcomes.
It is foreseen that the River Basin Management Council operations will greatly be
facilitated with the understanding of policy hierarchy and how they work. Presidential
executive orders and department administrative orders are examples of policy. While
policy guides actions, a law can compel or prohibit individual or societal behaviors. In
the context of this report, policies and laws are interchangeable. As our Republic
Acts take the form of a law, they also provide sectoral policies for us to follow.
Moreover, some policies and guidelines have the effect of a law if the originating law
that they are pursuing has explicitly said so. Thus, there are no clear-cut boundaries
between a policy and a law.
However, there is hierarchy of policies and laws that may help everybody distinguish
which policy is more superior. There are higher order policies that lower order
policies must conform. Understanding the hierarchy of policies would help eliminate
some confusions among enforcers and implementers. By policy hierarchy principle,
conflicts among policies could never happen. It is in the translation and interpretation
of policies where confusion occurs.
In a way, conflicts among policies do occur, not in having conflicting provisions but
mostly in conflict of interests among those subjects served by the policy. Because of
clash of values and interests, there is a need view conflicts as a way of unifying
stakeholders through dialogues and constant communication with the aim of focusing
and working on complementation.
The figure below indicates the hierarchy of policies according to originating authority.
Thus policies with seemingly conflicting provisions must be compared with similarly
ranked policies across sectors. If there are indeed inconsistent provisions within the
same rank, the latest one will prevail. Policy conflicts within the same rank but
originating from different co-equal agencies shall be resolved through the principle of
logical sectoral base (e.g., forestry matters - DENR, fisheries matter DA, energy
matters DOE, etc.) following the mother laws governing such matters. Another
principle is to work first on the aspect of policy complementation in the operational
level among stakeholders so that there could be strong points of agreement among
them. Other problematic inconsistent policies within same policy level can be
resolved (as last resort) by a higher order policy harmonizing the inconsistencies or
vagueness among lower-ranked policies.

88
the supreme law of the land where all other laws

emanate and are based
the statutes of the land enacted by Congress or its

equivalents, and interpreted by the supreme court
whose decisions also become part of the law of the
land, also includes international treaties
executive policies pursuant to the Constitution or a
Law directing executive branches of the
government and its instrumentalities to perform
certain actions
executive policies pursuant to a Law or presidential
order directing offices under it to perform certain
actions and are national in scope
Pursuant to higher orders that are national in
scope directing offices under it to perform certain
actions. May also include policies of other regional
bodies like watershed or river basin councils with
participation and concurrence of concerned LGUs
Orders by provincial authorities (Sangunian)

directing offices under it to perform certain
actions. Supplement higher order laws and are
provincia in scope
Orders by city or minicipal authorities (Sangunian)
directing offices under it to perform certain actions
Supplement higher order laws nt higher order
Orders by barangay authorities (Sangunian)
directing offices under it to perform certain actions
Supplement higher order laws
Figure 7. 1. Hierarchy of policies or laws in order of authority.

Issuance of Executive Order creating the Ranao River Basin Council
Rationale
There is a need for an enabling EO to engage cooperation among different
stakeholders and government instrumentalities in the River Basin, to define the
scope and authority of the council and the legal basis for allocating funds and
identifying government agencies to cause the creation of the Council.

89
Location/s: Whole River Basin Crosscutting

Objectives:
1. To present the draft EO to the different stakeholders of the river basin for
consultation and further refinement;
2. To submit the EO for the Presidents approval; and
3. To implement the Executive Order
Task Description:
This task involves drafting an Executive Order (Annex B) to organize various
stakeholders and government entities in the Ranao River Basin into effective
collaborative units that are unified by common goals and perspective with regards to
river basin development. A proposed EO has been drafted to hasten the start of
stakeholders consultation. The details of the proposed organizational structure and
functions are spelled out in the Institutional Arrangements section.
Table 7. 6. RBMC Creation through an EO
ACTIVITIES
Consultation on the Draft EO
Submission to the Office of the
President, review, final EO draft
Issuance of EO
IEC, Organizational Setup, Manning
MILESTONE
Final Draft
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Expected Benefits/Impacts: Institutionalized River Basin Council

Possible sources of funding: RBCO (DENR), Office of the President
Timeline/Implementation schedule: within 1 year after the Master Plan is approved
and adopted
Host implementing agency: RBCO
7.3.4 Information, Education, and Communication for RB
Project Name: Information Education Communication for Stakeholders in the Ranao
(Agus) River Basin Council Organization
Rationale:
The value of the river basin to community life and its various stakeholders is of
paramount importance as a strategy. There is a low level of awareness regarding the
current state of the River basin albeit there are past and existing efforts to push this
advocacy to the general public. As cited from Castillo et.al. (2013), the community
IEC shall focus on increasing the level of awareness of the community on the
significance of the river basin over and the ecosystem services it provides to the
public. The primary context of the development of IEC materials and events will raise

90
consciousness on the economic, social, cultural and ecological value of the river
basin at present and the future. This project shall work in tandem with the capacity
building component for the stakeholders.
Sustained Information, Education Communication (IEC) or community education
efforts will be employed and implemented in conjunction with the ODCAPBuilders
project. The following will form part of the capacity enhancement efforts.
Objectives
The community education and IEC component aims to address the knowledge,
attitudes and practices of the stakeholders in the river basin. These may include but
not limited to agricultural sector, policy makers, mining sector, power generation
sector, fisherfolks and farmers, women and children, regulatory agencies, and the
RBCO as an organization at the forefront of all this efforts. Specifically,
Increase stakeholder awareness on the state of the river basin

Increase stakeholder participation on clean-up or remediation activities of the
river basin
Aid sectors in learning and adopting necessary interventions to improve the
state of the river basin
Assist policy makers in developing and institutionalizing policies and reforms
to address the degrading state of the river basin
Detailed Activities:
1. COMMUNITY EDUCATION PLAN and INFORMATION, EDUCATION, and
COMMUNICATION Plan
2. COMMUNITY (LGU/ NGO/SCHOOL BASED) FORA on the State of the
River Basin
3. RIVER BASIN SUMMIT on the State fo the River Basin wide with
Stakeholders : (eg water quality biodiversity and water pollution)
4. STRATEGIC PLANNING & MIDYEAR and ANNUAL and BIANNUAL
PROGRESS REPORT and RB ASSESSMENT of the RBO advisory and
technical council and working committee
Timeline/Implementation Schedule:
ITEM/OUTPUT
CAPBUILD for RBCO
Planning of Communication Plan per locality
Gather data for the community
education and IEC component
Draft communication plan
Development and production of IEC Materials
Short-term
(Year 0-3)
X
Medium-term
(Year 4-6)
X
Long-term
(Year 7-15)
X
Implementation of IEC Activities

Conduct of Annual or periodic IEC
events and activities
Annual River BASIN Summit or
Festival
Community and School Hops and For

ITEM/OUTPUT
CAPBUILD for RBCO
a(advocacy for the River Basin)
Monitoring and evaluation of IEC Materials
Editing and packaging of annual project
reports including development of River-basin
learning documents
91
Short-term
(Year 0-3)
Medium-term
(Year 4-6)
Long-term
(Year 7-15)
X
X
Community education on the importance of the River basin
Increased awareness on the role of the river basin in community life
Possible sources of funding:
President)
LGU Funding
NGO and International Financing Institutions

92
CHAPTER 8 INVESTMENT PLAN

The investment plan presents the indicative financial requirements to implement the
proposed programs and projects identified to address the issues and challenges
confronting Ranao (Agus) River Basins sustainability. These programs and projects
are categorized under each management and development strategy in different
thematic components based on the assessment findings and in consultation with the
various stakeholders of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin.
All the proposed programs and projects for Ranao (Agus) River Basin are
summarized in Table 1 and the detailed listing of specific projects indicating location,
possible funding sources, and implementing agencies is given in Table 8.1. The total
funding requirement for Ranao (Agus) River Basin Management and Development is
estimated at approximately PhP18.96 billion over a 15-year period. Of this total cost,
about PhP16.7 billion or 87.9% is allocated for the Water Resources Management
Program consisting of programs and projects intended for agriculture, energy
development, pollution control and mitigation, and for long-term data collection of
water resources. The Watershed Management Program has a total cost of
approximately PhP611million, which is about 3.2% of the total cost for projects
identified under biodiversity and watershed management programs.
The Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Program would require about
PhP1.2 billion or 6.3% of the overall cost to implement the following specific projects:
(1) Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Weather Monitoring Stations; (2)
Establishment of early flood warning system; (3) Construction, Operation and
Maintenance of Smart Flood Control Structures; (4) Channel Improvement includes
Dredging and Bank Stabilization; (5) Development of High Resolution Flood Model
and Flood Hazard Maps of the Ranao River Basin; (6) Capacity development of
LGUs on DRR and CCA; (7) Rapid Visual Vulnerability Assessment of Structures;
and (8) Seismic Hazard and Risk Mitigation Planning.
On the other hand, the Wetland Resources Management Program is designed for
projects such as the (1) Establishment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
System (DWATS); and (2) Ranao (Agus) River Basin Wetland Assessment,
Development, Management Protection Project. The total cost for all these projects is
estimated at around PHP107.5 million, which is about 0.57% of the overall cost.
A number of identified programs and projects are addressing the issues and
challenges in various sectors or components of the River Basin. All these programs
and projects are categorized under the Cross-Cutting Programs. The specific
projects proposed under this program comprised about 2% of the overall cost for a
total of about PhP378 million.
All the cost figures above are totals for the 15-year planning period. It is important to
know how these costs are worth at present. Assuming a uniform distribution of cost
within the short term, medium term and long term programs and projects, and using

