35356 James Yu

Lab 1 11019534
Question 1
Two Sample t-test
data: volume by machine
t = 0.7989, df = 18, p-value = 0.4347
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 precent confidence interval:
-0.01629652 0.03629652
sample estimates:
mean in group 1 mean in group 2
16.015
16.005
Here the p-value is greater than the selected confidence interval of 0.05.
Consequently we reject the null hypothesis and so conclude that the two samples
are not the same.

35356 James Yu
Lab 1 11019534
Question 2
Influential factors water, soil conditions, temperature, exposure to sunlight,
crowding of planting area, species of tomato
Variables Hormone frequency/amount
Fixed - water, soil conditions, temperature, exposure to sunlight, crowding of
planting area, species of tomato
Measure Tomato size, tomato weight, plant size, leaf size as observational units
with weighing scales and standard tape measures
Limits Time, materials
I would first use a Completely Randomised Design and assume that all plants of
the same tomato species are the same if not very similar. If a relationship
between hormones and tomato growth were established at this point, I would then
implement an Incomplete Factorial Design to test how each of the factors above
played a part in tomato growth under the influence of hormones (incomplete since
we cannot have no water, no light, freezing temperatures etc.).
Question 3
Influential factors How much content, colour, animation, ad size, ad content
Variables Type of people who visit the web page, the page where the people
come from, time of day, internet speeds, density of ads on the page
Fixed Type of people who visit the web page, web pages, time of day, country,
Internet speeds
Measure People who visit, people who click through
I would use an Randomised Complete Block Design since there are many
influential factors to the ad and we cannot test all of them at the same time. After
we complete the design I would simply run analyse the data for trends in different
groups of people (e.g. young people might click on bright colours more than old
people).
Question 4
There is not enough information in the ad to conclude that the study is well
designed.
The health status of the participants at the starting point of the study is not
mentioned, so if they had elevated levels of cholesterol their loss may not be
representative of the average population.
Although the participants appear to be of both genders, they appear to be of an
older demographic, and so again does not appear to be representative of the
average population. There was also no mention of how the participants were
selected.
They also introduce variables of diet and exercise without mention to their
prominence in the participants lifestyle before the study. Consequently it may be
that diet and exercise contributed to the 80% cholesterol dip and that it was not
the work of the margarine alone. There is also no mention of control groups to
verify this.
Furthermore there is no information provided as to how the margarine was used
(e.g. amount used, frequency used etc.) and if/how often the people were using
the alternative product.
A sample size of 69 seems reasonable and a time frame of 2-3 weeks is short but
reasonable for testing a fast change.
Based on the information presented it appears that the study is flawed, however
more information needs to be provided to make a definitive conclusion.
Question 5

35356 James Yu
Lab 1 11019534
The design will be affected adversely since the samples will lose their
randomisation. Results may be skewed by impartial members of the trial, either
during the or after the trials completion. Furthermore, if results are withdrawn
after the trial, researchers will lose any invested money and/or time.
Consequently, the process of running statistically valid trials may become an
ethical concern for the designers, who may be pushed to exploit the limitations of
the new laws.