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I. INTRODUCTION
Torque =
(4)
60* Pout
2* speed
Efficiency = = Pout/Pin
(5)
A. Calculations
A. Classification Characteristics
I1 =
V1
Rr
X m ||(
+X r )+R s +X s
s
E1 =I1*[X m ||(
Rr
+X r )]
s
Pin = q*|V1|*|I1|*cos(E1-I1)
E1
I2 =
Rr
+ Xr
s
Power factor = cos(E1-I2)
Pout = q*|I2|2*Rr*
1-s
s
(2)
(3)
Motor
Type
Locked-rotor
Current (as %
of rated
current)
Not defined
Rated
Slip
(%)
Typical
Uses
Lockedrotor Torque
(as % of
rated torque)
70-275
0.5-5.0
70-275
600-700
0.5-5.0
200-285
600-700
1-5
275
600-700
5-8
Fans,
Blowers
Fans,
Blowers
Conveyors,
Crushers
Elevators
Type B
A type B motor is defined by a normal locked rotor torque
and a normal locked rotor current [3]. An example of a four
Type D
Type D motors are characterized by a high starting Torque
and a high slip [3]. Additionally, the highest torque they can
achieve is also the locked-rotor torque [4]. An example of a
four pole, three-phase, y-connected, type C motor can be
modeled using the parameters found in Table 7.
Type C
A type C motor is defined by a high locked rotor torque
and a high locked rotor current [3]. An example of a four
pole, three-phase, y-connected, type C motor can be
modeled using the parameters found in Table 6.
Table 6: Type C motor input parameters
Parameter
Value
Rated horsepower
24 hp
Line-to-line AC voltage
460 V
Frequency
60 Hz
Stator resistance (Rs)
0.110
Rotor resistance (Rr)
0.418
A. Stator Resistance
V. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
The model outputs for induction machines A, B, C and D
were all standardized upon a four-pole, three-phase, Yconnected motor with identical input voltages (i.e.
magnitude and frequency), identical horsepower ratings
(with the exception of Type C which differs only slightly),
and
identical
magnetization
inductances.
These
characteristics, other than the magnetization inductance, are
all determined in the manufacturing of the induction
machine. The magnetization inductance is kept the same
because it is not only essential to the operation of the motor,
but also affects the output characteristics very little while it
is relatively larger than the other inductances of the motor. In
summary, the identical values were chosen in order to
investigate the differences in motor resistances and
inductances across the four NEMA classifications. Table 8
summarizes these particular values for each induction
machine type.
Table 8: Parameter Estimates by Motor Type
Type
A
B
C
D
Stator
Resistance
(Rs)
0.220
0.320
0.110
0.110
Rotor
Resistanc
e (Rr)
0.209
0.259
0.418
0.5045
Stator
Inductance
(Ls)
0.02115 H
0.02125 H
0.02220 H
0.02030 H
Rotor
Inductance
(Lr)
0.0215 H
0.0215 H
0.0215 H
0.0210 H
B. Rotor Resistance
The rotor resistance needed to be increased consistently in
alphabetical order of motor type, so it can be inferred that
Type A motors have relatively low rotor resistances and
Type D motors have relatively high rotor resistances. This
correlation matches the implications of increased rotor
resistance: higher output power factor, higher rated slip, and
generally higher locked-rotor torque as a result of an
increased induced voltage over the rotor. However, it is
important to note that these implications occur alongside an
almost constant rotor inductance.
C. Stator Inductance
The desired motor characteristics were obtained with a
slight increase in stator inductance in motors A, B, and C
and an extremely small stator inductance in motor D. The
expected results of an increased stator inductance are more
leakage in the stator, which decreases the overall current,
output power, and therefore torque. The important
realization to be made relates to the rotor resistance. In
machine types A, B, and C, higher rotor resistance must be
countered by a higher stator inductance in order to ensure
the locked-rotor torque stays relatively low else the motors
may break their devices as they turn on. Conversely, Type D
motors actually require high locked-rotor torque in their
design, but suffer from high slip and lower current. Thus
Type D machines are manufactured with very low stator
inductances in order to maintain the desired power of the
motor induced by a high rotor resistance.
D. Rotor Inductance
The output characteristics were produced with nearly
constant rotor inductance. During experimentation, it was
found that the rotor inductance was (roughly) inversely
proportional to the magnitude of the motors rotor current,
power, and torque. It is therefore natural to infer that a rotor
inductance of zero would be ideal for any motor, as the
component leeches off the power factor and causes the slip
to increase. For all published test cases, rotor inductance
minimization was assumed, so the value was kept constant
in order to demonstrate that the effects of the other
parameters.
VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an induction machine analyzer is presented
alongside the results of the classification of four NEMA
motor types. By testing the software on the input and output
s
REFERENCES
[1] Induction motor, Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_
motor, April 16, 2015 [April 16, 2015].
[2] R. Harley. ECE 3072 Class Lecture, Topic: Electric Machines. VL
W200, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Feb. 25, 2015.
[3] Information Guide for General Purpose Industrial AC Small and
Medium Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor Standards, Internet:
www.nema.org, April 16, 2015
[4] TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS of NEMA DESIGN A, B, C, D &
E MOTORS, Internet: www.landbelectric.com, March 26, 2015