93
a 15% discount rate as mandated by NEDA for all government projects, the
estimated overall total cost of programs and projects for Ranao (Agus) River Basin in
present value terms is about PhP13.8 billion. This is broken down into various
programs as follows: (1) Water Resources Management Program (PhP12.6 billion);
(2) Watershed Management Program (PhP248.9 million); (3) Wetland Resources
Management Program (PhP85.1 million); (4) Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Program (PhP707.41 million); and (5) Cross-Cutting Programs (PhP193.4
million).

94
Table 8. 1. Summary of Investment Plan

Estimated Cost (PhP)
Programs/Projects
WATER PROGRAM
Agriculture
Strategic Irrigation Development for the Ranao River Basin
(STRIDE)
Energy development
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
14,552,850,000
4,250,000
Medium
Term
(Year 4-6)
528,350,000
522,750,000
87.90
11.05
PV
('000 PhP
@ r=15%)
12,572,375
624,369
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
1,583,300,000 16,664,500,000
1,567,500,000
2,094,500,000
4,250,000
522,750,000
1,567,500,000
2,094,500,000
11.05
624,369
Total
Percent
14,300,000,000 -
14,300,000,000
75.00
11,737,530
Support the Agus3 Hydroelectric Power Project
9,600,000,000 -
9,600,000,000
50.64
7,879,740
Support the 35MW Solar Power Project

Pollution control and mitigation
Design and Build Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) for domestic
wastes
Establishment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System
(DWATS)
4,700,000,000 225,000,000 -
4,700,000,000
225,000,000
24.79
1.2
3,857,790
184,681
100,000,000 -
100,000,000
0.53
82,081
100,000,000 -
100,000,000
0.53
82,081

Long-term data collection of water resources
Installation of gauging stations in major tributaries
Installation of piezometer wells for groundwater level and
quality monitoring
Siltation Study of Ranao (Agus) River Basin
25,000,000 23,600,000
2,000,000
5,000,000
1,600,000
5,600,000
1,000,000
15,800,000
2,000,000
25,000,000
45,000,000
5,000,000
0.13
0.2
0.03
20,520
25,795
2,600
3,000,000
1,600,000
9,000,000
4,800,000
17,000,000
8,000,000
0.09
0.04
7,668
3,214

95

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Estimation of the demand for and supply of improved water

and sanitation services
WATERSHED PROGRAM
Biodiversity
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Biodiversity Long Term Ecological
Assessment & Monitoring Plots
Ranao (Agus) Biodiversity Corridors Development and
Management
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Wildlife Rescue Center
Watershed
Forest Protection
Agroforestry through the Conservation Farming Villages (CFV)
Approach
Forest plantations, Fire Protection and Control
Regulation of Land Conversion to Agricultural Purposes or Uses
WETLAND PROGRAM
Establishment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System
(DWATS)
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Wetland Assessment, Development,
Management Project
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION PROGRAM
Medium
Term
(Year 4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
15,000,000 127,908,000 122,408,000

360,724,000
12,500,000
7,000,000
14,500,000
Total
Percent
PV
('000 PhP
@ r=15%)
15,000,000
611,040,000
34,000,000
0.08
3.22
0.18
12,312
248,924
17,087
2,500,000
1,500,000
6,000,000
10,000,000
0.05
4,178
5,000,000
5,000,000
115,408,000
19,254,000
25,672,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
115,408,000
19,254,000
25,672,000
6,500,000
2,000,000
346,224,000
57,762,000
77,016,000
14,000,000
10,000,000
577,040,000
96,270,000
128,360,000
0.07
0.05
3.0
0.51
0.68
6,845
6,064
231,838
38,678
51,571
27,646,000
12,836,000
30,000,000
101,500,000
27,646,000
12,836,000
30,000,000
1,500,000
82,938,000
38,508,000
90,000,000
4,500,000
138,230,000
64,180,000
150,000,000
107,500,000
0.73
0.34
0.79
0.57
55,537
25,786
60,266
85,094
100,000,000
0.53
82,081
7,500,000
0.04
3,013
1,197,000,000
6.31
707,413
100,000,000 1,500,000
1,500,000 4,500,000
732,000,000 -
465,000,000

96

Programs/Projects
Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Weather
Monitoring Stations
Establishment of early flood warning system
Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Smart Flood
Control Structures
Channel Improvement which includes Dredging and Bank
Stabilization
Development of High Resolution Flood Model and Flood Hazard
Maps of the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Capacity development of LGUs on DRR and CCA
Percent
PV
('000 PhP
@ r=15%)
35,000,000
0.18
22,812
20,000,000 -
5,000,000
25,000,000
0.13
17,562
300,000,000
1.58
246,242
150,000,000
0.79
34,381
10,000,000
0.05
8,208
642,000,000
3.39
349,479
15,000,000
0.08
12,312
20,000,000
378,550,000
222,550,000
220,050,000
0.11
2.00
1.17
1.16
16,416
193,392
90,462
88,410
2,500,000
113,000,000
0.01
0.6
2,052
77,618
15,000,000
0.08
12,312
10,000,000 -
15,000,000 -
Seismic Hazard and Risk Mitigation Planning

CROSS-CUTTING PROGRAMS
Institution and Organizational Development
Setting-up of the River Basin Coordinating Office
Formulation of procedures and guidelines, methods, tools,
systems for RBMO
Capability building
Total
10,000,000
300,000,000 -
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
25,000,000 -
342,000,000 -
Rapid Visual Vulnerability Assessment of Structures
Medium
Term
(Year 4-6)
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
150,000,000
300,000,000
-
20,000,000 138,510,000
91,010,000
149,030,000
46,510,000
44,010,000
132,030,000
44,010,000
44,010,000
132,030,000
2,500,000 70,000,000
38,000,000
15,000,000 -
5,000,000

97

Programs/Projects

Training on the landuse planning, river basin protection,
rehabilitation and management
Mainstreaming science-based economic analysis in river basin
project planning and implementation
Organizational development and Capacity Building of existing
womens, elderly and youth groups
Livelihood development for marginalized women, elderly and
youth groups
Agri-enterprise development for major crops in Lanao del Sur
(cassava & banana), Lanao del Norte (coconut & banana), and
North Cotabato (banana & sugarcane)
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Watershed
Management and Farming in the Tagoloan River Basin
Information, Education Communication
Information Education and Communication for RB
Information Education and Communication campaign on
gender roles in RB management
Raising awareness on health, family planning and sanitary
practices
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Biodiversity Information Education
Communication (IEC) Project
Policies
15,000,000
0.08
PV
('000 PhP
@ r=15%)
7,752
1,000,000
0.01
821
5,000,000
0.03
4,104
3,000,000
3,000,000 -
6,000,000
0.03
3,964
30,000,000
30,000,000 -
60,000,000
0.32
39,637
3,000,000 -
3,000,000
0.02
2,462
8,000,000 10,000,000
5,000,000
8,000,000
22,000,000
15,000,000
0.04
0.1
0.08
6,566
12,586
7,752
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
5,000,000
Medium
Term
(Year 4-6)
5,000,000
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
5,000,000
1,000,000 5,000,000 -
6,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
Total
Percent
3,000,000 -
3,000,000
0.02
2,462
1,000,000 -
1,000,000
0.01
821
3,000,000
21,000,000
0.02
0.1
1,550
12,726
1,000,000
12,000,000
1,000,000
3,000,000
1,000,000
6,000,000

98

Programs/Projects
Medium
Term
(Year 4-6)
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Harmonization of policies along hierarchal levels and policy

monitoring in a river basin context
Issuance of Executive Order creating the Tagoloan River Basin
Council
Development of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) Program
for the River Basin
GRAND TOTAL
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Percent
PV
('000 PhP
@ r=15%)
5,000,000 -
5,000,000
0.03
4,104
1,000,000 -
1,000,000
0.01
821
6,000,000
15,000,000
2,562,554,000 18,958,590,000
0.08
100.00
7,801
13,807,198
6,000,000
15,652,768,000
3,000,000
743,268,000

99
REFERENCES
RBCO. (2007). Integrated River Basin Management and Development Framework. In
Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan (Volume 2).
Quezon City: DENR-RBCO.
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC). (2013). Proclamation
Procedures. Retrieved 27 Nov 2014 from
http://hudcc.gov.ph/AssistanceToLGU.aspx?name=Proclamation%20Procedures
World Wildlife Fund, Inc. and Americon National Red Cross. (2010). Strategic Site Selection
and Development. (Charles Kelly, Consultant). Settlements Planning References.
ShelterCluster.org. Retrieved 27 Nov 2014 from
https://www.sheltercluster.org/References/Documents/GRRT%204%20%20Strategic%20Site%20Selection%20and%20Development.pdf
Chapter 2: Water Resources Management and Development

Japan International Cooperation Agency/National Water Resources Board. (1998). Master
Plan Study on Water Resources Management in the Republic of the Philippines. Final
Report. August. Nippon Koei Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan/Nippon Jogesuido Sekkei Co.,
Ltd.: Tokyo, Japan.

Lamb, David and Gilmour, Don. (2003). Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests.
Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; UK: Cambridge; and Gland, Switzerland: WWF. Online:
http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/FR-IS-005.pdf
Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Wetland Management

DENR. National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines 2011-2016
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 1994. Online:
http://www.bmb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57:ramsarwetlands-convention&catid=73:ramsar&Itemid=205
Chapter 5: Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

DOST. Project NOAH Web Portal. Online: http://noah.dost.gov.ph
MGB. Geological Database Information System. Online: http://gdis.denr.gov.ph/mgbviewer/
Chapter 6: Human Development Programs

Forest Trends, The Katoomba Group, and UNEP. (2008). Payments for Ecosystem Services
Getting Started: A Primer. Nairobi: UNON Publishing Services Section. Retrieved from
http://www.unep.org/pdf/PaymentsForEcosystemServices_en.pdf
Local Water Utilities Administration. (2005). Manual on Water Rates and Related Practices.
Quezon City, Philippines: LWUA. Retrieved 12 Feb 2014 from
http://lwua.gov.ph/downloads_10/LWUA_water_rates_manual.pdf

100

Schmeier, Susanne. (2010). The Organizational Structure of River Basin Organizations:
Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Mekong River Commission. Technical
Background Paper for the Mekong River Commission. Berlin, Germany: Hertie School
of Governance. Online:
http://wwvv.mekonginfo.org/assets/Publications/governance/MRC-Technical-PaperOrg-Structure-of-RBOs.pdf.
Castillo, Hermilea, Ibanez, Larah, Blacksmith Philippines, Inc. (2013). Protecting Livelihoods
and Ecosystem Health in the Philippines. Project Management Plan. Funded by
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC).

A1
ANNEX A
(ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RBO)
Establishment of the RBO

The creation of a Council comprised of the key stakeholders in the River Basin (RB)
is to allow for a concerted effort in implementing a master development plan to
sustainably develop, manage, conserve, and protect the river basin for the common
good of present and future generations. It will also allow effective and efficient use of
scarce resources. The existing RB Council shall be strengthened rather than creating
a new organization. All key stakeholders who are affected or can influence change
through any form of intervention, as well as those mandated to protect, develop, or
conserve the RB shall be part of the stakeholder group. The membership shall be
balanced to represent all sectors but at the same time shall limit the number of
members to those who can make the greatest impact to achieving the goals of the
RB. Many of the established RB Councils in the country remain ineffective with their
goals not achieved largely because commitments and efforts have been at a token
level and have remained on paper only. It is for this reason that the current RB
Council shall be strengthened and re-engineered to make it more responsive to the
challenges confronting the RB.
Proposed Organizational Set-up for the River Basin
The proposed organizational structure (Figure 5.1) for the RB shall make use of
existing structures and shall strengthen existing River Basin Councils. Plans and
programs shall be implemented through the Local Government Units. In essence,
what is needed is good governance: more restructuring, capacitating, and making the
institutions more accountable and transparent.

A2
Figure A. Proposed Organizational Structure for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin.
River Basin Council

The RB Council is the highest governing body of the RB. All members of the RB
Council understand the problems and challenges confronting the RB and agree that
a concerted effort based on science and good governance is the only solution to
address these problems. The RB Council members are also aware that inaction will
further aggravate the problem leading to further poverty, inequity, social unrest,
damage to property, and loss of lives. The RB Council members are also aware that
as head of offices, they can make a big difference but at the same time they are
accountable to their constituents and clients. The agreements of the RB Council are
translated into specific actions such as programs, plans, activities following the RB
Master Development Plan.
The functions of the River Basin Council:
Set the policy direction for the rehabilitation and conservation of the River
Basin.
Provide leadership to enjoin the public to support the implementation of the
Master Plan for the river basin

A3
Approve and sign directives, agreements, and amendments that set goals
and guide policies for river basin rehabilitation.
Resolve conflicts at the organizational and institutional level
Generate resources to fund the implementation of the Master plan
The RB Council is accountable to the public for progress made under the river
basin agreements and master plan implementation.
The RB Council meets twice per year
River Basin Council Composition
Chaired by the RD DENR, Co-Chaired by the Governor

Governors, Local Chief Executives
Regional Directors - DENR, DA, DILG, NWRB, NIA, DPWH, NEDA, DepED,
MINDA, PNP, AFP
Representatives from Water District, small-holder farmers, agribusiness
operators, industry, households
Representatives from religious sector (Ulama, Church), Indigenous Peoples,
Civil Society Organization
Working Committee of the River Basin Council

The RB Council members shall designate their respective permanent representative
and an alternate on a capacity as delegated authority who shall comprise the
Working Committee of the RB Council. This is essential for practical reasons that the
heads of offices do not have the time to engage in numerous meetings. The Working
Committee meets regularly at least once a month or more frequently as needed.
The functions of the Working Committee:
Effect the delivery of goods and services of the respective organizations

according to their commitments.
Steer the RBCO to ensure achievement of goals in accordance with the
Master plan.
Facilitate enhanced coordination through effective communication among the
members of the RB Council, scientific and technical advisory group, and
RBCO
The Working Committee resolves conflicts that arise from plans and during
project implementation
Develops systems and procedures to prevent conflicts and ensure efficiency
Composition of the Working Committee
Chaired by the DENR PENRO and Co-Chaired by the Provincial ENRO

PPDOs, MPDOs, CPDOs, Provincial ENROs, Municipal ENROs
Provincial Directors - DENR, DA, DILG, NWRB, DepEd
River Basin Coordinating Office

The RBCO is the permanent office with a full-time staff that coordinates and ensures
the execution of the operations plans, specifically the RB programs, projects, and
activities by the LGUs. The RBCO is headed by a RB Director. The Director oversees

A4
the
coordination
and
facilitation
of
support
services
from
the
Institutions/Organizations comprising the RB Council through the Working
Committee. The delivery of services of the Council members to the LGUs shall be
coordinated by thematic Program Coordinators: Water Resources, Watershed,
Wetlands, and DRRM. The Program Coordinators are supported by five units of the
RBCO: the Communications, Management Information, Stewardship, External
Linkages/Partnership, and Administrative and Finance.
Specific Functions
Provide coordinating, facilitating and technical assistance functions to the

concerned LGUs who shall implement the master plan, agreements, and
decisions of the RB Council
Provide secretariat support functions to the RB Council and Working
Committee
Provide MIS and communications support to the LGUs
Coordinate and facilitate partnerships/networking with private and public
organizations
Promote responsible stewardship at the individual level through targeted
IEC/Advocacy
Administrative and Finance Unit

The Admin and Finance Unit shall be staffed by two full-time personnel: an Admin
Officer and a Finance Officer. This unit shall provide administrative and financial
services to support the River Basin Coordinating Office, such as work and financial
planning, personnel support, human resources management and development,
payroll, and tracking of all cash and in-kind donations. The RB Director supervises
this unit.
Communications Unit
The Communications Unit shall be staffed by a full-time communications/IEC Officer
who is an expert in the field. The unit shall provide support to the LGUs by
developing IEC and advocacy messages as well as development of materials to
encourage social mobilization. It shall likewise regularly provide news articles, mass
media messages, and reports to educate, inform, and mobilize the public to achieve
the goals of the River Basin Master Plan. The content of the communications
materials shall be guided by the Working Committee. RB Director supervises the unit.
Management Information Unit (MIS)
The MIS Unit is staffed by an MIS Officer who is an expert in the field. The unit shall
collect secondary information, and shall collate, synthesize, and assist the other
RBCO Units in analyzing, interpreting, and presenting M&E data on a regular basis.
The development of the MIS framework and structure shall be guided by the Working
Committee. RB Director supervises the unit.
Specific Functions:
Maintain a coordinated River Basin-wide database and knowledge

management system for use in monitoring the progress and effectiveness of
management actions, and to support decision-making.

A5
On a regular basis, assist RBCO Units in preparing and disseminating

physical and financial reports that describe the performance, effects, and
impacts of all interventions.
Maintain and make available records to the public to strengthen public
confidence in river basin efforts and to promote transparency in
program/project decisions, policies, and actions.
External Linkages/Partnerships Unit

The participation of other external partners can significantly contribute to the success
of the efforts, even if the achievement of the goals of the RB hinges to a large extent
on the RB Council members. The External Linkages Unit is staffed by a full-time
Officer who is an expert in the field. The contributions of external entities can be
cash, donations in-kind, technical assistance, markets for specific projects, and
facilitation. External partners also serve as advocates and can be a source of
talented and committed volunteers who are willing to help in various ways. RB
Director supervises the unit.
Specific Functions
Promote, acknowledge, support, and embrace local governments and other

initiatives of stakeholders in River Basin programs/projects
Ensure well-coordinated efforts of partners and initiatives such that these are
in accordance with the River Basin master plan
Facilitate participation of partners in River Basin initiatives by doing needed
preparatory work such as coordination and logistics.
Encourage donations in kind, cash, technical assistance, markets for specific
programs/projects in accordance with the river basin master plan
Stewardship Unit
The role of the individual farmer, students, employees, workers, and citizens in
general should not be discounted. After all, it is the combined effect of bad practices
of individuals concerning the environment that led to the RBs degradation. The
general objective of the Stewardship Unit is to mobilize individuals to become
responsible stewards of the RB. For instance, the Stewardship Unit may mobilize
farmers to adopt environment-friendly farming practices, and may mobilize citizens
living within the RB to conserve water and natural resources and to adopt measures
to mitigate pollution. The Stewardship Unit is staffed by a full-time Officer. The RB
Director supervises the unit.
Specific Functions:
Promote
localized
action
primarily
on
a
strong
citizen
participation/stewardship.
Educate and empower individual citizens to rehabilitate, conserve, and
protect their local natural resources in accordance with the river basin master
plan
Mobilize local citizen volunteers to donate their time and talent in River Basin
rehabilitation and conservation efforts
Recommend policy measures to further encourage wise stewardship of
natural resources
Scientific and Technical Advisory Group (STAG)


A6
The STAG is external to the RB Council. It provides objective, independent, scientific

and technical advice to the RB Council, through the Working Committee of the RB
Council. It is composed of experts from various government agencies, academic
institutions, LGUs, professional associations, CSO, and private citizens. The STAG
holds twice a year meetings for two days and may hold smaller group meetings as
the need arises to provide ad-hoc advice. The STAG is chaired by a representative
from an academic institution. The STAG is organized through a Memorandum of
Agreement, upon initiation of the RB Council.
Specific Functions:
Undertake independent evaluation of the strategic, scientific, and technical

aspects of RB activities;
Provide technical assistance to the RB Council in the approval, updating, and
development of river basin plans and approaches/technologies and the
setting of environmental standards and targets through the concerned
thematic program coordinators
Review policy drafts during its meetings and decide to endorse, revise, or
reject the policy recommendations.
Thematic Programs (Water Resources, Watershed, Wetlands, Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management)
The Thematic Programs shall each be staffed by a full-time Program Coordinator
who is an expert in the field and maybe another personnel on a secondment basis.
The Programs get guidance from the RB Council through the Working Committee
and the efforts coordinated by the RBCO Director. The Working Committee gets
scientific and technical advice from the STAG. Program Coordinators shall
coordinate and facilitate the LGUs who shall be implementing the master plan. The
Program Coordinators are supervised by the RB Director.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
M&E is undertaken at three levels, namely, internally-local through the RBCO,
externally-national through the National RBCO, and externally-independent through a
3rd Party Reviewer. The RBCO internal monitoring enables sound administration by
ensuring that goals are met effectively and efficiently and that corrective actions are
taken if necessary. However, their M&E assessment may be biased. National level
RBCO M&E is undertaken to make sure RBCO-local goals, plans, and outputs are
aligned with national goals, plans, and targets. The National RBCO also provides
benchmark data which is made available to all the local RBCOs. On the other hand,
the 3rd Party Reviewer is an independent group, and thus can provide an objective
assessment of the RBCO programs, projects, and activities. The 3rd Party Reviewer
assesses whether these were implemented in line with the RBCOs goals and
whether these were accomplished in an effective and efficient manner. This
assessment will be a basis for appropriate action by the RB Council.
Enabling Environment/Mechanisms:
For the River Basin master plan to be successful, the following conditions should be
present:

A7
1. Establishment of the River Basin Council through an Executive Order for a

more secure legal mandate compared to the more loose MoA
2. Formal adoption through a Council Resolution by all stakeholders of the River
Basin master plan
3. Appropriate land tenure of open access public lands to make the on-site
resource users responsible and accountable
4. LGU ordinances passed to support the implementation of the river basin
master plan and its components
5. Presence of adequate and capacitated LGU staff to implement the River
Basin master plan
6. Market-based incentives and disincentives for natural resources-based
management and development
a. Incentives for compliant resource users in the form of tax incentives,
subsidies, grants, in-kind or cash rewards; savings from prevented or
reduced damage to properties and loss of lives, and avoidance of
lawsuit
b. Disincentives for non-compliant resources users such as fines,
penalties, taxes, imprisonment; threat of Writ of Kalikasan/lawsuit, lost
revenues, loss of lives and damage to properties
7. Adequate and sustained financing
- Institute a PES scheme for use of natural resources (water, ecotourism,
recreation, etc.) such that environmental development programs can be
funded.
- Cost-sharing
8. Stakeholders participation
9. Science-based decision making mechanism

B1
ANNEX B (Proposed EO)

MALACAAN PALACE
MANILA
Executive Order No. xxx
Creating the Ranao (Agus) River Basin Management Council
WHEREAS, Section 16 of 1897 Philippine Constitution provide that the State
shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature;
WHEREAS, the countrys river basins comprise 70 percent of the countrys
terrestrial area and are precious natural resource for the exploration,
development and utilization of which shall be subject to the full control and
supervision of the State;
WHEREAS, the Ranao (Agus) River Basin is one of the 18 major river basins
identified and categorized as priority areas of the government by the Cabinet
Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation;
WHEREAS, the social and economic importance of the major river basins is
inextricably linked to the growing demand for water for domestic
requirements, agriculture, commerce and industry;
WHEREAS, the overall assessment undertaken for the formulation of the
Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for the
Ranao (Agus) River Basin underscores that the Ranao (Agus) River Basin is
faced with interconnected biophysical, socio-political, economic and
institutional problems which impair the delivery of key services for flood
mitigation and primary production, provisions, regulation and cultural;
WHEREAS, the present chaotic state of the river basin is brought about by
several foundational problems such as conflicting institutional arrangements
and frameworks that deter harmonized roles, functions, responsibilities and
rights of different managers of the river basin, overlapping mandates, lack of
monitoring and evaluation mechanism of the river basin, inadequate funding,
weak intersectoral collaboration and participation and weak enforcement of
policies for the development, utilization and protection of the river basin;
WHEREAS, in order to successfully implement the Integrated River Basin
Management and Development Master Plan for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
and for better coordination of plans and programs therefor, the creation of a
river basin council is proposed through the merger of current councils,

B2
expanding its membership that will include other stakeholders and

streamlining and clarifying its roles and functions;
NOW THEREFORE, I, BENIGNO S. AQUINO III, President of the Philippines,
by virtue of the powers vested in my by law do hereby order:
SECTION 1. Creation and Composition. The Ranao (Agus) River Basin
Management Council is hereby created to be composed of the following
divisions/offices with their respective functions:
a. River Basin Council
The River Basin Council shall be Co-chaired by DENR R10 Director
and the Provincial Governors of two provinces covered by the basin on a
rotation basis with the members to be composed of one representative each
from the Local Government Units from covered municipalities , and
representatives from non-government organization/civil society organizations,
etc.
The River Basin shall be accountable to the public for progress made
under the river basin agreements and masterplan implementation. It shall
meet twice a year at such time and place to be agreed upon by majority of its
members. The River Basin shall:
1. Set the policy direction for the rehabilitation and conservation of the
River Basin.
2. Provide leadership to enjoin the public to support the implementation of
the Master Plan for the river basin
3. Approve and sign directives, agreements and amendments that set
goals and guide policy for river basin rehabilitation.
4. Generate resources to fund the implementation of the Masterplan
b. Working Committee of the Management Council
The Working Committee shall be composed of authorized
representatives of the River Basin Council that meets as needed to:
1. Facilitate communication among the members of the River Basin
Council, advisory committee, scientific and technical advisory group,
Project Management Office to implement the river basin Master Plan
and Agreements;
2. Resolve conflicts that arises during project implementation and
develops systems and procedures to prevent conflicts
c. River Basin Coordinating Office


B3
The River Basin Coordinating Office shall be headed by an Executive

Director supported by four management units, namely Administrative and
Finance, MIS, Communications, Partnerships/linkaging and Stewardship.
The River Basin Coordinating Office shall:
Coordinating and facilitate the provision of technical assistance to the

concerned LGUs who shall be implementing the masterplan,
agreements and decisions of the River Basin Council
Provide secretariat support functions to the River Basin Council and
Working Committee
Provide MIS and communications support to the LGUs as well as
coordinate and facilitate partnerships/networking with private and
public organizations as well as specific IEC/Advocacy messages to
promote responsible stewardship at the individual level.
The River Basin Coordinating Office shall have the following units and
their respective functions:
Administrative and Finance Unit
The Administrative and Finance Unit shall provide administrative and
financial services support to the Riverbasin Management Office such work
and financial planning, personnel support, human resources management and
development, payroll, tracking of all cash and in-kind donations
Communications Unit
The Communications Unit shall provide support to the LGUs by
developing IEC and advocacy messages as well as development of materials
to encourage social mobilizationRegularly provide news articles, mass media
messages and reports to educate, inform, mobilize the public to achieve the
goals of the riverbasin.
Management Information Unit
The Management Information Systems Unit shall:
1. Maintain a coordinated riverbasin-wide database and knowledge
management system for use in monitoring and support in decisionmaking and track progress and the effectiveness of management
actions.
2. Submit regular work and financial reports and project benefits, effects
and impacts of all activities and interventions.
3. Maintain and make available records to the public to promote
transparency in program/project decisions, policies, actions and
reporting on progress to strengthen public confidence in our river basin
efforts.

B4
External Linkages/Partnerships Unit

The External Linkages/Partnership Unit shall:
1. Promote, acknowledge, support and embrace local governments and
other initiatives of stakeholders in riverbasin programs/projects
2. Ensure well-coordinated efforts and initiatives such that these are in
accordance with the riverbasin masterplan
3. Encourage donations in kind and cash for specific programs/projects in
accordance with the river basin masterplan
Stewardship Unit
The Stewardship Unit shall:
1. Promote localized action primarily on strong citizenship participation.
2. Educate and empower individual citizens to rehabilitate, conserve and
protect their local natural resources in accordance with the river basin
masterplan
3. Mobilize local citizen volunteers to donate their time and talent in
riverbasin rehabilitation and conservation efforts
Scientific and Technical Advisory Group
The Scientific and Technical Advisory Group shall be composed of experts
from various government agencies, academic institutions, LGUs and private
citizens to ensure use of science-based decision-making, innovative
technologies and approaches to support sound management decisions in a
changing river basin system. It shall provide technical assistance to the River
Basin Council in the approval, updating and development of river basin plans
and approaches/technologies and setting of targets through the concerned
thematic program coordinators.
SECTION 2. Thematic Programs. The programs and projects shall focus on
such themes comprised of water resources, watershed, wetlands, and
DRRM. These thematic programs shall be under the direction of a
Coordinator who possesses such technical qualifications as may be required
the appointment of whom can on secondment basis.
The thematic programs shall be complemented by staff officers shall be
providing coordinating and facilitating roles to the LGUs who shall be
implementing the masterplan.
SECTION 3. Monitoring and Evaluation. All projects, programs and activities
implemented by the Ranao (Agus) River Basin Management Council shall, in
accordance with the frameworks, systems and procedures designed therefor,
be monitored and evaluated by an independent third party reviewer in
collaboration with the River Basin Control Office at least once a year.

B5
However, nothing herein shall preclude periodic evaluations to be

undertaken by its internal PMO during the calendar year.
SECTION 4. Stakeholder Participation. The participation of stakeholders from
non-government agencies, whether national or local, in all projects, programs
and activities of the River Basin Management Council is indispensable to
ensure the proper management thereof.
Notwithstanding the inclusion in the River Basin Council of
representatives from different sectors as members, sectoral representatives
from such as sector as small holder farmers, agribusiness operators,
households and affiliated industries shall provide inputs and feedback
concerning plans and operational concerns. Other sectors may be invited.
SECTION 5. Enabling Environment. To properly and adequately ensure the
implementation of the river basin master plan, the River Basin Management
Council shall provide the following:
a. Facilitate the formal adoption through a MoA and commitment by all
stakeholders of the riverbasin masterplan;
b. Absorb the members of existing structures and of River Basin Councils
and devise strategies to build-up on the gains existing institutions in the
river basin;
c. Secure appropriate land tenure of the upland farmers;
d. Propose and facilitate the enactment of LGU ordinances to support the
implementation of the river basin masterplan and its components;
e. Request for the presence of adequate and capacitated LGU staff to
implement the riverbasin masterplan;
f. Formulate market-based incentives and disincentives for natural
resources-based management and development subject to the
following:
1. Incentives for compliant resource users in the form of tax
incentives, subsidies, grants, in-kind or cash rewards;
savings from prevented or reduced damage to properties
and loss of lives, avoidance of lawsuit
2. Disincentives for non-compliant resources users such as
fines, penalties, taxes, imprisonment; threat of Writ of
Kalikasan/lawsuit, lost revenues, loss of lives and damage to
properties
g. Provide adequate and sustained financing for the institution of a PES
scheme for use of natural resources (water, ecotourism, recreation,
etc.) such that environmental development programs can be funded;
h. Provide for the rules and procedure that will ensure the widest
coverage of participation by stakeholders;
i. Make available adequate and effective extension services to
stakeholders and users based on science

B6
SECTION 4. Funding. (The member-agencies are hereby authorized to

charge against their current appropriations such amounts as may be
necessary for the implementation of this order. Subsequent funding shall be
incorporated in the annual budget proposals of the respective memberagencies through the General Appropriations Act. Additional funds and
possible sources of funds as may be necessary for the implementation of this
order shall be identified and provided by the Department of Budget and
Management.)
SECTION 5. Separability Clause. Should any provision of this Order be
declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other provisions unaffected thereby
shall remain valid and subsisting.
SECTION 6. Repealing Clause. All orders, proclamations, rules, regulations
or parts thereof, and MoAs which are inconsistent with any of the provisions of
this Order are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
SECTION 7. Effectivity. This order shall take effect immediately after
completion of its publication in a newspaper of general circulation.
DONE, in the City of Manila, this ___ th day of August, in the year of Our
Lord, Two Thousand and Fourteen.
(Sgd) BENIGNO S. AQUINO

III
President
By the President:
(Sgd) PAQUITO N. OCHOA, JR.
Executive Secretary

ANNEX C
(INVESTMENT PLAN DETAILS)
C1

C2
Estimated Cost (P000)

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
4,250
522,750
1,567,500
2,094,500
Selected sites in Ranao

River Basin
9,600,000
9,600,000
Saguiaran in Lanao del

Sur and Pantar and Baloi
in Lanao del Norte
4,700,000
Marawi City
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
WATER PROGRAM
Agriculture
Project 1
Strategic Irrigation Development
for the Ranao River Basin
(STRIDE)
DA-BSWM, LGUs,
JICA, NGOs, PublicPrivate, Partnerships
LGU, NIA, NGOs,

RBCO,
Farmer/beneficiary
groups
Energy development
Project 1
Support
the
Agus3
Hydroelectric Power Project
PPP
LGU, NPC
Project 2
Support the 35MW Solar Power
Project
Pollution
mitigation
control
4,700,000
and
PPP
LGU, DOE, NGCP

C3

Programs/Projects
Implementing
Agency
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
100,000
100,000
Iligan City
100,000
--
--
100,000
Municipalities under the ODA, DOH, DENR

Major Rivers (Ramain,
Taraka, Gata and Malaig)
LGUs, DENR,
DOH, NWRB
25,000
25,000
Marawi City
LGUs, DENR
2,000
1,000
2,000
5,000,
Location
Source of Funds
Project 1
Design and Build of Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP) for
domestic wastes
ODA, DENR
LGUs, DENR
Project 2
Establishment of Decentralized
Wastewater Treatment System
(DWATS)
Project 3
Establishment of Sanitary
Landfill
ODA, DENR
Long-term data collection of

water resources
Project 1
Installation of gauging stations
in major tributaries
1. Major
tributaries: NPC, DPWH, DOSTRamain,Taraka, Gata ASTI, DA-NIA
and Malaig Rivers (a
suggested location is
1.DPWH-BRS for
major tributaries
and at the mouth
of Ranao river

C4

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
along the stretch of the

river between the last
stream confluence and a
point in the river not
influenced by the highest
lake water level),
2. Agus River (mouth of
Lanao Lake
3. Each HEP, (includes
Agus I, which has
separate gate from that
of Agus River)
4. Separately, the Lanao
Lake water level should
also be measured at the
mouth of Agus River
(prior to discharge to
Iligan Bay)
prior to outflow to
Iligan Bay;
1. At or near local water NPC, LWUA-local

district pumping stations water districts, DA2. At the downstream side NIA, LGU, DOH
of major residential
centers
LWUA-local water
districts, LGUDOH, NPC, DANIA
2.DA-NIA for river

flows to National
and Communal
Irrigation Systems;
3.NPC for flows to

HEPs and lake
water level
Project 2
Installation of piezometer wells
for groundwater level and
quality monitoring
5,000
3,000
9,000
17,000,:

C5

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
3. At
selected
sites
around the lake (these
could coincide with the
other wells based on the
previous criteria)
5. At each HEP reservoir
Project 3
Siltation Study of the Ranao
(Agus) River Basin
1,600,000
1,600,000
4,800,000
8,000,000
Ranao (Agus) River

Basin-wide
GOP, ODA
LGU, DPWH
Project 4
Estimation of the demand for
and supply of improved water
and sanitation services
15,000
---
---
15,000
WATERSHED PROGRAMS
Biodiversity
River basin
DENR-RBCO, ADB,
World Bank, FAO,
LGU, water districts,
NIA, NWRB, NPC,
private institutions
DENR-RBCO and
proposed River
Basin
Management
Council

C6

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Ranao River Basin Biodiversity

Long Term Ecological
Assessment & Monitoring Plots
2,500
1,500
6,000
10,000
Agus, Gata, Taraca

subwatershed in
Mt.Piagayungan Mountain
Range ; Masiu,; Ramain
in Bubong and Maguing
subwatershed
5,000
2,500
6,500
14,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
10,000
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
DENR-BMB,
WWF,PTCF,
Conservation
International,
Smithsonian
Institution, WWF,
Private-Public
Partnership LGUs
DENR-RCBOBMB , MSU, LGU,

UP, Local
Communities
Lake Lanao, Agus River

and denuded or
marginal/deforested
areas of Agus, Gata,
Masiu, Ramain, and
Taraka subwatershed.
DENR, WWF, PTCF,

Conservation, WWF,
Birdlife International,
Private-Public
Partnership LGUs,
ADB, World Banks,
Conservation
International. SCUs,
NPC

UP, Local
Communities
DENR Regional Office

or Marawi State
University
Line Agency Budget

(DENR), WWF, PTCF,
Conservation, WWF,

UP, Local Radio
Project 2
Ranao Biodiversity Corridors
Development and Management
Project 3
Ranao River Basin Wildlife
Rescue Center

C7

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Private-Public
Partnership LGUs,
ADB, World Banks,
Conservation
International.
SCUs,Internal
Revenue Allocation to
Municipalities, Funds
allocated to LLWDC,
Loans from
development banks
(ADB, WB (through
DOF-LOGOFIND)
Project funds from
development agencies
international funding
institutions providing
grants and soft loans
to Philippine
Government (e.g.,
GTZ, AUSAid, JICA,
SIDA, CIDA, other
international NGOs,
Implementing
Agency
and Television
Network Private
companies and
individual

C8

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
etc.)
Water use fees from
NPC for watershed
management
Watershed
Project 1
Forest Protection
19,254
19,254
57,762
96,270
areas classified as forest

lands in the Draft Ranao
Watershed Management
Framework Plan
DENR, LGUs and

NGOs within the River
Basin
DENR, LGUs and

NGOs within the
River Basin
25,672
25,672
77,016
128,360
open and marginal

grasslands within the
portions of the natural
parks; watersheds within
the different
municipalities that are
inside the Ranao River
Basin
DENR, LGUs and

Basin
DENR, LGUs and

NGOs within the
River Basin
Project 2
Forest Rehabilitation and/or
Restoration
Project 3

C9

Programs/Projects
Agroforestry through the

Conservation Farming Villages
(CFV) Approach
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
27,646
27,646
82,938
138,230
agroforestry and
agriculture sub zones as
identified in the Draft
Ranao Watershed
Management
Framework Plan
DENR, LGUs and

Basin
DENR, LGUs and

NGOs within the
River Basin
12,836
12,836
38,508
64,180
areas classified as forest

lands in the Draft Ranao
Watershed Management
Framework Plan
DENR, LGUs and

Basin
DENR, LGUs and

NGOs within the
River Basin
30,000
30,000
90,000
150,000
timber production, timber LGUs, Corporate

regeneration, and forest Farmers
restoration zones.
LGUs, Corporate
Farmers
100,000
--
--
100,000
Municipalities under the

Major Rivers (Ramain,
Taraka, Gata and
Malaig)
LGUs, DENR,
DOH, NWRB
Project 4
Forest Plantation, Fire
Protection and Control
Project 5
Regulation of Land Conversion
to Agricultural Purposes or Uses
WETLAND PROGRAMS
Project 1
Wastewater Treatment System
(DWATS)
ODA, DOH, DENR

C10

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
3,000
2,000
2,500
7,500
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
Project 2
Ranao River Basin Wetland
Assessment, Development,
Management Protection Project
All inland
wetland/marshland
Line Agency Budget

(DENR, BFAR), WWF,
PTFCF, Conservation,
Private-Public
Partnership LGUs,
ADB, World Banks,
Conservation
International, SCUs,
Internal Revenue,
Allocation to
Municipalities, Funds
allocated to LLWDC,
Loans from
development banks
(ADB, WB (through
DOF-LOGOFIND),
Project funds from
development agencies
international, funding
institutions
providing grants and
soft loans to Philippine
DENR-RCBOBMB , BFAR,
MSU, LGU, UP,
Private
companies and
private individual

C11

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
Government (e.g.,
GTZ, AUSAid, JICA,
SIDA, CIDA, other
international NGOs,
etc.), Water use fees
from NPC for
watershed
management
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION PROGRAM
Project 1
Installation, Operation and
Maintenance of Weather
Monitoring Stations
25,000
--
10,000
35,000
Marawi city, Iligan City
ODA, GOP
RBCO, DOST,
DENR
20,000
--
5,000
25,000
Iligan City, Ramain,

Taraka, Gata and Malaig
GOP, ODA
RBCO, DOST,
DENR
Project 2
Establishment of early flood
warning system

C12

Programs/Projects
Implementing
Agency
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
300,000
--
--
300,000
Iligan City, Ramain,

Taraka, Gata and Malaig
GOP, ODA, PPP
DPWH
--
--
150,000
150,000
Ramain, Taraka, Gata and

Malaig
GOP, ODA, PPP
DPWH
10,000
--
--
10,000
Ranao River Basin
ODA, DOST, DENR
DREAM, DENR
642,000
--
--
642,000
39 cities and municipalities

inside the Ranao River
Grant, Loan,
LGUs, DILG, CCC
Location
Source of Funds
Project 3
Construction, Operation and
Maintenance of Smart Flood
Control Structures
Project 4
River Channelization
Project 5
Development of High Resolution
Flood Model and Flood Hazard
Maps of the Ranao River Basin
Project 6
Capacity development of LGUs
on DRR and CCA
DENR, DA, DOH,

C13

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
Basin
Fund (PSF)
DOST, DPWH,
DOE
Project 7
Rapid Visual Vulnerability
Assessment of Structures
15,000
--
--
15,000
Iligan City, Marawi City
GOP, ODA
DOST, DPWH
20,000
--
--
20,000
Iligan City, Marawi City,

Ramain, Taraka, Gata and
Malaig
GOP, ODA
DOST, DPWH
44,010
44,010
132,030
220,050
Housing of office in one of

the State University or
College
Grant, PES, Loan,

Cost Sharing,
Convergence of Govt
Programs,
LGUs, DILG,
DENR, DA, DOH,
DOST, DPWH,
DOE,
Project 8
Seismic Hazard and Risk
Mitigation Planning
CROSS-CUTTING PROGRAM
Institution/ Organizational
Development
Project 1
Setting-up of the River Basin
Coordinating Office

C14

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Fund (PSF)
Implementing
Agency
Sectorial
Representatives,
namely:
Agricultural
farmers, agroindustrial,
fisherfolks,
household water
consumers,
institutional water
users, industries
Project 2
Formulation of procedures and
guidelines, methods, tools,
systems for RBMO
2,500
--
--
2,500
River Basin
4,000
--
--
4,000
River Basin Wide

coverage and localized
capacity building and
organizational
Ranao River
Basin
Organization
Capability Building
Project 1
General
DENR-River Basin
Appropriations Act
Coordinating
(through RBCO, DILG, Office.
MinDA, Office of the

C15

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
development efforts and

activities of the RBCO
Source of Funds
President), Official
Development
Assistance (ODA),
Implementing
Agency
DILG, LGUs
LGU Funding,
NGO and International
Financing Institutions,
Grants
Project 2
Capability building on IRBM for
LGUs
12,000
5,000
5,000
22,000
2 Provincial Governments
(Lanao del Sur and Lanao
del Norte)
31 Municipalities/City
Governments in Lanao del
Sur (Bacolod Kalawi,
Balindong, Bayang,
Binidayan, BuadiposoBuntong, Bubong,
Bumbaran, Butig, Dapao
Lake, Ditsaan-Ramain,
General
Appropriations Act
(through RBCO, DILG,
Development
Assistance (ODA),
Payment for
Ecosystems Services
(PES),
Cost-Sharing
DENR-River Basin
Coordinating
Office.
DILG, LGUs

C16

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
Ganassi, Kapai, LumbaBayabao, Lumbatan,

Lumbayanague, Madalum,
Madamba, Maguing,
Marantao, Marawi City,
Masiu, Mulondo, Piagapo,
Poona Bayabao, Pualas,
Saguiaran, Sultan
Dumalondong, Tagoloan
II, Tamparan, Taraka and
Tugaya),
8 Municipalities/City
Governments in Lanao del
Norte (Baloi, Iligan City,
Linamon, Matungao,
Munai, Pantao Ragat,
Pantar and Tagoloan)
Project 3
Training on the land use
planning, river basin protection,
rehabilitation and management
1,000
--
--
1,000
Ranao River Basin
River Basin Council
RBCO-UP Los
Banos

C17

Programs/Projects
Implementing
Agency
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
5,000
--
--
5,000
River basin
DENR-RBCO, ADB,
World Bank, FAO,
NIA, NWRB, NPC,
DENR-RBCO and
proposed River
Basin
Management
Council
3,000
3,000
--
6,000
Lanao del Norte and

Lanao del Sur
GOP, USAID, DFID,

ODA
LGU, RB Council,
civil society and
NGOs
30,000
30,000
--
60,000
Lanao del Norte and

Lanao del Sur
GOP, private
companies
LGU, RB Council,
TESDA, DTI
3,000
--
--
3,000
Ranao River Basin
DTI (technology and
SUC-UPLos
Location
Source of Funds
Project 4
Mainstreaming science-based
economic analysis in river basin
project planning and
implementation
Project 5
Organizational development
and Capacity Building of
existing womens, elderly and
youth groups
Project 6
Livelihood development for
marginalized women, elderly
and youth groups
Project 7
Agri-enterprise development for

C18

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
major crops in Lanao del Sur

(cassava & banana), Lanao del
Norte (coconut & banana) and
North Cotabato (banana &
sugarcane)
Source of Funds
training), DOST
(technology)
Implementing
Agency
Banos
ATI (training)
Project 8
Mainstreaming Climate Change
Adaptation in Watershed
Management and Farming in
the Ranao (Agus) River Basin
8,000
--
--
8,000
Ranao River Basin
GOP. ODA, private

companies (CSR)
LGU, DENR, DA,

DPWH, NIA,
power companies,
tribal assocaitions
5,000
5,000
5,000
15,000
Ranao River Basin
General
Appropriations Act
(through RBCO, DILG,
Development
Assistance (ODA),
DENR-RBCO and
proposed River
Basin
Management
Council
Information, Education
Communication
Project 1
Information Education and
Communication for RB

C19

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
LGU Funding, NGO

and International
Financing Institutions
Project 2
Communication campaign on
gender roles in RB
management
3,000
--
--
3,000
Lanao del Norte and

Lanao del Sur
GOP
LGU, RB Council,
civil society and
NGOs
1,000
--
--
1,000
Ranao River Basin
DOH, DSWD
SUC-UP Los
Banos
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
All communities inside the

DENR, WWF, PTCF,

Conservation, WWF,
Private-Public
Partnership LGUs,
ADB, World Banks,
Conservation
DENR-RBCOBMB, MSU, LGU,

UP, Private
companies and
individuals
Project 3
Raising awareness on health,
family planning and sanitary
practices
Project 4
Biodiversity Information and
Education Communication

C20

Programs/Projects
Short Term
(Year 0-3)
Medium
Term (Year
4-6)
Long Term
(Year 7-15)
Total
Location
Source of Funds
Implementing
Agency
International. SCUs,
NPC
Policies
Project 1
Harmonization of policies along
hierarchal levels in a river basin
context
5,000
--
--
5,000
Whole River Basin
RBCO (DENR), Office

of the President
RBCO
1,000
---
----
1,000
Whole River Basin
RBCO (DENR), Office

of the President
RBCO
6,000
3,000
6,000
15,000
All watersheds within the

river basin
DENR-RBCO, ADB,
World Bank, FAO,
NIA, NWRB, NPC,
DENR-RBCO and
proposed River
Basin
Management
Council
Project 2
Issuance of Executive Order
creating the Ranao River Basin
Council
Project 3
Development of Payment for
Ecosystem Services (PES)
Program for the River Basin

ANNEX D
(LOGFRAME)
D1

Programs/Projects
WATER PROGRAM
Agriculture
Project 1
Strategic Irrigation Development for the
Ranao River Basin (STRIDE)
Energy development
Project 1
Support the Agus3 Hydroelectric Power
Project
Project 2
Support the 35MW Solar Power Project
Pollution control and mitigation
Project 1
Design and Build of Sewage Treatment
Plant (STP) for domestic wastes
Project 2
Wastewater Treatment System (DWATS)
Project 3
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification
D2
Assumptions
Collaborative partnerships with LGUs
secured
Number of functioning irrigation systems

developed, Coverage area
NIA reports, RBCO and LGU annual

reports
Peace and order situation improved

Collaborative partnerships with other
stakeholders secured
Number of RE installed and functioning
Water districts, BAWASA reports
Financially feasible
Power Capacity
Water district/NWRC report
Local communities buy-in secured
Number of RE installed and functioning
LGU passed supporting ordinances
Power capacity
Long term monitoring data and outputs

required
Number of STPs built and functioning
No. of HH connected by Levels
Number of built and functioning DWATS
Number of HH connected by Levels
Number of sanitary landfill installed
Volume of solid wastes accomodated

Programs/Projects
Long-term data collection of water
resources
Project 1
Installation of gauging stations in major
tributaries
Project 2
Installation of piezometer wells for
groundwater level and quality monitoring
Project 3
Siltation Study in the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin
Number of functional gauging stations

installed and data utilized for planning
purposes
RBCO, LGU, DOH reports
Number of functional piezometer wells

installed and data utilized for planning
purposes
Degree of improvement in health
advisories
RBCO, LGU, DOH reports
Number of functional monitoring stations

established
MGB, LGU, BSWM reports
Measures to control and prevent siltation

such as river rehabilitation
Project 4
Estimation of the demand for and supply
of improved water and sanitation services
Demand for improved water and

sanitation services estimated
Supply for improved water services
estimated
RBCO reports
LGU Reports
Efficient water price based on opportunity

cost approach determined
WATERSHED PROGRAM
Assumptions
D3

Programs/Projects
Biodiversity
Project 1
Ranao River Basin Biodiversity Long
Term Ecological Assessment &
Monitoring Plots
Project 2
Ranao-Lake Lanao Biodiversity
Corridors Development and Management
Project 3
Ranao River Basin Wildlife Rescue
Center
Biodiversity Index score

Species richness
Number of monitoring plots established
Biodiversity Assessment Report

Species richness
Extent of Biodiversity corridors
established
Number of wildlife rescue centers

established and operational
Delineated PAs and number of protection

zones established
Assumptions
secured
required

Watershed
Project 1
Forest Protection
D4
Forest protection reports
Number of deputized community based

organizations/forest officers
Number of apprehended forest violators
102,992 hectares of forest protected
Project 2

Programs/Projects

Survival rate
Regular Reports of DENR and LGUs
1,988 hectares of grasslands and open

forests reforested
Project 3
Agroforestry through the Conservation
Farming Villages (CFV) Approach
Number of barangays which have

adopted the CFV
Sangguniang Barangay/Bayan/Lungsod
Resolutions adopting the CFV
10,664 hectares of agroforestry farms in

sloping areas developed
Annual Reports of LGUs
CFVs incorporated in annual investment

plans/appropriations of the LGUs
LGUs annual budget/investment plans

Farm plans
Number of farmers and field/ extension

agents trained on the CFV approach
Number of agroforestry practices
implemented
Project 4
Forest Plantation Fire Protection and
Control
Fire incidence
Records/logbooks of forest patrols
Number of fire occurrences suppressed
Forest fire protection and control plan
31,655 hectares of plantations

established
Absence of fires in 31,665 hectares of
grasslands in fire prone areas
Assumptions
D5

Programs/Projects

Number of fire occurrences suppressed
D6
Assumptions
Number of personnel assigned in fire

prevention and control activities
Project 5
Regulation of Land Conversion to
Agricultural Purposes or Uses
Laws and local ordinances limiting

conversion passed and implemented
Cadastral surveys and maps

Satellite images and remote sensing data
WETLAND PROGRAM
Project 1
Wastewater Treatment System (DWATS)
Project 2
Ranao River Basin Wetland Assessment,
Development,
Management and Protection Project
Number of DWATS built and operational

secured
Number of HH connected by Levels

Species richness
Extent of projects implemented

required
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
PROGRAM

Programs/Projects
Project 1
Installation, Operation and Maintenance
of Weather Monitoring Stations
Number of functional weather monitoring

stations
Monitoring Reports
Project 2
Establishment of early flood warning
system
Number of functional early flood warning

system
LGU reports
Zero casualty
Number of functional Smart Flood
Control Structures
LGU reports
Monitoring Reports

required
Zero casualty
Number and extent of river
channelization projects
LGU reports
Monitoring reports
Reduced incidence of flooding

Project 5
Development of High Resolution Flood
Model and Flood Hazard Maps of the
Ranao River Basin

Reduced damage to properties

Project 4
Channel Improvement which includes
Dredging and Bank Stabilization
Assumptions
secured
Monitoring reports
Project 3
Construction, Operation and
Maintenance of Smart Flood Control
Structures
D7
Presence of high resolution flood model

and flood hazard maps
LGU reports
Monitoring reports
Reduced number of casualties

And damage to properties
Project 6

Programs/Projects
Capacity development of LGUs on DRR
and CCA
Project 7
Rapid Visual Vulnerability Assessment of
Structures

Number of LGUs and stakeholders
trained in DRR and CCA
DRR and CCA plans developed and
implemented
LGU reports
Number and percentage of structures

assessed
LGU reports
D8
Assumptions
DRR and CCA plans
Number and percentage of vulnerable

structures identified
Project 8
Seismic Hazard and Risk Mitigation
Planning
CROSS-CUTTING PROGRAM
Institution/ Organizational
Development
Project 1
Setting-up of the River Basin
Coordinating Office
Extent of seismic hazard assessment
LGU reports
Number and percentage of vulnerable

structures identified
secured
Presence of a functioning RBCO with
legal mandate to coordinate and facilitate
the implementation of the RB Masterplan,
staff, funding, systems and procedures
RBCO Reports
LGU reports

Number of LGUs using Master

Plan as template for their
CDPs/CLUPs/FLUPs

Programs/Projects

Number of policies on RB
Created
Systems and procedure, manual

of operations
Measures of efficiency, effectiveness and
impact
Number of manuals, handbooks,
guidelines, policies on RB
developed
RBCO Reports
LGU reports
Operating Systems and procedures

prepared
Capability Building
Project 1
Positive/Appropriate Behavior change of

RBCO organizations
Number of capacity building
activities implemented
RBCO Reports
LGU Reports
Measures of efficiency and effectiveness

Project 2
Positive/Appropriate Behaviorvchange of
Assumptions
required
Number of RB conflict resolved
Project 2
Formulation of procedures and
guidelines, methods, tools, systems for
RBMO
D9
LGU reports

Programs/Projects

RBCO organizations
Number of capacity building
RBCO Reports
Measures of efficiency and effectiveness

Project 3
Training on the land use planning, river
basin protection, rehabilitation and
management
Project 4
Mainstreaming science-based economic
analysis in river basin project planning
and implementation
Number of seminars, training, IEC

materials developed
Degree of change in KAP
Adoption rate
RBCO reports
Positive/Appropriate Behaviorvchange
RBCO reports
Number of training conducted

Number of participants trained
Project 5
Organizational development and
Capacity Building of existing womens,
elderly and youth groups
Number of organizations formed

Number of members in the organization
Number of trainings / seminars
conducted
Listing and profiles of formal

organizations recognized by LGUs and
RBCOs
Seminar/conference reports
Attendance in seminars and

organizational development workshops
Assumptions
D10

Programs/Projects
Project 6
Livelihood development for marginalized
women, elderly and youth groups
Number of livelihood trainings conducted
Project reports
Number of beneficiaries of livelihood

projects
Income from gender-based livelihood
projects
Project 7
Agri-enterprise development for major
crops in Lanao del Sur (cassava &
banana), Lanao del Norte (coconut &
banana) and North Cotabato (banana &
sugarcane)
Number and extent of agricultural

enterprises operating
Increase in income
RBCO reports
LGU Reports
Project 8
Mainstreaming Climate Change
Adaptation in Watershed Management
and Farming in the Ranao (Agus) River
Basin
Information, Education
Communication
Project 1
Communication on water, watershed,
Number of farmers capacitated
LGU reports
Number of IEC materials implemented
Project reports
Number of local policies formulated for

mainstreaming adaptation strategies
Positive/Appropriate Behavior change of

RBCO organizations
RBCO reports
LGU reports
Assumptions
D11

Programs/Projects
wetland, climatic extremes

Number of IEC
Project 2
Communication campaign on gender
roles in RB management
Number of seminars / conferences

conducted
Number of participants
Seminar/conference reports
List of IEC publications
Number of IEC materials produced

Project 3
Raising awareness on health, family
planning and sanitary practices
Number of seminars, training, IEC

materials developed
Degree of change in KAP
Adoption rate
LGU reports
Project 4
Ranao
(Agus)
River
Biodiversity
Information
Education Communication
Basin No. of seminars/conferences conducted

and No. of participants
No. of activities implemented
No. of IEC materials produced
Seminars/conference reports
LGU reports
List of IEC publications
Policies
Project 1
Harmonization of policies along
hierarchal levels in a river basin context
Project 2
Issuance of Executive Order creating the
Number of policy reviews conducted

Degree of efficiency and effectiveness of
program implementation
Implementation of the Executive Order
LGU reports
RBCO reports
Assumptions
D12

Integrated River Basin Management Plan for Ranao River

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Integrated River Basin Management and Development

Master Plan for the Ranao (Agus) River Basin

VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)

Integrated River Basin Management and Development

4.3 STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................... 41

VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)

Integrated River Basin Management and Development

Chapter 7: Institutional Development and River Basin Governance

Chapter 3: Watershed Management and Rehabilitation

Chapter 7: Institutional Development and River Basin Governance

Chapter 8: Investment Plan

VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)

Integrated River Basin Management and Development

B. Proposed Executive Order (EO)

C. Investment Plan Details

VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)

Integrated River Basin Management and Development

Asian Development Bank

Armed Forces of the Philippines

Agricultural Training Institute

Barangay Development Plan

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Climate Change Adaptation

Climate Change Commission

Comprehensive Development Plan

Conservation Farming Villages

Canadian International Development Agency

Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Community Sustainability Indicators

Civil Society Organization

Design and Build

Department of Agriculture National Irrigation Administration

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DENR Administrative Order

DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau

Department for International Development

Department of Interior and Local Government

Department of Finance Local Government Finance and

Department of Science and Technology

DOST Advanced Science and Technology Institute

Department of Public Works and Highways

DPWH Bureau of Research and Standards

Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Department of Social Welfare and Development

Department of Trade and Industry

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System

Energy Development Corp.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environment and Natural Resources Office

VOLUME 2 MAIN REPORT (Part 2)

Integrated River Basin Management and Development

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Forest Land Use Plan

Gross Domestic Product

Government of the Philippines

Global Positioning System

German Technical Cooperation

Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

Information, Education, and Communication

Integrated River Basin Management and Development